• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.1785-1792
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• 2013

척수손상환자들에게 호흡기계 합병증의 발생률과 이로 인한 사망률은 여전히 높은 비율을 차지하고 있으며, 이 중 폐렴이 가장 주요한 사망의 원인이 되고 있다. 본 연구는 남자 경수손상환자들에게 들숨근 강화를 목적으로 한 호흡운동이 호흡기능 및 삶의 질 향상에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 연구대상은 마비수준 C4-C6의 아급성, 만성 경수손상 환자 중 현재 흡연을 하지 않는 남자 환자 17명이었으며, 주 3회, 총 6주간 들숨근 강화훈련을 실시하였다. 훈련 전후에 호흡곤란척도와 삶의 질을 자가측정 하였다. 연구 결과 호흡기능변화는 만성군에서만 유의한 감소(p<0.01)가 있었다. 삶의 질 변화에서는 아급성군은 VT(활력)에만 유의한 향상(p<0.05)이 있었고, 만성군은 GH(전반적인 건강상태), BP(통증), VT(활력)에서 유의한 향상(p<0.05, p<0.01)이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 들숨근 강화훈련이 호흡곤란을 경감시키고 삶의 질을 향상시켰다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2006

Background and Objectives : Training of breath support and laryngeal muscles control are important components in the development of the singing voice. The purpose of this study is to compare characteristics of respiratory and phonatory control on pitch, loudness, register change with untrained males and trained male singers. Materials and Methods : The 11 untrained males and 11 trained male singers participated. Closed Quotient(CQ), fundamental frequency (fo) and relative volume contribution of the rib cage (in percentage rib cage, % RC) and relative volume contribution of abdomen (in percentage abdomen, % AB) were measured during various pitch, loudness, register tasks using /a/ vowel phonation : Legato, staccato with C3-D3-E3-F3-G3 notes and crescendo and decrescendo with C3 note as well as modal register with C3 and falsetto register with C4 note using an integrated analysis system of Respiration, EGG and Voice. Results : (1) When pitch increased with legato task, loudness also increased in untrained male group but maintained in trained male singers. CQ was also increased both untrained and trained male singers but it was not significantly different ($p>.05$). The abdomen contribution to lung volume were significantly predominant both in inhalation and exhalation in trained males singers ($p<.05$). (2) When pitch increased with staccato task, CQ was not significantly different in untrained but significantly different in trained male singers. The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$) (3) When loudness increased with crescendo, fo was significantly increased with increasing CQ in untrained males but fo was relatively consistent with increasing CQ in trained male singers. The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$). (4) Most male singers were able to change register from modal to falsetto register, but untrained males were not. Thus, CQ was significantly different between modal and falsetto register in trained male singers ($p<.05$). The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$). Conclusion : Male singers were superior to untrained males in coordination of respiratory and phonatory control on pitch, loudness, register change. Implication are offered regarding how the results might be applied to the voice therapy as well as singing training.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2015

목 적 : 외부표지자 호흡움직임 측정 장치(RPM; Real-time Position Management, Varian Medical System, USA)를 이용한 간암 호흡동조 방사선치료 시 호흡신호와 방사선 조사 시간 및 실제 조사된 호흡위상을 분석하여 호흡움직임 측정 장치를 이용한 호흡동조 방사선 치료의 정확도를 평가하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 2014년 5월부터 9월까지 Novalis Tx.(Varian Medical System, USA)와 RPM을 이용하여 간암 호흡동조 방사선치료(Duty Cycle 20%, Gating window 40% ~ 60%)를 시행한 환자 총 16명의 치료 시 기록된 호흡움직임을 분석하였다. RPM에 기록된 외부표지자의 호흡움직임을 후행적 분석을 통해 호흡위상으로 재구성하였으며, 재구성된 호흡위상을 이용하여 기록된 Beam-on Time과 Duty Cycle에 대해 RPM을 사용한 호흡동조 방사선치료의 예측 정확도를 분석하고, 호흡움직임의 재현성에 따른 Duty Cycle과 예측 정확도의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환자 16명의 치료계획 시와 실제 치료 시 호흡주기 차이는 평균 -0.03초(범위 -0.50초 ~ 0.09초)로 분석되었으며 두 호흡간의 통계적 차이는 확인할 수 없었다(p=0.472). 치료 시 평균 호흡주기는 4.02 sec (${\pm}0.71sec$), 치료 중 호흡주기 표준편차의 평균값은 7.43%(범위 2.57% ~ 19.20%)로 분석되었다. 실제 Duty Cycle은 평균 16.05%(범위 13.78% ~ 17.41%)로 나타났고 이 중 후행적 분석을 통해 평균 56.05%(범위 39.23% ~ 75.10%)가 계획된 호흡위상(40% ~ 60%)에서 조사되었음을 확인하였다. 호흡주기의 표준편차와 Duty Cycle과 계획된 호흡위상에서 조사된 비율의 상관관계는 각각 -0.156 (p=0.282)와 -0.385 (p=0.070)으로 분석되었다. 결 론 : 본 연구는 실제 치료 중 기록된 외부표지자의 호흡움직임을 후행적으로 분석하여 치료 중 호흡움직임의 재현성 및 Duty Cycle, 계획된 호흡동조창에서의 실제 치료 비율 등을 확인하였다. 4DCT를 이용한 치료계획과의 오차를 최소화하고 효율적인 치료를 위해 호흡훈련 및 호흡신호 모니터링의 강화가 필요 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권6호
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• pp.794-798
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• 2018

There is a growing need for a care system that can continuously monitor, manage and effectively relieve stress for modern people. In recent years, mobile healthcare devices capable of measuring heart rate have become popular, and many stress monitoring techniques using heart rate variability analysis have been actively proposed and commercialized. In addition, respiratory biofeedback methods are used to provide stress relieving services in environments using mobile healthcare devices. In this case, breathing information should be measured well to assess whether the user is doing well in biofeedback training. In this study, we extracted the heart beat interval signal from the PPG and used the oscillator based notch filter based on the IIR band pass filter to track the strongest frequency in the heart beat interval signal. The respiration signal was then estimated by filtering the heart beat interval signal with this frequency as the center frequency. Experimental results showed that the number of breathing could be measured accurately when the subject was guided to take a deep breath. Also, in the timeing measurement of inspiration and expiration, a time delay of about 1 second occurred. It is expected that this will provide a respiratory biofeedback service that can assess whether or not breathing exercise are performed well.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Purpose: This research aims to facilitate a smooth transition from KCD-8 to ICD-11 through the study of ICD-11. Research design, data and methodology: Skilled Health Information Managers (HIMs) in Korea performed manual mapping and conducted a study of the code structure of ICD-11 chapters 11 and 12. Results: When comparing the granularity between ICD-11 and KCD-8, 58.1% of ICD-11 codes showed higher granularity, and 38.6% had similar granularity. The granularity of the circulatory system was higher than that of the respiratory system. When comparing the KCD-8 codes mapped by ICD-11 with the total 924 KCD-8 codes, it was found that about 50% of KCD-8 codes were not mapped to ICD-11. This means that 50% of diseases in the KCD-8 do not have individual codes as they did in ICD-11. Conclusions: ICD-11 demonstrated high granularity, indicating its effectiveness in describing cutting-edge medical technology in modern society. However, we also observed that some diseases were removed from KCD-8, while others were added to ICD-11. To ensure smooth statistics transition from KCD8 to ICD-11, especially for leading domestic diseases, integrated management, including the preparation of KCD-9 reflecting ICD-11 and ICD-11 training, will be necessary through the analysis of new codes and the removal of codes.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.732-745
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• 2009

Objectives : This study analyzed the contents of research papers of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) concerning chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) published in PubMed during the last 5 years. This study was conducted to help clinical studies for treating COPD with Oriental medicine. Materials and Methods : We inspected 31 theses and scrutinized their objectives, periods, participants, materials and methods, methods of assessment, results and Jadad score. Results : The treatments in the studies were supplements, physical training, acupuncture, acu-TENS, Bojungikgi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang), counseling, breathing training, osteopathic manipulative treatment, reflexology, and distractive auditory stimuli. The aims of treatment were improvement of exercise capacity, lung function, quality of life, oxidative status, nutrient status, systemic inflammation, and cessation of smoking. The median for treatment period of study was 8 weeks, the median number of participants was 35 and the differences between mean $FEV_1$ from groups were less than 10% in 22 studies. The methods of assessment were lung function test, exercise capacity test, muscle strength test, questionnaire of QoL, laboratory studies, and measurement of nutrient state. The mean of Jadad score was $2.4\;{\pm}\;1.03$, and 24 treatment were assessed as effective. Conclusion : Recent CAM studies of COPD have focused on various topics in alternative and complementary medicine, and it is necessary to provide objective studies for treatment of this disease with Oriental medicines.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2017

Chicken production remains the foremost endeavor in the Nigerian livestock industry. However, disease incidence has been a major constraint on the growth of this subsector. This study assessed health management practices and disease incidence in smallholder chicken production enterprise in Southwest Nigeria using data from a farm survey of 240 farmers selected using a multistage sampling technique from 5 of 6 states in Southwest Nigeria. The study showed that vaccination was given by 96.8% of the famers, 97.8% dewormed their chickens, and 92.9% disinfected the coops against diseases. However, 37% of the farmers regularly consulted veterinarians, 25.7% consulted them during disease outbreaks, and 34.2% occasionally consulted veterinarians. Infectious bursal disease (IBD), coccidiosis, and chronic respiratory disease (CRD) were the major diseases reported by 17.1%, 12.9%, and 7.1% of the farmers, respectively. Mortality rate was 37.8%, although this varied with disease. However, there was a growth of 157.4% in stock size between the establishment of the farms and the survey period.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.351-362
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• 2016

Domestic sewing industry is showing signs of a redevelopment and the demands of the sewing technician are gradually increasing. This study would investigate the opinions of sewing technicians about job environments and training situation in order to solve the shortage of sewing manpower. As a result of a survey with 100 sewing technicians, of the pay systems, the salary system showed the highest satisfaction and preference. Their satisfaction with pay was low. There was a tendency that they work on Saturdays and national holidays, and their satisfaction with the number of holidays was low. Most worked for 10 to 11 hours per day, and they showed low satisfaction with their working hours. There were no places to rest in the company. They showed law satisfaction with the air and vent. The sewing technicians were concerned about respiratory and musculoskeletal diseases because of the working and workplace environment and needed places to rest, vent facilities, and spacious and comfortable spaces. The total lead-time that they were sent to the field as skilled workers was 1 to less than 2 years; they received training from seniors; and the training period, mostly, was 6 months to 2 years. Most of the sewing technicians surveyed had the expertise, did not feel the necessity of retraining related to their tasks, and did not have any willingness to take reorientation due to a lack of time even with their tasks.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1041-1050
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• 2009

Equine respiratory disease is a common cause of poor performance and training interruptions. The higher incidence rate of infectious upper respiratory disease (IURD) in thoroughbred racehorses at the Seoul Race Park coincided with the frequent stabling season, shorter stabling periods, and younger ages in this study. Incidence rates were also correlated with significantly lower proportions of cells expressing MHC class II-, CD2 antigen-, $CD4^+$- or $CD8^+$-T lymphocyte-, and B lymphocyte in IURD patients compared with healthy control groups in the summer and fall and in 2-and-3-year-old groups. The data suggested that movement and new environments may have resulted in immunosuppression and inappropriate responses to respiratory pathogens in IURD patients. The IURD incidence decreased with age, perhaps by the acquisition of immunity, and study results suggested that immunologic protection was associated with IURD, particularly in young thoroughbred racehorses. Streptococci isolates were identified in 11 of 72 IURD horses, and 3 of these isolates were identified as Streptococcus. equi subsp. equi. S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus was isolated from 2 of 23 IURD horses in the spring (8.7%), 5 of 23 in the summer (21.7%), and 1 of 6 in winter (16.7%). S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus (5%) was also identified in 3 of 61 isolates from clinically normal horses. Racetracks should implement anti-IURD protective measures by assessing the capacity of equine immunologic protection at the Park and by limiting the introduction of specific respiratory pathogens (such as S. equi subsp. equi) by preventing the access of infected but subclinical horses with a specified respiratory pathogen-free certification system prior to Park entry.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.730-737
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• 1999

A national animal health monitoring system(NAHMS) in Gyeongnam area was started from 1997 to develop statistically valid data for use in estimating disease frequencies in dairy cattle, and the associated costs. The objectives of this study were to : (1) discribe what was done to implement and maintain the system in Gyeongnam ; (2) present selected disease frequencies ; (3) discuss the epidemiological consideration of what was done and implications for the results obtained. Veterinary Medical Officers(VMOs-professors and graduate students from Gyeongsang National University, Faculty of Gyeongnam Livestock Promotion Institute, and Clinic veterinarians) served as data collectors. After training on current disease and management problems of dairy cattle, interview techniques, sampling methods, and data collection instruments, the VMOs participated in selection of the sample herds and data gathering. Forty of 167 dairy herds were selected randomly and the VMOs visited farms once a month for 12 months to collect data about management, disease, inventory, production, preventive treatment, financial and any other relevant data. Strict data quality control devices were used. Specific feed-back was developed for the producers and data collectors. Of the three age groups studied, cows had the greatest number of disease problems. The six disorders found most frequently were (from the highest to the lowest) breeding problems, clinical mastitis, birth problems, gastrointestinal problems. metabolic problems, and lameness. In young stock, respiratory, multiple system, breeding problems, and gastrointestinal problems were pre dominant, whereas in calves, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and integumental problems were major.