• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation measures on the fired woodland of Chesuk-bong in Mt. Chiri through the vegetation structure and comparison of growth pattern between natural seedlings and transplanted Abies koreana seedlings. It was also discussed the rate of standing and fallen trees of dead conifers in the management strategy for vegetation regeneration and protection of sub-alpine area. In this fired woodland, shrub layers consisting of Weigela subsessilis, Sambucus williamsii var. coreana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, R. mucronulatum, Tripterygium regelii, and etc. were gradually expanded, and tree species such as Betula ermani, Sorbus commixta, Acer pseudosieboldianum, and Malus baccata var. mandshurica were also regenerated. The growth of height and crown width of Abies koreana seedlings transplanted for vegetation regeneration were a little lower than those of natural seedlings. The seedlings of A. koreana transplanted in this fired woodland grew about 50.6% normally, but the others had multi-branched or growth stopped by death of terminal shoot. Because the number of dead conifers by fire tend to be gradually increased as time passed, it can occurs to the soil erosion and landslide by weakness of the cohesion and resistance of soil. Therefore, it is consider that rehabilitation measures projects of the fired woodland in subalpine area may be more prevention a natural disaster like soil erosion, flood and landslide.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 1999

The mixed rural city is adjusting to change by urbanization. The recent landcover change in mixed rural city is an important factor that changes structure and function of regional ecosystem. Landscape ecology is an integrated ecology widely available for environmental science such as nature conservation and sustainable land-use planning. As the concern about environmental quality rises, many studies are trying to create and conservate for biotop. The creation of biotop is related to the plan and management of the effective landuse because the important factor to change the structure and function of ecological area in the country. This study was carried out to establish the foundation of the landuse plan to analyze the change of landuse and to plan the scheme in creating biotop and landuse. We used the approach of ecological landscape and using landscape indices with RS(Remote Sensing) and GIS(Geographic Information System) technology, spatio-temporal variations of areas and distribution of forest patches were examined in the Sunghwan in Chonan from 1985 to 1996. A result of this study showed that the area of forest and paddy decreased by urban sprawl. The size of patch in the forest and agriculture had been smaller and irregular form, heterogeneity of size of forest and agriculture patches within sub-basin was increased, pattern of forest and agriculture patches decreased the corridor and network from 1985 to 1996.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.49-59
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• 2015

In this research, the connectivity status between natural environment (forests and rivers) and urban parks in view of ecological networks in a city is evaluated and on the basis of these evaluation results, a future connectivity enhancing recommendations are suggested. As a result, the 96.8% of the connectivity role of the neighborhood parks were core or connected parks and as in terms of the ecological pattern on the outer park, 84.1% of the case neighborhood parks were connected to the ecological element at least one side. Therefore, it can be expected to play a role as corridor that enables the direct connection with the natural environment if the connection plan is well established. As a result of connectivity evaluation of the parks, inside of the parks had low ecological element overall and had low connectivity, outside of the parks had 1.5 times more of low connectivity parks than high connectivity parks, and had similar disconnections such as facilities(fence, soundproof walls, breast walls, etc.), developments(roads, apartment complexes, industrial complexes, etc.), or poor greens regardless of the neighborhood with the ecological elements. To increase the connectivity of ecological network, the cities already built shall secure primarily green territory where can connect with the isolated park due to the surrounding with the developing areas and when planning for new cities or residential complexes, it shall establish a connection plan with the nearby at the beginning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.91-104
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of defects according to the type of block and spatial type by quantitatively examining defects occurring in block pavement in apartment complex. According to the research results, depending on the type of block, defects have occurred 1,394.3ea/100㎡ in interlocking paver blocks, 464.8ea/100㎡ in clay brick paver blocks, and 235.1ea/100㎡ in shot blasted paver blocks. By space type, the defects were occurred 1,576.0ea/100㎡ on the access road paved by interlocking paver blocks and the defects were found 1,139.6ea/100㎡ in interlocking paver blocks, 235.1ea/100㎡ in shot blasted paver blocks, and 797.1ea/100㎡ in clay brick paver blocks, on the sidewalk. Also the defects are occurred 455.6ea/100㎡ on the resting space and 403.2ea/100㎡ on the gym space paved by clay brick paver blocks. Through the size analysis of the defects in the block paver, in the case 'peeling', the largest volume of 2,539.0㎣ on the sidewalk paved with shot blasted paver blocks, and 'Subsidence' occurred at the widest area of 2,096.0㎠ on the sidewalk where interlocking paver block was constructed. The difference in defect occurrence according to the type of block is considered to be influenced by the block production process, and the space type is considered to be caused the difference in the occurrence of defects according to the cause of construction and the usage pattern of residents. This study conducted a survey on defects in block and analyzed the defect characteristic according to paver material and space type. Base on this, it is judged that it can be used as an efficient basic data for material replacement, improvement, paver planning and construction in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.75-90
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• 2008

The golf course has many problems that are a pollution of river, a extinction of habitat by destructing a forest and a simplication of species composition. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine the ecological characteristics of vascular plants in construct-reserved site of golf course. The results were as follow. The vascular plants were summarized as 342 taxa; 86 families, 231 genera, 295 species, 42 varieties and 5 forma. In the results by the location environments of vegetation, Salix caprea community and wetland species like Persicaria thunbergii were appeared in the swamp. Especially, S. caprea will be made use of promoting a landscape. In the stream, Stephanandra incisa community has a functions like an ecological axis and a corridor of wild animals. The planting technique will be applied to using Atractylodes japonica and Ainsliaea acerifolia in the lower part of Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica. Because Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Convallaria keiskei grew by layer in Q. variabilis community, this will be made use of natural vegetation model. The rare plants were 2 taxa; Aristolochia contorta and Iris ensata var. spontanea. To preserve their community, we will prohibit a development and remove a threatening factor. The endemic plants were 4 taxa; Salix caprea, Clematis trichotma, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora and Weigela subsessilis. The naturalized plants were 19 taxa; Rumex crispus, Bildedykia dumetora and so on. To establish the quantitative management plan, we will obtain a ecological information about a naturalized plants in accumulating by season, community and land use pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2010

The study was conducted to examine the possible psychological difference in visual preference for natural landscape depending on the residence characteristic of the visitors, with the aim to use as the reference when creating space for natural landscape. Visitors were classified into three groups, namely, urban, suburban, and rural residents, and their preferred type of landscape was surveyed. The result showed that regardless of their residence the highest preference was to the place with superior natural landscape features, and among such features the common preference was toward the landscapes with horizons and those with animals. Urban and suburban residents showed similar preference pattern, and there was artistically significant difference with rural residents. In this respect, the difference in preference for natural landscapes could be induced between urban and rural residents. Rural residents had similar preference with urban residents in that they both preferred the place with superior natural landscape features, but differed in that the former had significantly higher preference toward the landscapes that have mixed artificial elements. From the above research, the following conclusions can be inferred:for regions that need to create natural landscapes, differentiated visual landscape plans and strategies need to be established taking into account, inter alia, the natural richness of the neighborhood natural environment; for regions that need to conserve and manage natural environment and landscapes, the measures to adjust the natural landscape management plans need to be established taking into account the neighborhood environment of the protected areas and the number of visitors to the region.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.21-32
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• 2004

This study is aimed that reappearance and restoration of Korean tradition monster's original shape be able to contribute in scenario material development which is filled with history, culture and long imagination of our country. As for method of this study, it is on the basis of literature investigation in history, tale, folk-tale etc. and expert's research, and also restored 50 items of Korean tradition monster in digital way. Study finding is as following. First, prescribed scope of Korean tradition monster including god, ghost, bogy and animal. Second, Korean tradition monster's pattern is classified with S degrees and 4 classes to according to grade of rank and appearance place. Third, each of 50 traditional monsters which are usable to scenario substance development was produced with graphic image and flash animation. Fourth, suggested idea for material development of cultural contents industry as like game and character based on each monster's story. Expect the developed result production from this study to be used as a resource of elevating in comprehension forward to our cultural tradition, to be used as a unique material in field of culture contents industry of game, character, cartoon and movie etc.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.225-233
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• 1994

The restorations of the severely damaged teeth by post core have been increased with the developement of endodontic procedures. But high failure rates of these procedures being reported, various restorative modifications were induced for successful treatments. Cast post-core and prefabricated post with core buildups are choice of treatment. The main causes of failure of the restorations are the fracture of post and core, root fracture, and recurrent caries due to microleakage. Recently, the acid etching technique and the use of dentin bonding agent at tooth surface to reduce the possible microleakage at the tooth-restoration interfaces were introduced. The object of this study was to measure and compare the microleakage by the types and cementation methods of post-core. For this study, forty extracted human anterior teeth were selected for specimen. After cleansing and routine endodontic procedures, anatomic crowns of each specimen were removed at the level of 2mm above the cementoenamel junction. Canals were preparated for post insertion and specimens were divided into four groups randomly. Post-cores were fabricated according to method for each group. Microleakage was measured by length of dye penetration at the tooth-restoration interfaces with measuring microscope at 50 magnification. Oneway ANOVA and t-test were performed for statistical analysis of resulting data. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. There wert significant statistical differences in degree of microleakage between each group (p<0.01). 2. Cast post-core cemented with ZPC (Group I) showed the most severe microleakage pattern$(1.5547{\pm}0.0872mm)$, and cast post-core cemented with adhesive resin cement after tooth surface treatment with dentin bonding agent (Group II) showed the least microleakage $(0.1497{\pm}0.0872mm)$. 3. Group IV revealed less dye penetrations than group III, but no statistical significance was seen between two groups.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.62-71
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• 2020

Understanding vegetation structure and the relationship with environmental factors has been crucial for restoration and conservation of riparian zones. In this study, we conducted field survey in a riparian zone of Namhan River in South Korea both before and after flooding in order to understand temporal and spatial variations of riparian vegetation. There were significant temporal and spatial variations in species composition, and distribution patterns of vegetation were different along a gradient of elevation above the water level. At low elevation, Zizania latifolia was dominant throughout the field survey periods, and Bidens frondosa began to grow late and dominated both in post-flooding 1 and 2. Prior to flooding, Scirpus radicans and Polygonum thunbergii were widely distributed at middle elevation, while Artemisia vulgaris, Phragmites australis, and Miscanthus sacchariflorus were dominant at high elevation. After flooding, P. thunbergii was dominant at middle elevation with most other species decreasing, and more invasive or pioneer plants, including Artemisia princeps, H. scandens, and Sicyos angulatus, were observed at high elevation. Species composition and distribution patterns were homogeneous at low elevation, whereas dynamic variations of vegetation were observed both temporally and spatially at higher elevations. Elevation and distance from the water front were the most principal factors governing vegetation structure. Furthermore, soil physicochemical properties were also found to determine species composition and distribution patterns. These results indicate that vegetation structure in the riparian zones is formed by the combined effects of hydrological regime and soil physicochemical properties, inherent characteristics of species, and interspecific competition. Understanding of temporal and spatial variations of riparian vegetation may provide useful insights into ecological restoration and conservation of the vegetation within the riparian zones.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.184-190
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• 2018

PURPOSE. To analyze stress distribution in premolars restored with inlays or onlays using various materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three-dimensional maxillary premolar models of abutments were designed to include the following: 1) inlay with O cavity (O group), 2) inlay with MO cavity (MO group), 3) inlay with MOD cavity (MOD group), and 4) onlay (ONLAY group). A restoration of each inlay or onlay cavity was simulated using gold alloy, e.max ceramic, or composite resin for restoration. To simulate masticatory forces, a total of 140 N static axial force was applied onto the tooth at the occlusal contact areas. A finite element analysis was performed to predict the magnitude and pattern of stresses generated by occlusal loading. RESULTS. Maximum von Mises stress values generated in the abutment teeth of the ONLAY group were ranged from 26.1 to 26.8 MPa, which were significantly lower than those of inlay groups (O group: 260.3-260.7 MPa; MO group: 252.1-262.4 MPa; MOD group: 281.4-298.8 MPa). Maximum von Mises stresses generated with ceramic, gold, and composite restorations were 280.1, 269.9, and 286.6 MPa, respectively, in the MOD group. They were 252.2, 248.0, 255.1 MPa, respectively, in the ONLAY group. CONCLUSION. The onlay design (ONLAY group) protected tooth structures more effectively than inlay designs (O, MO, and MOD groups). However, stress magnitudes in restorations with various dental materials exhibited no significant difference among groups (O, MO, MOD, ONLAY).