• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.210-220
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• 1996

식세포인 호중구나 단핵세포는 생체외실험에 사용하기 위한 세포분리법인 플라스틱 표면부착만으로도 세포활성화가 일어나 이후의 실험결과에 영향을 주고 이 과정에 부착분자가 연관되어 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 폐의 주된 면역세포인 폐포대식세포도 대부분 플라스틱 표면부착에 의해 세포를 분리하므로 사람의 폐포대식세포가 표면부착 자체에 의해 활성화되는지 알아보고 세포활성회에 부착분자와 같은 기전이 관여하는지 밝히기 위해 적어도 한 쪽 폐가 정상인 사람에서 기관지폐포세척술을 통해 얻은 폐포대식세포를 대상으로 표면 부착이 미치는 영향을 과산화수소 분비량 측정으로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 폐포대식세포는 플라스틱 표면에 부착되면 부착 자체에 의해 과산화수소 분비능이 증가하고 이런 상태에서는 PMA나 fMLP와 같은 추가적인 화학자극물질에 의해 과산화수소 분비가 증가되지 않았다. 2) 여러가지 표면중 A549세포단층에 부착될 경우에만 이후의 PMA와 fMLP자극 모두에 의해 과산회수소 분비가 증가하였다. 3) PMA는 세포 부착여부에 관계없이 과산화수소 분비를 자극하지만 fMLP는 폐포대식세포가 표면에 부착된 상태에서만 자극효과가 나타났고 이런 부착세포에서의 fMLP에 의한 과산회수소 분비 효과는 단백합성억제제인 cycloheximide, G단백차 단제인 일해독소와 $\beta_2$ integrin 부착분자에 대한 항체인 항CD18 단세포항체 3가지 모두의 의해 차단되었다. 이상의 결과로 사람의 폐포대식세포는 플라스틱 부착자체에 의해 활성화되므로 부착 이후의 자극물질에 대한 효과가 반감되지만 폐포상피세포와 같은 생물학적 표면에 부착될 경우에는 이후의 세포자극에 민감하게 반응한다는 것을 알 수 있었고, PMA는 세포 부착여부에 관계없이 세포를 자극하는 반면 fMLP는 세포 부착상태에서만 자극효과가 나타나며 이런 부착세포에서의 fMLP에 의한 산소유리기 자극효과는 G단백결합 수용체를 통한 새로운 단백합성 과정으로 이루워지면서 $\beta_2$ integrin을 통한 폐포대식세포와 폐포상피세포의 부착에 의존하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2016

기상청에서 제공하는 넓은 지역의 수평면 일조시간 정보를 복잡한 산간집수역의 지형특성을 반영한 실제 일조시간 분포도로 변환하기 위해 지형효과를 정량화하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 경남 하동군 악양면 단일 집수역을 대상으로 정밀 DEM을 이용하여 그림자모형화 및 공제선분석 기법을 적용하여 일중 시간대별 음영기복도 1년 자료를 제작하였다. 2015년 5월 15일부터 2016년 5월 14일까지 1년 간 지형조건이 서로 다른 3지점에서 바이메탈식 일조계로 측정한 일조시간자료에 음영기복도 상 해당 지점의 휘도값을 추출하여 회귀시킴으로써 맑은 날의 휘도-일조시간 반응곡선을 얻었다. 이 곡선식을 하늘상태(운량)에 따라 보정할 수 있는 방법을 고안함으로써 일조시간 상세화 모형을 도출하였다. 이 모형의 신뢰도를 기존 수평면 일조시간 추정기법과 비교한 결과 추정값의 편의가 크게 개선된 것은 물론, 일적산일조시간 기준 RMSE가 1.7시간으로 지형효과를 반영하기 전보다 37% 이상 개선되었다. 어떤 지역을 대상으로 일조시간을 상세화 하기 위해서는 먼저 대상 지역의 매 시간 음영기복도의 격자점 휘도를 모형에 입력시켜 해당 시간대의 청천 일조시간을 추정한다. 다음에 같은 시간대의 기상청 동네예보(하늘상태)에 의해 구름 효과를 보정한다. 이렇게 추정된 매 시간 일조시간을 하루 단위로 적산하여 그 날의 누적 일조시간을 얻는다. 이 과정을 연구대상 집수역에 적용하여 수평 해상도 3m의 정밀한 일조시간 분포도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2009

목적: 주관절의 골 관절염은 골극의 형성, 유리체 및 관절막 구축 등에 의해 발생하며, 주로 관절 운동 장애나 운동 시 동통을 동반하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근 관절경 시술이 발달함에 따라 진단과 치료에 관절경을 이용한 술식이 점차 보편화되고 있어 저자들은 관절경을 이용한 술기와 결과를 보고 하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 6월부터 2007년 6월까지 본원에서 주관절 골 관절염으로 진단 받은 환자 중 보존적 치료에 반응하지 않아 수술적 치료를 시행한 23예 중 관절경을 이용해 수술을 시행한 18예를 대상으로 하였고, 6예에서 척골신경 이전술을 같이 시행하였다. 평균 추시기간은 21.3개월, 평균 연령은 48.(22~66)세였다. 동통의 평가는 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score를 이용하여 수술 전 및 수술 후에 평가하였고, 기능적 평가는 Mayo Elbow Performance Score(MEPS)와 관절운동 범위를 측정하여 평가하였다. 결과: 수술 전에 비해 최종 추시 시 VAS score는 수술 전 3.4에서 수술 후 1.9로 의미 있게 낮았으며(p<0.05), 관절 운동 범위는 수술 전 신전 25(0~40)도에서 수술 후 8.5(0~20)도로, 수술 전 굴곡 101.7(80~140)도에서 수술 후 125.2(85~140)도로 신전 및 굴곡범위 모두 향상되었다(p<0.05). MEPS는 수술 전 평균 65.4(40~85)점에서 수술 후 평균 87.9(55~100)점으로 의미 있는 향상을 보여주었다(p<0.05). 그러나 3예에서는 수술 전에 비해 운동범위의 감소 소견을 보였고, 1예에서는 수술 후 척골신경 증상을 호소하였다. 결론: 주관절 골 관절염의 치료에 있어 보존적 방법에 반응하지 않을 경우 관절경적 수술방법은 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었기에, 수술 전 주관절 골 관절염의 정확한 병인을 알고 수술 수기를 습득 한다면 안전하고 효과적인 방법이라고 사료된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.23-39
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• 2017

산업체 수요를 대학의 교육과정 속에 효율적으로 수용해낼 수 있는 방법이 없을까? 라는 질문에서 본 연구는 시작되었다. NCS라는 거시적인 흐름을 어떻게 하면 능동적으로 수용하고 대처할 수 있는가에 대한 방법론을 고민하고 제시한 연구이다. 대학 내 개별학과에서 NCS를 적용하기 위해서는 산업계 인사들과 함께 합리적 절차에 따라 교육과정을 개편해야 한다. 즉, 대학에서 NCS에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 적용을 위한 타당한 절차를 따라야 할 것이며, 본 연구에서는 이러한 NCS 기반 교육과정 개발 절차를 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 대학에서는 관련 산업 전망 및 대학 내 교수자원과 지역 산업과의 관련성이나 향후 취업전망, 산업인력수요 등을 고려하여 적용하고자 하는 NCS 세분류를 명확히 선정해야 한다. 둘째, 대학의 교육목표와 선정된 NCS 분류체계상의 세분류 목표를 절충하여 학과의 인재양성유형을 설정하고, 직무모형을 작성한다. 이 과정에서 NCS 세분류 상의 능력단위 뿐만 아니라, 학과에서 필요로 하는 NCS 기초과목과 응용과목 등에 해당하는 대학자체 능력단위를 추가하여 작성해야 한다. 셋째, NCS 세분류별 직무모형 검증 단계에서 각각의 능력단위요소에 대한 교육과정 적용 여부를 파악하여 학과의 직무모형을 완성한다. 넷째, 직무모형 내 능력단위에 대응하여 교과목을 도출하고, 학칙에 따른 시수 및 학점과 함께 해당 교과목들이 어떠한 내용을 어떠한 방식으로 운영하고 평가해야 하는지에 대한 교과목 명세서를 명확히 작성한다. 다섯째, NCS 기반 교과목들의 교육 시기에 따른 전후 관계를 파악하고, 각 학기 혹은 학년별로 교과목을 어떻게 배치하고 운영할 것인지에 대한 로드맵을 작성한다. 해당 로드맵을 통해 추후 과정평가형 자격제도의 도입 여부를 결정할 수 있는 직무능력성취도의 기본틀이 완성될 수 있다. 대학 내에서 NCS 기반 교육과정이 성공적으로 정착하기 위해서는 무엇보다도 대학 내 구성원들 즉, 교수와 학생, 직원들이 NCS의 필요성에 대하여 공감하는 것이 선행되어야 한다. 기존의 교수자 중심의 교육과정과 달리 수요자 중심의 NCS 교육과정은 처음부터 끝까지 대학 구성원들의 많은 희생과 헌신을 담보해야 가능하기 때문에, 이에 대한 적절한 보상 예컨대 과정평가형 혹은 과정이수형 국가기술자격의 부여 등이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2006

목적: 마우스 대퇴부에 심은 종양에 43 도의 열을 가한 뒤 수지상 세포를 종양내에 주입하여 국소 및 원격 항종양 효과를 관찰하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 마우스 우측 대퇴부에 MCA-102 fibrosarcoma를 피하로 주입하여 종양을 만들었고, 7일째는 반대편 대퇴부에도 주입하여 종양을 만들었다. 종양 세포를 접종한 지 7 일째 약 6 mm 가 된 종양에 43도의 열을 30 분간 가하고 골수 유래 미성숙 동종 수지상 세포를 종양내에 직접 주입하고, 이를 1 주 간격으로 2회 더 시행했다. $3{\sim}4$일 간격으로 양측 대퇴부의 종양의 크기를 측정하여 국소 및 원격 항종양 효과를 평가하였다. 또한 종양 특이적 면역 반응을 평가하기 위해 마우스의 비장 세포를 분리하여 cytotoxicity를 측정하였다. 결과 : 온열치료는 apoptosis를 유도하고 heat shock protein 발현을 증가시켰고, 6시간 경에 최고치를 보였다. 치료한 국소 종양에 있어서 온열 요법 단독만으로 종양의 성장을 억제했지만, 온열 요법 후 수지상세포를 주입했을 때는 그 성장 억제 효과는 온열요법 단독의 효과보다 높게 나왔다. (p<0.05). 한편 치료하지 않은 원 격종양에 있어서도 온열 요법 단독으로 원격 종앙의 성장 억제 효과를 보였으며 온열 요법 후 수지상 세포 를 주입했을 때도 원격 종양의 성장 억제 효과가 온열 요법 단독보다 높았으나, 그 억제 정도가 온열 요법 단독과 비교하여 통계적인 차이는 없었다 (p>0.05). Cytotoxicity 검사에서 온열요법과 수지상 세포 복합 치료 군에서 가장 높은 세포살해능을 보였고 (p<0.05), 이러한 면역 반응은 종양 특이적이었다. 결론 : 온열요법으로 apoptosis 와 heat shock protein 을 유도하고 종양내에 동종의 미성숙 수지상 세포를 주입하여 국소 및 원격 종양에 높은 항종양 효과를 유도할 수 있었다. 이러한 새로운 치료법은 암 치료에 응용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 공연문화연구
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• 제37호
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• pp.391-435
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• 2018

이 글은 아직 음악학계에서 다루어진 바 없는 '강원상강례'를 음악학적 관점에서 논의하였다. 이 연구를 위하여 "석문의범"의 강원상강례와 현행 강원상강례 사이의 유사성과 차별성에 대해 비교 검토하였고, 사료의 지문에서 발견된 소종 연주 방식에 대한 의미를 해석하여 현행 의식과는 어떤 음악적 관련성이 있는지에 대해서도 살펴보았다. 또한 현장 채록의 음원자료를 분석하여 도출된 결과를 바탕으로 현행 강원상강례의 음악적 특징을 살펴보았다. 내용을 간단히 요약하면 다음과 같다. "석문의범"의 강원상강례와 현행 의식을 비교 검토한 결과, 사료와 근접한 유사성을 보이는 강원상강례는 제2유형이며, 사료의 지문에서 발견된 소종 연주 방식은 운문사와 청암사 상강례에 일부 전승되어진 것으로 판단된다. 강원상강례의 음악적 특징은 다음과 같다. 제1유형과 제2유형의 음역은 완전8도를 벗어나지 않았다. 제1유형의 선율구조는 내드름을 들어내고, 종지선율은 do'에서 순차 하행하여 mi에서 la로 종지하였으며, 악조는 대부분 메나리토리였으나 일부 강원에서는 sol에서 la로 상행하는 선율이 종종 발견되어 전형적인 민요의 메나리토리와는 달랐다. 가창방식은 주로 전통예불에서 볼 수 있는 선 후창방식이었고, 대부분 일자일이음형과 일자수음형이며, 음악적 형식은 악곡별로 다양하게 짜여 있다. 다만 해인사 상강례는 의식절차와 가창방식에서 다른 여느 강원과 차이를 보였는데, 가창방식은 다른 사례와 같이 전통적인 선 후창방식이었으나 선창자가 첫 구(句)를 생략하여 부르는 특징이 있었다. 또한 추가된 한글<반야심경>은 내드름을 숙여내고, 독송은 3음 위주의 일자일음형으로 제창했다. 제2유형의 선율구조는 내드름을 들어내고, 종지선율은 제1유형과 다르지 않았다. <심향일주~>의 악조는 전형적인 메나리토리는 아니었으나 정례와 발원은 민요의 메나리토리와 같았다. 가창방식은 독창과 제창으로 이루어졌으며, 게송의 가사붙임새는 일자일이음형이고, 정례와 발원은 일자일이음형+일자수음형이다. 정례의 음악적 형식은 A-B-C와 A-C이고, 발원은 일정한 주기성을 갖추지 않았으나 종지선율을 동일하게 반복함으로서 통일감과 형식감을 느끼게 한다.

• 기록학연구
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• 제10호
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• pp.276-322
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• 2004

Historical interest in China in 1930s has been mostly focused on political characteristic of the National Government(國民政府) which was established by the KMT(中國國民黨) as a result of national unification. It is certain that China had a chance to construct a modern country by the establishment of the very unified revolutionary government. But, it was the time of expanding national crises that threatened the existence of the country such as the Manchurian Incident and the Chinese-Japanese War as well as the chaos of the domestic situation, too. So it has a good reason to examine the characteristic and pattern of the response of the political powers of those days. But, as shown in the recent studies, the manifestation method of political power by the revolutionary regime catches our attention through the understanding of internal operating system. Though this writing started from the fact that the Nationalist Government executed the administrative reform which aimed at "administrative efficiency" in the middle of 1930s, but it put stress on the seriousness of the problem and its solution rather than political background or results. "Committee on Administrative Efficiency(行政效率委員會)", the center of administrative reform movement which was established in 1934, examined the plan to execute the reform through legislation by the Executive Council(行政院) on the basis of the results of relevant studies. They claimed that the construction of a modern country should be performed by not political revolution anymore but by gradual improvement and daily reform, and that the operation of the government should become modern, scientific and efficient. There were many fields of administrative reform subjects, but especially, the field of records and archives adminstration(文書檔案行政) was studied intensively from the initial stage because that subject had already been discussed intensively. They recognized that records and archives were the basic tool of work performance and general activity but an inefficient field in spite of many input staff members, and most of all, archival reform bring about less conflicts than the fields of finance, organization and personnel. When it comes to the field of records adminstration, the key subjects that records should be written simply, the process of record treatment should be clear and the delay of that should be prevented were already presented in a records administrative meeting in 1922. That is, the unified law about record management was not established, so each government organization followed a conventional custom or performed independent improvement. It was through the other records administrative workshop of the Nationalist Government in 1933 when the new trend was appeared as the unified system improvement. They decided to unify the format of official records, to use marker and section, to unify the registration of receipt records and dispatch records and to strengthen the examination of records treatment. But, the method of records treatment was not unified yet, so the key point of records administrative reform was to establish a unified and standard record management system for preventing repetition by simplifying the treatment procedure and for intensive treatment by exclusive organizations. From the foundation of the Republic of China to 1930s, there was not big change in the field of archives administration, and archives management methods were prescribed differently even in the same section as well as same department. Therefore, the point at issue was to centralize scattered management systems that were performed in each section, to establish unified standard about filing and retention period allowance and to improve searching system through classification and proper number allowance. Especially, the problem was that each number system and classification system bring about different result due to dual operation of record registration and archives registration, and that strict management through mutual contrast, searching and application are impossible. Besides, various problems such as filing tools, arrangement method, preservation facilities & equipment, lending service and use method were raised also. In the process this study for the system improvement of records and archives management, they recognized that records and archives are the identical thing and reached to create a successive management method of records and archives called "Records and Archives Chain Management Method(文書檔案連鎖法)" as a potential alternative. Several principles that records and archives management should be performed unitedly in each organization by the general record recipient section and the general archives section under the principle of task centralization, a consistent classification system should be used by classification method decided in advance according to organizational constitution and work functions and an identical number system should be used in the process of record management stage and archive management stage by using a card-type register were established. Though, this "Records and Archives Chain Management Method" was developed to the stage of test application in several organizations, but it was not adopted as a regular system and discontinued. That was because the administrative reform of the Nationalist Government was discontinued by the outbreak of the Chinese-Japanese War. Even though the administrative reform in the middle of 1930s didn't produce practical results but merely an experimentation, it was verified that the reform against tradition and custom conducted by the Nationalist Government that aimed for the construction of a modern country was not only a field of politics, but on the other hand, the weak basis of the government operation became the obstacle to the realization of the political power of the revolutionary regime. Though the subject of records and archives administrative reform was postponed to the future, it should be understood that the consciousness of modern records and archives administration and overall studies began through this examination of administrative reform.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.56-73
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• 2019

본 논문은 동아시아 지역의 기와 제작 기술을 관찰함으로써 기술 양식에 대한 본격적인 논의의 필요성을 제시하려는 목적에서 작성되었다. 연구 방법은 기존의 주된 연구 자료인 발굴 성과와 그에 따른 연구방법론인 제작 흔적 분석뿐만 아니라 문헌과 전승 기술 등을 함께 살피려 노력했다. 공정 단위마다 지역별 유사성으로 기술의 권역을 설정하는 작업을 통해 도구, 공정, 인원 편성 등 기술적 요인을 중심으로 접근했다. 따라서 본고는 선행 연구 성과 토대 위에서 기술양식의 파악이 형태뿐만 아니라 문화 교류에 따른 기술의 인과성을 파악할 텍스트로서 작용 가능한지를 논증하는 실험이며, 이러한 논의를 추동하기 위한 시론(始論)이라 할 수 있다. 한국과 중국, 일본 세 나라의 기술 보유 지역을 네 개로 나누어 기와 제작 도구 및 공정을 분석하였다. 토형제작-기와성형-건정 세 공정을 주된 분석 대상으로 삼았으며 한국을 중심으로 주변 지역을 살펴보는 방식으로 진행하였다. 표면적인 현상으로는 양자강 이남과 오키나와가, 한반도 남방과 혼슈 지방이 유사한 기술의 맥을 공유하고 있었다. 그러나 제작 도구와 그에 따른 세부 공정을 유물, 교류관계와 함께 관찰하였을 때, 기와 제작 기술은 지역마다의 특수성만으로 구분할 수 있는 것이 아니었다. 공정별 세부 기법과 인원 편성 관찰은 공정 단위마다 다양한 권역 설정을 가능하게 했으며, 각 권역의 특색이 나타나는 원인과 그에 따른 결과를 추정할 단서를 제공했다. 이를 통해 각 지역의 기술적 특징을 상호 비교하고 그에 대한 원인 규명을 시도하였다. '편절 기법'은 지역이 보유한 기법에 따라서 권역은 구분되었지만, 규구준승(規矩準繩)에 따른 건축 기술에 기반한 기법이었다. 특히 타 지역들과는 다르게 중국을 중심으로 한 중 일만이 공유하던 특수하고도 고유한 제작 기법이었던 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 '타날 기법'은 기술이 전파되고 토착화되면서 다양한 방식으로 분화되는 양상을 드러냈다. 이러한 변화 양상은 기술의 문화적 다변성과 보수성을 관찰할 수 있는 기회가 되었다.

• 한국국제농업개발학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.428-436
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• 2019

본 연구는 국내 잡초벼인 완도앵미6의 식미관련 유용인자를 자포니카벼 품종에 도입하여 식미가 개선된 새로운 품종을 개발하기 위한 기초 육종연구로 수행되었다. 식미개선을 위하여 국내 자포니카 벼 품종인 화영과 윤기치가 우수한 국내 잡초벼인 완도앵미6를 교배하여 재조합 자식계통을 육성하였으며 이 조합으로부터 고품질 품종 개발에 활용 가능한 우량계통을 육종에 이용하고자 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 화영과 완도앵미6 조합의 교배립을 생산하여 SSD법으로 8세대까지 계통전개 하였으며 초형 등을 고려하여 최종 224계통의 RIL을 육성하였다. 2. 육성된 RIL집단의 주요 농업특성 특성을 3년(2016-2018) 간 평가하여 연차간 변이를 확인하였으며, 육성된 집단으로부터 작물학적 특성과 식미관련 특성이 우수한 10계통을 선발하였다. 3. 선발된 계통에 대한 아밀로스 함량, 단백질 함량, 알칼리 붕괴도 등의 이화학적 특성을 분석하였는데, 특히 선발된 계통 모두가 수여친인 완도앵미6의 수준에서 윤기치가 개선된 것을 확인하였다. 4. 식미와 관련이 높은 것으로 알려진 밥의 질감과 관련하여 관능평가와 기계적 물성 측정값에 대한 비교에서 두 방법간에 상관이 확인되지 않아 이에 대한 보완 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.