• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제79권4호
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• pp.234-240
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• 2016

Transmission of tuberculosis (TB) is a recognized risk to patients and healthcare workers in healthcare settings. The literature review suggests that implementation of combination control measures reduces the risk of TB transmission. Guidelines suggest a three-level hierarchy of controls including administrative, environmental, and respiratory protection. Among environmental controls, installation of ventilation systems is a priority because ventilation reduces the number of infectious particles in the air. Natural ventilation is cost-effective but depends on climatic conditions. Supplemented intervention such as air-cleaning methods including high efficiency particulate air filtration and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation should be considered in areas where adequate ventilation is difficult to achieve. Personal protective equipment including particulate respirators provides additional benefit when administrative and environmental controls cannot assure protection.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 1997

This experiment was performed in order to study the effects of haepyoyijintang on the injured tracheal tissue induced $SO_{2}$ in rats. Healthy adult male rats weighting about 250g were divided into 4 groups-the Normal group, the Control group, the group of Haepyoyijintang administration for 5days after $SO_{2}$gas exposure (Sample I), and the group of Haepyoyijintang adiministration for 10 days before and for 5days after $SO_{2}$ gas exposure (Sample II). The results were obtained as follows; 1. In the trachea Control group, the lesion of the ciliated epithelium was and the mucus secretion of the respiratory tract was increased iginificantly. 2. In the trachea of SampleIgroup, the lesion of the ciliated epithelium and the mucus secretion of the respiratory tract were decreased compared with Control group. 3. In the trachea of SampleIIgroup, the lesion of the ciliated epithelium and the mucus secretion of the respiratory tract were decreased compared with Control and Sample Igroup. According to the above results, Haepyoyijintang has significant effects on the injuried tracheal tissu caused by $SO_{2}$ in rats.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine whether respiratory physical therapy might increase the pulmonary function of the patients with stroke or not. Twenty patients with stroke were randomly assigned to experimental and control group. During four weeks, both groups participated in the conventional physical therapy and only the experimental group added in a program of respiratory physical therapy. Respiratory physical therapy consisted of chest mobilization, resistive ventilatory muscle training used the method of PNF technique and relaxed diaphragm breathing. Baseline and post-test measurements were made of vital capacity. inspiratory capacity, expiratory reserve volume, farced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, $FE1/FVC(\%)$ and maximal voluntary ventilation. Ater four weeks, the experimental group showed the significant improvement in VC(p<.05). FVC(p<.05), FFV1(p<.05) md MVV(p<.05). However, the controll group showed no significant differnece. As compared th the relationship of dependent variables between the experimental group and control group. experimental group showed the significant difference in VC(p<.01), FEV1(p<.05) and MVV(p<.05). These findings suggest that respiratory physical therapy can be used to improve pulmonary function in stroke patients. Also, respiratory physical therapy should be performed for at least four weeks and be followed by the continuous respiratory exercise programs.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.349-359
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was two-fold : to describe the level of recognition of nosocomial respiratory infections by ICU nurses and to compare self evaluation and objective evaluation of nosocomial respiratory infection control practices by ICU nurses. Method: Data were collected from 78 nurses in intensive care units in one university affiliated hospital in Kyung Ki Province. Data were collected from March 4 to March 18, 2002. The recognition and self evaluation data were collected through a self report questionnaire and an objective evaluation which was done by observing the actual behavior of the nurses. Result: The results of this study showed that there was a significant positive relationship between recognition scores and self evaluation scores. However, there was no significant relationship between level of recognition and objective evaluation, nor between self evaluation and objective evaluation of infection control Practices by ICU nurses. Conclusion: ICU nurses In this study gave higher scores on self evaluation of their practice than were shown in the observation evaluation of actual practice. Moreover, in the objective evaluation the nurses had the lowest score on the item, 'washing hands before taking care of patients'. The results indicate that it is necessary to develop a standardized practice manual on nosocomial respiratory infection control in the ICU. Also, it is necessary to have a program to transfer knowledge into actual practice.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.200-204
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• 1991

Neurolytic splanchnic nerve block is a relatively safe and effective method for the relief of intractable pain caused by upper abdominal cancer. We have experienced a case of severe acute respiratory failure during splanchnic nerve block under control of X-ray fluoroscopy. We think that the most likely cause of the acute respiratory failure was an asthmatic attack due to anxiety and dyspnea from the injury or stimulation of the diaphragm and pleura in this case.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.4187-4190
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• 2012

Aims and Background: To evaluate the efficacy of a combination of aprepitant and conventional antiemetic therapy in patients with advanced or recurrent lung cancer receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC). Methods: Patients with advanced or recurrent lung cancer who were treated with MEC regimens at the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, were included and classified into the following groups: control group (treatment: 5-HT3 receptor antagonists + dexamethasone) and aprepitant group (treatment: 5-HT3 receptor antagonists + dexamethasone + aprepitant). The presence or absence of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) was evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0; patients with grade 1 or above were considered positive for CINV. Food intake per day, completion of planned chemotherapy, and progression-free survival (PFS) achieved by chemotherapy were investigated. Results: The complete suppression rate of nausea in the aprepitant group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p = 0.0043). Throughout the study, the food intake in the aprepitant group was greater than that in the control group, with the rate being significantly higher, in particular, on day 5 (p = 0.003). The completion rate of planned chemotherapy was also higher in the aprepitant group (p = 0.042). PFS did not differ significantly, but tended to be improved in the aprepitant group. Conclusions: The aprepitant group showed significantly higher complete suppression of nausea, food intake on day 5, and completion of planned chemotherapy than the control group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1661-1675
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• 2016

Objectives: Can addition of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK1-RAs) be considered as an ideal strategy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)? Researchers differ on this question. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness and safety of NK1-RAs in preventing CINV. The primary end point was complete response (CR) in the acute, delayed, and overall phases after chemotherapy. Subgroup analyses evaluated the types of NK1-RAs, routines of administration, types of malignancies, regimens used in combination with NK1-RAs, and age of patients included in the studies. The incidences of different types of adverse events were also extracted to estimate the safety of NK1-RAs. Results: A total of 38 RCTs involving 13,923 patients were identified. The CR rate of patients receiving NK-RAs was significantly higher than patients in the control groups during overall phase (70.8% vs 56.0%, P<0.001), acute phase (85.1% vs 79.6%, P<0.001), and delayed phase (71.4% vs 58.2%, P<0.001). There were three studies including patients of children or adolescents, the CR rate was also significantly higher in the treatment group (overall phase: OR=2.807, P<0.001; acute phase: OR=2.863, P =0.012; delayed phase: OR=2.417, P<0.001). For all the other outcomes, patients in the NK1-RAs groups showed improvements compared to the control groups (incidence of nausea: 45.2% vs 45.9%, P<0.001; occurrence of vomiting: 22.6% vs 38.9%, P<0.001; usage of rescue drugs: 23.5% vs 34.1%, P<0.001). The pooled side effects from NK1-RAs did not significantly differ from previous reports and the toxicity rates in patients less than eighteen years old also did not diff between the two groups (P=0.497). However, we found that constipation and insomnia were more common in the patients of control groups, whereas diarrhea and hiccups were more frequently detected in patients receiving NK1-RAs. Conclusions: NK1-RAs improved the CR rate of CINV. They are effective for both adults and children. The use of NK1-RAs might be associated with the appearance of diarrhea and hiccups, while decreasing the possibility of constipation and insomnia.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the forced vital capacity and sway area of respiratory muscles taping with threshold inspiratory muscles training for 1 week. Methods: Nineteen stroke patients were divided into two groups: experimental group (respiratory muscles taping with threshold inspiratory muscles training, n=10) and control group (threshold inspiratory muscles training, n=9). Forced vital capacity tests were performed using a spirometer. The instrument records the forced vital capacity (FVC). COP excursion test was performed using Zebris. The instrument records the sway area. All tests were measured before and after intervention. Results: The experimental group and control group showed significant increase in FVC (p<0.05). The sway area showed a significant decrease only in the experimental group (p<0.05). The FVC and sway area was no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Threshold inspiratory muscles training is an effective intervention for improving FVC. Threshold inspiratory muscles training with respiratory taping is an effective intervention for improving FVC and sway area. Threshold inspiratory muscles training with respiratory taping can improve balance ability.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.496-508
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• 2020

This study reviews studies on the core stabilization of respiratory muscle training for the elderly health. Previous research data and presenting basic literature data suggest that respiratory activation is an important mechanism for core strengthening via exercise interventions for the elderly. The review found that first, the mechanism of improving the respiratory muscles weakened by aging to address the loss of core function due to old age sarcopenia among the elderly results entails promoting the autonomic nervous system by focusing on the respiratory muscle activation pattern, the core muscle sensation mobilized for body centering. Second, nerve roots, intraperitoneal pressure, and deep muscles in the trunk of the body can be promoted while controlling respiratory stimulation with cognitive feedback. Effortful inspiration increases the activation of respiratory assistive muscles and effortless exhalation can improve the core muscle mobilization by involving abdominal muscles. Third, through respiratory muscle training, the elderly can increase their awareness of spinal centering and improve the ability to control the deep core muscles that must be mobilized for core stabilization. In conclusion, respiratory muscle training to increase the utilization of the trunk muscles seems to be a useful core stabilization exercise for the elderly with chronic tension and joint degeneration.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제74권3호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2013

Background: Hemoptysis due to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) frequently develops in Korea where the prevalence of TB is intermediate. The effect of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) on the control of massive hemoptysis has been well known. This study is designed to identify the risk factors contributing to rebleeding after BAE in patients with TB. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated risk factors and the time for rebleeding after BAE in 72 patients presenting with hemoptysis. Results: The overall immediate success rate of BAE was 93.1% (67 of 72 patients). Of the 29 patients (40.3%) who showed rebleeding after BAE, 13 patients experienced rebleeding within 1 month, and 14 patients between 1 month to 1 year. The existence of a shunt in angiographic finding, aspergilloma, and diabetes mellitus were risk factors of rebleeding after BAE in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: BAE was very effective for obtaining immediate bleeding control in hemoptysis associated with active TB or post-TB sequelae. It is important to observe whether or not rebleeding occurs up to 1 year of BAE especially in TB patients with aspergilloma, DM, or a shunt. Even rebleeding can be managed well by second BAE.