• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1997

A nondestructive quality inspection technique using acoustic impulse response method was studied to investigate the feasibility of egg shell inspection. An experimental system was built to generate impact force, to measure the response signal and to analyze the frequency spectrum. This system includes an impulse generating unit, an egg holding seat, a microphone with preamplifier, and a digital oscilloscope connected to Personal Computer by RS-232C interface. The factors such as impulse generating method, egg holding method, and sensor location were evaluated by analyzing the power spectrum density of the measured signal. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. From the sampled eggs, the proper conditions for detecting damaged eggs were found as followings; ceramic for the impact ball material, rubber for egg seat material, 20 degrees for an impact angle of pendulum, 10mm for the distance between egg and sensor, the sharp side for impacting part, and 180 degrees for the location of sensor. 2. Examination of the Fourier transformed analysis in beth normal and damaged eggs revealed that those factors such as the resonant frequency, a number of peak frequencies and the magnitude of power spectrum were important to detect damaged eggs.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2005

성능에 기초한 설계법에서는 비선형 응답산정이 필수적이다. 이를 위한 해석법으로는 비선형 시간이력해석, 비선형 정적해석 혹은 비선형의 영향을 고려한 등가정적해석 등이 있다. 비선형 응답을 산정하기 위한 가장 정확한 해석방법은 비선형 시간이력해석법이지만, 많은 시간과 노력을 필요로 한다. 비선형 직접스펙트럼법은 pushover곡선으로부터 구조물의 선형 진동주기와 항복강도를 구한 다음, 반복계산 없이 비선형 응답을 직접 산정하는 약산법이다. 본 연구에서는 비선형 약산법들의 정확성과 신뢰성을 다양한 지진과 전단형 건물의 여러 가지 조건에 대해 검토하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 1) 선형 능력스펙트럼법에 의한 약산응답들은 수렴하는 해를 구하지 못하거나 발산하는 경우가 발생하며 수렴하더라도 큰 오차가 발생하는 경우가 있으며, 지진별로 오차의 편차가 크다. 2) 비선형 능력스펙트럼법은 능력스펙트럼법보다 계산량이 크게 줄어들고, 해는 구해지나 요구곡선의 특성으로 정확한 해를 구하기 어려울 수 있으며, 전반적으로 큰 오차가 발생한다. 3) 비선형 직접스펙트럼법은 다른 약산법들에 비해 추가적이고 반복적인 계산과정 없이 pushover곡선과 비선형 응답스펙트럼으로부터 비교적 정확한 값을 직접 구할 수 있으므로 실용적인 방법으로 사료된다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 2000
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• pp.455-462
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• 2000

In this study seismic response of a base-isolated bridge for soil types is compared. Bilinear model is used for lead rubber bearing(LRB). Accelerograms whose response spectrum matches the design spectrum for soil types are used as earthquake ground excitation. Nonlinear time history analyses using the SAP2000 program is performed. The results show that seismic response of a base-isolated bridge is increased as the soil becomes soft.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2005

This paper describes shock waveform synthesis methods for a shock response spectnlm over a short time interval with which intereference between parts within a test item is increased to perform a sufficient shock test for damage or malfunction which may be caused by the interference between parts, and a digital filter for obtaining a shock response history required for the shock waveform synthesis and a digital inverse filter for restoration by inversely using the digital filter. The time at which the maximax value occurs in the response history is detected in order to establish a delay time which is one of the parameters in the wavelet, on the condition that the natural frequency of SDOF system with a Q (quality factor) of 10 equals to the wavelet frequency of the zero delay wavelet input. A shock response spectrum over a short time interval and an abrupt change in the acceleration for an instant are illustrated as features of the synthesized waveform.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권3호
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• pp.293-306
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• 2019

In current seismic design codes, various elastic design acceleration spectra are defined considering different seismological and soil characteristics and are widely used tool for calculation of seismic loads acting on structures. Response spectrum analyses directly use the elastic design acceleration spectra whereas time history analyses use acceleration records of earthquakes whose acceleration spectra fit the design spectra of seismic codes. Due to the fact that obtaining coherent structural response quantities with the seismic design code considerations is a desired circumstance in dynamic analyses, the response spectra of earthquake records used in time history analyses had better fit to the design acceleration spectra of seismic codes. This paper evaluates structural response distributions of multi-story reinforced concrete frames obtained from nonlinear time history analyses which are performed by using the scaled earthquake records compatible with various elastic design spectra. Time domain scaling procedure is used while processing the response spectrum of real accelerograms to fit the design acceleration spectra. The elastic acceleration design spectra of Turkish Seismic Design Code 2007, Uniform Building Code 1997 and Eurocode 8 are considered as target spectra in the scaling procedure. Soil classes in different seismic codes are appropriately matched up with each other according to $V_{S30}$ values. The maximum roof displacements and the total base shears of considered frame structures are determined from nonlinear time history analyses using the scaled earthquake records and the results are presented by graphs and tables. Coherent structural response quantities reflecting the influence of elastic design spectra of various seismic codes are obtained.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.871-877
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• 2007

최근 발생한 오대산지진(2007년 1월 20일)으로부터 관측된 지반진동 파형을 이용하여 응답스펙트럼을 분석하였으며, 결과를 국내 원자력 관련 구조물의 내진설계 기준과 비교하였다. 연구에 이용된 지반진동 개수는 수평성분 및 수직성분 각각 21개 및 8개이다. 지반진동을 이용하여 주파수별 지반응답을 구하고 정규화 분석 및 통계적 분석을 하였다. 본 연구결과를 국내 원자력시설물의 내진기준에 해당하는 Reg. Guide 1.60과 비교한 결과 특히 약 10 Hz 이상의 고주파수 영역에서 수직 및 수평 성분 모두 MPOSD스펙트럼이 Reg. Guide 1.60보다 높은 값을 보여 주었다. 따라서 향후 국내 지진활동 실정에 적합한 내진설계를 위해 수직 및 수평 성분 모두 10Hz 이상의 고주파수 대역에서 응답스펙트럼 값을 심각하게 고려할 필요가 있다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 노후된 중소규모 RC슬래브 교량에 대한 응답계수를 분석하였다. 이 응답계수는 진동수 기반 교량의 내하력 예측 모델에서 중요한 변수이며, 정적 및 동적 응답계수로 구성되어 있다. 정적 및 동적 응답계수는 교량의 현재와 이전(또는 설계) 상태의 진동수 변화와 충격 계수 변화에 따라 각각 결정된다. 여기서 충격계수 변화는 충격계수 응답스펙트럼에서 교량의 고유진동수에 따라 산출된다. 본 연구에서 고려한 총 4개의 대상교량은 지간길이가 12 m이고 시공 후 30년 이상 된 RC슬래브 노후 교량이다. 진동수 분석을 위해 덤프 트럭을 이용한 현장 동적 재하시험과 설계기반 FE모델을 이용한 고유치 해석을 통해 교량의 현재 및 설계 상태의 고유 진동수를 각각 도출하였다. 충격계수 응답스펙트럼 개발에 있어서 좀 더 현실적인 조건을 반영하기 위해 3축이동하중과 단순지지 및 양단고정 조건을 고려하였다. 분석 결과 응답계수는 0.21에서 0.91까지 광범위하게 분포하였고, 정적 응답계수가 총 응답계수 결과에 크게 기여한 반면 동적 응답계수는 결과에 작은 영향을 미쳤다. 1축 이동하중과 단순지지 조건에서의 응답계수와 비교해 보았을 때 최대 오차는 약 3%미만으로 매우 작게 나타났다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.396-404
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• 2005

Nonlinear responses of structures may be obtained through three different methods. They are time-history analysis techniques, response spectrum method, and R-factor method. The nonlinear response spectrum method is frequently used in the practice, because the time history analysis method is time-consuming and complicated. There are two different approaches in obtaining the nonlinear response spectrum, which results in "constant displacement ductility spectra" and "constant damage spectra", respectively. The nonlinear response spectra of the various time-histories had been computed and the results were comparatively evaluated in this study. The study results showed that the existing constant displacement ductility spectra can induce unconservative design especially for the structures on soft soil base. This unconservatism can be removed by using the newly proposed constant damage spectra.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2018

Severe earthquakes can cause damage to society both socially and economically. An appropriate initial response can alleviate damage from severe earthquakes. In order to formulate an appropriate initial response, it is necessary to identify damage situations in societies; however, it is difficult to grasp this information immediately after an earthquake event. In this study, an earthquake damage assessment methodology for buildings is proposed for estimating damage situations immediately after severe earthquakes. A response spectrum database is constructed to provide response spectra at arbitrary locations from earthquake measurements immediately after the event. The fragility curves are used to estimate the damage of the buildings. Earthquake damage assessment is performed from the response spectrum database at the building scale to provide enhanced damage condition information. Earthquake damage assessment for Gyeongju city and Pohang city were conducted using the proposed methodology, when an earthquake occurred on September 12, 2016, and November 15, 2017. Results confirm that the proposed earthquake damage assessment effectively represented the earthquake damage situation in the city to decide on an appropriate initial response by providing detailed information at the building scale.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.623-629
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• 2002

The spectrum of impulse response signal from an impulse hammer testing is widely used to obtain frequency response function(FRF) of the structure. However the FRFs obtained from impact hammer testing have not only leakage errors but also finite record length errors when the record length for the signal processing is not sufficiently long. The errors cannot be removed with the conventional signal analyzer which treats the signals as if they are always steady and periodic. Since the response signals generated by the impact hammer are transient and have damping, they are undoubtedly non-periodic. It is inevitable that the signals be acquired for limited recording time, which causes the finite record length error and the leakage error. In this paper, the errors in the frequency response function of multi degree of freedom system are formulated theoretically. And the method to remove these errors is also suggested. This method is based on the optimization technique. A numerical example of 3-dof model shows the validity of the proposed method.