• 지역연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.79-97
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• 1996

Local dispute resolution has evolved in response to the need for effective ways to cope with the increasing numbers and types of local disputes. Where resources are limited, where the activities of individeuals or communities affect other individuals or communities, and where interests deviate or compete, disputes are likely to emerge. Efforts to resolve local disputes vary in their particulars but generally have certain elements in common. Therefore, this study focuses upon the fundamental directions and strategies for resolving local disputes. More specifically, the purpose of this study is to examine the causes of local disputes, to suggest fundamental directions for resolving local disputes, and then to explore the strategies for resovling local disputes. In the face of rising local disputes, planners need to become more aware of the possibilities for consensual dispute than one potential path to consensus. In spite of this variability, desirable strategies in local dispute resoultion processes can be identified.

• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권1호
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• pp.391-421
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• 2003

While the social activities using Internet become generalized, the side effect of the information security violation is increasing steadily and threaten the countries which is not ready to prevent from offensive penetration such as the Information-fighter or Cyber-military. In this paper, we define the concept and characteristics of the modern Information-Warfare and analyze various kinds of threatened elements and also examine the recent trend in other countries. And introducing Computer Forensics raised recently for the confrontation against the security violation in the future, we will show the developing strategies and the necessity in order to response cyber attacks. These developing strategies can be used to ensure and re-trace the technical evidence for the security violation and to achieve the disaster relief effectively. So we hope that can apply them to the actual preparation through developing cyber trial test of the defense and attack for the Information-Warfare.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1873-1881
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• 2019

The innate immune response serves as a first-line-of-defense mechanism for a host against viral infection. Viruses must therefore subvert this anti-viral response in order to establish an efficient life cycle. In line with this fact, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes numerous genes that function as immunomodulatory proteins to antagonize the host immune system. One such mechanism through which KSHV evades the host immunity is by encoding a viral homolog of cellular interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRFs), known as vIRFs. Herein, we summarize recent advances in the study of the immunomodulatory strategies of KSHV vIRFs and their effects on KSHV-associated pathogenesis.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.117-135
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• 2016

Performance enhancement is one of the most important issues in high performance distributed computing systems. In such computing systems, online users submit their jobs anytime and anywhere to a set of dynamic resources. Jobs arrival and processes execution times are stochastic. The performance of a distributed computing system can be improved by using an effective load balancing strategy to redistribute the user tasks among computing resources for efficient utilization. This paper presents a multi-class load balancing strategy that balances different classes of user tasks on multiple heterogeneous computing nodes to minimize the per-class mean response time. For a wide range of system parameters, the performance of the proposed multi-class load balancing strategy is compared with that of the random distribution load balancing, and uniform distribution load balancing strategies using simulation. The results show that, the proposed strategy outperforms the other two studied strategies in terms of average task response time, and average computing nodes utilization.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2019

Cellular senescence, a permanent state of cell cycle arrest, is believed to have originally evolved to limit the proliferation of old or damaged cells. However, it has been recently shown that cellular senescence is a physiological and pathological program contributing to embryogenesis, immune response, and wound repair, as well as aging and age-related diseases. Unlike replicative senescence associated with telomere attrition, premature senescence rapidly occurs in response to various intrinsic and extrinsic insults. Thus, cellular senescence has also been considered suppressive mechanism of tumorigenesis. Current studies have revealed that therapy-induced senescence (TIS), a type of senescence caused by traditional cancer therapy, could play a critical role in cancer treatment. In this review, we outline the key features and the molecular pathways of cellular senescence. Better understanding of cellular senescence will provide insights into the development of powerful strategies to control cellular senescence for therapeutic benefit. Lastly, we discuss existing strategies for the induction of cancer cell senescence to improve efficacy of anticancer therapy.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.310-328
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• 2022

Internet of things (IoT) has emerged as the most popular technique that facilitates enhancing humans' quality of life. However, most time sensitive IoT applications require quick response time. So, processing these IoT applications in cloud servers may not be effective. Therefore, fog computing has emerged as a promising solution that addresses the problem of managing large data bandwidth requirements of devices and quick response time. This technology has resulted in processing a large amount of data near the data source compared to the cloud. However, efficient management of computing resources involving balancing workload, allocating resources, provisioning resources, and scheduling tasks is one primary consideration for effective computing-based solutions, specifically for time-sensitive applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the source management strategies considering resource limitations, heterogeneity, unpredicted traffic in the fog computing environment. It presents recent developments in the resource management field of the fog computing environment. It also presents significant management issues such as resource allocation, resource provisioning, resource scheduling, task offloading, etc. Related studies are compared indifferent mentions to provide promising directions of future research by fellow researchers in the field.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2023

The Golgi apparatus modifies and transports secretory and membrane proteins. In some instances, the production of secretory and membrane proteins exceeds the capacity of the Golgi apparatus, including vesicle trafficking and the post-translational modification of macromolecules. These proteins are not modified or delivered appropriately due to the insufficiency in the Golgi function. These conditions disturb Golgi homeostasis and induce a cellular condition known as Golgi stress, causing cells to activate the 'Golgi stress response,' which is a homeostatic process to increase the capacity of the Golgi based on cellular requirements. Since the Golgi functions are diverse, several response pathways involving TFE3, HSP47, CREB3, proteoglycan, mucin, MAPK/ETS, and PERK regulate the capacity of each Golgi function separately. Understanding the Golgi stress response is crucial for revealing the mechanisms underlying Golgi dynamics and its effect on human health because many signaling molecules are related to diseases, ranging from viral infections to fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is valuable to summarize and investigate the mechanisms underlying Golgi stress response in disease pathogenesis, as they may contribute to developing novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we investigate the perturbations and stress signaling of the Golgi, as well as the therapeutic potentials of new strategies for treating Golgi stress-associated diseases.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2024

수요 반응은 전력망의 신뢰성을 높이고 비용을 최소화하기 위해 수요가 가장 많은 시간대에 고객이 소비패턴을 조정하도록 유도한다. 재생 에너지원을 스마트 그리드에 통합하는 것은 간헐적이고 예측할 수 없는 특성으로 인해 상당한 도전 과제를 안고 있다. 강화 학습 기법과 결합된 수요 대응 전략은 이러한 문제를 해결하고 기존 방식에서는 이러한 종류의 복잡한 요구 사항을 충족하지 못하는 경우 그리드 운영을 최적화할 수 있는 접근 방식으로 부상하고 있다. 본 연구는 재생 에너지 통합을 위한 수요 반응에 강화 학습 알고리즘을 적용하는 방법을 찾아 적용하는데 중점을 둔다. 연구의 핵심 목표는 수요 측 유연성을 최적화하고 재생 에너지 활용도를 개선할 뿐 아니라 그리드 안정성을 강화하고자 한다. 연구 결과는 강화 학습을 기반으로 한 수요 반응 전략이 그리드 유연성을 향상시키고 재생 에너지 통합을 촉진하는 데 효과적이라것을 보여준다.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.236-238
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• 1992

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.57-81
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• 2008

Knowledge is an essential strategic weapon for sustaining competitive advantage and is the key determinant for organizational growth. When knowledge is shared and disseminated throughout the organization, it increases an organization's value by providing the ability to respond to new and unusual situations. The growing importance of knowledge as a critical resource has forced executives to pay attention to their organizational knowledge. Organizations are increasingly undertaking knowledge management initiatives and making significant investments. Knowledge sourcing is considered as the first important step in effective knowledge management. Most firms continue to make an effort to realize the benefits of knowledge management by using various knowledge sources effectively. Appropriate knowledge sourcing strategies enable organizations to create, acquire, and access knowledge in a timely manner by reducing search and transfer costs, which result in better firm performance. In response, the knowledge management literature has devoted substantial attention to the analysis of knowledge sourcing strategies. Many studies have categorized knowledge sourcing strategies into intemal- and external-oriented. Internal-oriented sourcing strategy attempts to increase firm performance by integrating knowledge within the boundary of the firm. On the contrary, external-oriented strategy attempts to bring knowledge in from outside sources via either acquisition or imitation, and then to transfer that knowledge across to the organization. However, the extant literature on knowledge sourcing strategies focuses primarily on large organizations. Although many studies have clearly highlighted major differences between large and small firms and the need to adopt different strategies for different firm sizes, scant attention has been given to analyzing how knowledge sourcing strategies affect firm performance in small firms and what are the differences between small and large firms in the patterns of knowledge sourcing strategies adoption. This study attempts to advance the current literature by examining the impact of knowledge sourcing strategies on small firm performance from a holistic perspective. By drawing on knowledge based theory from organization science and complementarity theory from the economics literature, this paper is motivated by the following questions: (1) what are the adoption patterns of different knowledge sourcing strategies in small firms (i,e., what sourcing strategies should be adopted and which sourcing strategies work well together in small firms)?; and (2) what are the performance implications of these adoption patterns? In order to answer the questions, this study developed three hypotheses. First hypothesis based on knowledge based theory is that internal-oriented knowledge sourcing is positively associated with small firm performance. Second hypothesis developed on the basis of knowledge based theory is that external-oriented knowledge sourcing is positively associated with small firm performance. The third one based on complementarity theory is that pursuing both internal- and external-oriented knowledge sourcing simultaneously is negatively or less positively associated with small firm performance. As a sampling frame, 700 firms were identified from the Annual Corporation Report in Korea. Survey questionnaires were mailed to owners or executives who were most erudite about the firm s knowledge sourcing strategies and performance. A total of 188 companies replied, yielding a response rate of 26.8%. Due to incomplete data, 12 responses were eliminated, leaving 176 responses for the final analysis. Since all independent variables were measured using continuous variables, supermodularity function was used to test the hypotheses based on the cross partial derivative of payoff function. The results indicated no significant impact of internal-oriented sourcing strategies while positive impact of external-oriented sourcing strategy on small firm performance. This intriguing result could be explained on the basis of various resource and capital constraints of small firms. Small firms typically have restricted financial and human resources. They do not have enough assets to always develop knowledge internally. Another possible explanation is competency traps or core rigidities. Building up a knowledge base based on internal knowledge creates core competences, but at the same time, excessive internal focused knowledge exploration leads to behaviors blind to other knowledge. Interestingly, this study found that Internal- and external-oriented knowledge sourcing strategies had a substitutive relationship, which was inconsistent with previous studies that suggested complementary relationship between them. This result might be explained using organizational identification theory. Internal organizational members may perceive external knowledge as a threat, and tend to ignore knowledge from external sources because they prefer to maintain their own knowledge, legitimacy, and homogeneous attitudes. Therefore, integrating knowledge from internal and external sources might not be effective, resulting in failure of improvements of firm performance. Another possible explanation is small firms resource and capital constraints and lack of management expertise and absorptive capacity. Although the integration of different knowledge sources is critical, high levels of knowledge sourcing in many areas are quite expensive and so are often unrealistic for small enterprises. This study provides several implications for research as well as practice. First this study extends the existing knowledge by examining the substitutability (and complementarity) of knowledge sourcing strategies. Most prior studies have tended to investigate the independent effects of these strategies on performance without considering their combined impacts. Furthermore, this study tests complementarity based on the productivity approach that has been considered as a definitive test method for complementarity. Second, this study sheds new light on knowledge management research by identifying the relationship between knowledge sourcing strategies and small firm performance. Most current literature has insisted complementary relationship between knowledge sourcing strategies on the basis of data from large firms. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, this study identifies substitutive relationship between knowledge sourcing strategies using data from small firms. Third, implications for practice highlight that managers of small firms should focus on knowledge sourcing from external-oriented strategies. Moreover, adoption of both sourcing strategies simultaneousiy impedes small firm performance.