• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.268-272
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• 2015

The current study was carried out to determine the influence of different resting surfaces and stall types on milk yield and animal health. Study was carried out in Bursa that is one of the most important cities of Turkey in terms of dairy production. Effects of resting surfaces and stall types on milk yield were found to be important. Also influence of different resting surfaces and stall types on lactation length was examined and found that rubber mats were different from the two other options. Relationships between different resting surfaces or stall types and health problems were examined and connection between stall type and repeat breeding (RB), dystocia, retained placenta and a connection between resting surface types and RB and clinical mastitis were found to be important. Considering their economic reflections, it can be said that results are quite important to the Turkish dairy industry.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 2012

Objectives : To observe physiological changes during clinical acupuncture treatment. Methods : We recruited 40 healthy volunteers who had experienced an acupuncture treatment at least once within the past three years. The experimental group was divided into four groups according to the needling site and frequency of electrical stimulation. Sites consisted of abdomen and legs. Frequencies consisted of 100 Hz and 2 Hz. The procedures of experimental treatment consisted of seven phases, Resting I phase (Resting I), Needle insertion phase (Insertion), Maintenance of needle insertion I phase (Maintain I), Electrical stimulation phase (ES), Maintenance of needle insertion II phase (Maintain II), Needle removal phase (Removal) and Resting II phase (Resting II). We measured the surface electromygraphy (SEMG) through an electrode on the frontalis muscle during all phases consecutively. Results : When SEMGs of all seven phases were analyzed, they significantly increased or decreased according to phases. SEMGs of Insertion, Maintain I, ES and Maintain II phase significantly increased more than RestingI in abdomen and legs groups. SEMGs of the abdomen group were measured as being $4.78{\pm}0.74{\mu}V$ on Resting I, $16.48{\pm}3.97{\mu}V$ on Insertion, $46.31{\pm}10.56{\mu}V$ on Maintain I, $45.88{\pm}9.72{\mu}V$ on ES, $45.56{\pm}9.69{\mu}V$ on Maintain II, $18.76{\pm}3.05{\mu}V$ on Removal, and $3.75{\pm}0.65{\mu}V$ on Resting II. SEMGs of the legs group were measured as being $3.34{\pm}0.35{\mu}V$ on Resting I, $12.11{\pm}1.76{\mu}V$ on Insertion, $36.74{\pm}6.99{\mu}V$ on Maintain I, $33.57{\pm}6.30{\mu}V$ on ES, $32.66{\pm}6.03{\mu}V$ on Maintain II, $14.08{\pm}2.15{\mu}V$ on Removal, and $2.88{\pm}0.32{\mu}V$ on Resting II. Conclusions : SEMG changed differently according to processes of acupuncture. Electrical stimulation showed different change of SEMG. Thus, acupuncture treatment may change the status of the autonomic nervous system.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2022

Functionally graded material (FGM) has been spotlighted as an advanced composite material due to its excellent thermo-mechanical performance. And the buckling of FGM resting on elastic foundations has been a challenging subject because its behavior is directly connected to the structural safety. In this context, this paper is concerned with a numerical buckling analysis of metal-ceramic FG plates resting on a two-parameter (Pasternak-type) elastic foundation. The buckling problem is formulated based on the neutral surface and the (1,1,0) hierarchical model, and it is numerically approximated by 2-D natural element method (NEM) which provides a high accuracy even for coarse grid. The derived eigenvalue equations are solved by employing Lanczos and Jacobi algorithms. The numerical results are compared with the reference solutions through the benchmark test, from which the reliability of present numerical method has been verified. Using the developed numerical method, the critical buckling loads of metal-ceramic FG plates are parametrically investigated with respect to the major design parameters.

• ALGAE
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2011

Yellow Sea surface sediment samples collected on October 15-31, 2003 were analyzed using the palynological process to investigate the spatial distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts. The sampling areas comprised four latitudinal transects, the northernmost of which was located off the Shandong Peninsula, China and the southernmost off Jeju Island, Korea. Each transect line was composed of six to nine stations, spanning the distance between the Chinese and Korean coasts. Twenty-five different types of dinoflagellate cysts were identified. Gonyaulax scrippsae, Alexandrium spp. (ellipsoidal type), and G. spinifera were the most dominant at all stations surveyed. Dinoflagellate cysts belonging to the Gonyaulacales comprised over 50% of all cysts collected. The latitudinal distribution trend showed that cyst concentrations along the two middle transects were much higher than those along the two northern and southern transects. Cyst concentrations in the offshore central areas reached their highest values within each transect and gradually decreased toward the Chinese and Korean coasts. Overall, cyst concentrations were markedly elevated in the offshore central Yellow Sea areas and gradually decreased outward in all four directions. This concentric cyst distribution pattern was consistent with the hydrographic features of the Yellow Sea, such as circular current systems, sedimentary properties, and water depth.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.469-485
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• 2014

A series of bearing capacity tests was conducted with eccentrically loaded model surface and shallow strip footings resting close to a slope to investigate behavior of such footings (ultimate loads, failure surfaces, load-displacement curves, rotation of footing, etc.). Ultimate loads of footing close to slope decreased with increasing eccentricity for both surface and shallow footings. Failure surfaces were not symmetrical, primary failure surfaces occurred on the eccentricity side (the slope side) and secondary failure surfaces occurred on the other side. Lengths of failure surfaces decreased with increasing eccentricity. Footings always rotated towards eccentricity side a few degrees. For eccentrically loaded footing, decrease in ultimate load with increasing eccentricity is roughly in agreement with Customary Analysis.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2000

Population density of Plasmodiophora brassicae in soil of severely infested fields of Chinese cabbage decreased as soil depth increases. More than 97% of total population was found in surface soil (0-5cm depth), and a few resting spores of the pathogen were also detected in 40 cm-deep soil. the clubroot pathogen was evenly distributed over the surface soil without clustering around a Chinese cabbage plant. Density of P. brassicae in soil at 23 Chinese cabbage fields in Pyongchang, Kangwon province ranged widely from less than 10$^4$resting spores/g soil to above 10$\^$6/ resting spores/g soil. Few or none of P. brassicae was found in virgin soil without any cropping history, intermediate with 0.36-2.75$\times$10$^4$resting spores/g soil in fields of other crops but more than 10 times higher population was found in severely infected Chinese cabbage fields. Density of P. brassicae was highest in the fields of monocropping of crucifers with some exceptions, but was low in rotated fields with corn, rye, medicinal crops or other non-host vegetables. Pathoen density in soil was decreased rapidly when rye or medicinal crops were cultivated after Chinese cabbage, suggesting that survival of clubroot pathogen appears to be influenced greatly by cropping system. The improved method for detecting resting spores of P. brassicae in soil used in this study seemed to be adequate for estimating population density of P. brassicae in soil in aspects of clearer dyeing, increased detecting sensitivity, and simplicity in preparation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1033-1048
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• 2016

An analytical solution based on the neutral surface concept is developed to study the free vibration behavior of simply supported functionally graded plate reposed on the elastic foundation by taking into account the effect of transverse shear deformations. No transversal shear correction factors are needed because a correct representation of the transversal shearing strain obtained by using a new refined shear deformation theory. The foundation is described by the Winkler-Pasternak model. The Young's modulus of the plate is assumed to vary continuously through the thickness according to a power law formulation, and the Poisson ratio is held constant. The equation of motion for FG rectangular plates resting on elastic foundation is obtained through Hamilton's principle. Numerical examples are provided to show the effect of foundation stiffness parameters presented for thick to thin plates and for various values of the gradient index, aspect and side to thickness ratio. It was found that the proposed theory predicts the fundamental frequencies very well with the ones available in literature.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2005

In order to examine the effectiveness of moxibustion stimulation for climacteric disturbance, we administered moxibustion stimulation to ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and compared the tail surface temperature, laboratory parameters, and the level of locomotor activity with those of untreated rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats (8 weeks old, 160 - 180 g) were divided into three groups. The rats in the OVX-M group underwent moxibustion stimulation after ovariectomy. The rats in the OVX-C group underwent ovariectomy but did not receive moxibustion stimulation. The rats in the Normal group received neither ovariectomy nor moxibustion stimulation. The level of locomotor activity was determined by a metabolism measuring system. The tail surface temperature was significantly lower in the OVX rats before moxibustion stimulation than in the Normal group. In the OVX rats before moxibustion stimulation, there was no clear difference in the level of locomotor activity between the active and resting phases, and the pattern of locomotor activity was irregular. After moxibustion stimulation, the tail surface temperature of the OVX-M group did not significantly differ from that of the Normal group, and the pattern of locomotor activity of the OVX-M group became diphasic with clear active and resting phases, similar to that observed in the Normal group. These results demonstrate that moxibustion stimulation is effective for the treatment of climacteric disturbance.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2003

Identification of species within the toxin-producing genus Alexandrium is vital for biotoxin monitoring and mitigation decisions regarding shellfish industry. In particular, the discrimination of resting cysts of only A. tamarense from that of Alexandrium spp. is considerable important to fundamentally monitor and predict this species before vegetative cells occur in the nature. Fluorescent cTAM-F1 DNA probe was responsible to not only binding the activity of the vegetative cells in A. tamarense, but also to the resting cysts, which was treated with methanol after fixation and stained by primuline on the surface The location of fluorescence in cultured vegetative cells and resting cysts was almost at tile bottom of the nucleus. The optimal incubation temperature and time using in situ hybridization were 50-$54^{\circ}C$ and 40-60 min, respectively, to penetrate the DNA probe into cell.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1215-1220
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• 2004

Cell adhesion to any material surface is considered to be fundamental and important phenomenon in the fields of tissue engineering. Cell adhesion molecules, mechanism, and attachment force have been studied and described a lot. However, the effects of mechanical stimuli on the adhesive forces still have been left much to be investigated. In this study, to investigate the changes in cell adhesive force due to resting time period during the intermittent hydrostatic pressurizing (IHP), cells were cultured under the IHP with various resting times. Then the cell adhesive forces were measured quantitatively utilizing a cell detachment test system and immunofluorescent staining was performed using fluorescent microscopy. In the results, immediately after mechanical stimuli (150 minutes after seeding) and one hour later (210 minutes after seeding), the average adhesive force of experimental group 5 (resting time: 15min) compared with that of control group at same culture time was increased significantly (p<0.05). The results indicated that IHP can contribute in improving cell adhesive force and some of time intervals were required for the expression of cell response.