• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제71권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2011

Background: Osteopontin (Opn) is recognized as an important adhesive bone matrix protein and a key cytokine involved in immune cell recruitment and tissue repair and remolding. However, serum levels of osteopontin have not been evaluated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the serum levels of osteopontin in patients experiencing COPD exacerbations and in patients with stable COPD. Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 22 healthy control subjects, 18 stable COPD patients, and 15 COPD with exacerbation patients. Serum concentrations of osteopontin were measured by the ELISA method. Results: Serum levels of osteopontin were higher in patients with acute exacerbation than with stable COPD and in healthy control subjects ($62.4{\pm}51.9ng/mL$, $36.9{\pm}11.1ng/mL$, $30{\pm}11ng/mL$, test for trend p=0.003). In the patients with COPD exacerbation, the osteopontin levels when the patient was discharged from the hospital tended to decrease compared to those at admission ($45{\pm}52.1ng/mL$, $62.4{\pm}51.9ng/mL$, p=0.160). Osteopontin levels significantly increased according to patient factors, including never-smoker, ex-smoker and current smoker ($23{\pm}5.7ng/mL$, $35.5{\pm}17.6ng/mL$, $58.6{\pm}47.8ng/mL$, test for trend p=0.006). Also, osteopontin levels showed a significantly negative correlation with forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$%) predicted in healthy controls and stable COPD patients (r=-0.389; p=0.013). C-reactive protein (CRP) was positively correlated with osteopontin levels in patients with COPD exacerbation (r=0.775; p=0.002). Conclusion: The serum levels of osteopontin increased in patients with COPD exacerbation and tended to decrease after clinical improvement. These results suggest the possible role of osteopontin as a biomarker of acute exacerbation of COPD.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2021

본 연구는 간호사를 대상으로 COVID-19에 대한 호흡기 감염관리 수행도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 시도되었다. 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 191명의 간호사로부터 일반적 특성, COVID-19 감염관리 지식, 불안, 피로도, 수행도를 파악하였다. 자료분석은 IBM SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, one way ANOVA, 상관분석, 다중회귀분석을 하였다. 본 연구에서 지식과 피로도는 양의 상관관계, 불안과 수행도는 음의 상관관계가 있었으며 COVID-19 호흡기 감염관리 수행도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 불안으로 나타났다. 간호사의 COVID-19 호흡기 감염관리 수행도를 향상시키기 위한 교육프로그램 개발 시 신종감염병에 대한 불안 정도를 관리할 수 있는 내용을 포함해야 할 것으로 보인다. 또한 간호사가 신종감염병 환자를 미리 간호해볼 수 있도록 역할극이나 시뮬레이션 교육방안 적용을 고려해 볼 필요가 있다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.443-448
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• 1996

The effects of Taheebo on the diabetic-piegnant rats and their fetus was investigated. It has been reported that diabetic condition of the pregnant rats can affect the process of liver formation and damage the respiratory function in the fetus. Therefore we investigated the effects of Taheebo on the prevention of liver damage and respiratory failure in the fetus and those results were compared with that of dexamethasone (DXM). In pregnant rats, streptozotocin(STZ, 45 mg/kg, 0.01 M citrate buffer) was injected into the pregnant rats on the third day of pregnancy. Methanol extracts of Taheebo(500 mg/kg p.o.) was administered once daily during pregnancy. DXM (10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g i.p.) was injected into the pregnant rats in 16th and 18th days of pregnancy. Body weights were measured and fetal number and abortion rate in pregnancy rats were determined. Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid and malondialdehyde, glycogen, triglyceride, protein and cholesterol levels in the liver homogenate were determined. Also blood glucose level was analyzed. Body weights of maternal rats were increased in the all groups except the DXM group. Fetal number of the Taheebo treated group was similar to the control group, and a significant increase in the body weights of fetus was observed in the STZ treated group and the Taheebo treated group compared with the control group. Blood glucose of fetus produced hypoglycemia in the control group and hyperglycemia in the diabetic-pregnant rats. The protein and cholesterol levels in fetus liver were significantly increased in the DXM treated group compared with the control group. Triglyceride content was significantly increased in all groups compared with the control group. Liver malondialdehyde level of fetus in the STZ treated group was similar to the control group. Glycogen level was significantly increased in the all groups compared with the control group. Methanol extract of Taheebo showed hypoglycemic effect on the pregnant rats. However, we could not observe any hypoglycemic effect on the fetus. There's no difference between the control and Taheebo treated group in terms of the levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, protein and glycogen in the fetus liver. Further study to identify the effect of Taheebo on the fetus is under investigation.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2016

Premature babies of less than 37 weeks gestation might require oxygen therapy as an integral part of treatment and respiratory support. Because of their under-developed lungs, these so-called "preemies" might contract respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). To treat RDS, neonatal oxygen therapy is administered, where controlled oxygen gas is measured as a fraction of inspired oxygen ($FiO_2$). However, exposure to high oxygen content during long treatment could cause oxygen intoxication, which might cause permanent blindness due to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), whereas insufficient oxygen exposure could cause severe hypoxia. A doctor would use oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$) data and prescribe a dose of $FiO_2$ to maintain $SpO_2$ within a suitable range. One objective is to maintain $SpO_2$ within the acceptable range using $FiO_2$ that is as low as possible. Adjustment of $FiO_2$ would normally be done by nurses every 15 to 30 minutes, which might not be safe in many situations. An error in $FiO_2$ adjustment during a manual procedure could be as large as +/- 2.5%. This paper presents a system that can determine an $FiO_2$ value suitable to the current $SpO_2$ and that automatically adjusts $FiO_2$ with an error clearance of +/- 0.25%.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.73-86
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• 1994

In addition to classic cholinergic and adrenergic pathways, the existence of a third division of autonomic control in the human airways has been proved. It is called a nonadrenergic noncholinergic(NANC) nervous system, and difficult to study in the absence of specific blockers. Neuropeptides are certainly suggested to be transmitters of this NANC nervous system. It is very frustrating to understand the pathophysiologic role of these peptides in the absence of any specific antagonists. However, further studies of neuropeptides might eventually lead to novel forms of treatment for bronchial asthma. Another study of the interaction between different components of the autonomic nervous system, either in ganglionic neurotransmission or by presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitters at the end-organ will elute neural control in airway disease, particularly in asthma. Studies of how autonomic control may be disordered in airway disease should lead to improvements in clinical management. Epithelial damage due to airway inflammation in asthma may induce bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Axon reflex mechanism is one of possible mechanisms in bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Epithelial damage may expose sensory nerve terminals and C-fiber nrve endings are stimulated by inflammatory mediators. Bi-directional communication between the nerves and mast cells may have important roles in allergic process. The psychological factors and conditioning of allergic reactions is suggested that mast cell activation might be partly regulated by the central nervous system via the peripheral nerves. Studies in animal models, in huamn airways in vitro and in patients with airway disease will uncover the interaction between allergic disease processes and psychologic factors or neural mechainsms.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.260-263
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• 1996

High spinal block is a rare complication during epidural block, but it may result in serious events. 56-year-old man with gall stones was scheduled for cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. After operation, lumbar epidural catheterization was done at $T_{8-9}$ interspace for postoperative pain control. At the recovery room, initial bolus drug (0.1% bupivacaine 10 ml containing fentanyl $100{\mu}g$) was administered via epidural catheter and observed carefully. 15 minutes later, hypotension and bradycardia ouccurred. Hartman' solution was administered rapidly and ephedrine 5 mg was injected. 30 minutes after drug administration, loss of consciousness and respiratory arrest developed. Tracheal intubation was done immediately. Cardiovascular and respiratory functions were monitored continuously. The location of intrathecal catheter was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seen in syringe after aspiration of catheter. The patient recovered gradually and was placed in the ward 4 hours after drug administration, without any problems. He was discharged 1 week later in good health.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.156-168
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of Pinelliae Rhizoma (PR) extract on immune cells and cytokines in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice. Methods : In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and handicapped by OVA for 12 weeks. During this experiment, the one group was then treated with PR extract for the 8 weeks (3 times per week) and analyzed by ELISA and flow cytometer. Results : In vivo, there were significant decreases in eosinophils, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IgE in BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) compared with that of control group. However, $IFN-{\gamma}$ in BALF of GS group increased significantly, compared with that of control group. Additionally, the population of $CD3e^-/CCR3^+,\;CD69^+/CD3e^+,\;IgE^+/B220^+,\;CD11b^+/Gr-l^+$ cells in the PR group decreased, compared with that of control group. Conclusion : The results of this study support a role for PR as an effective treatment for asthma in its experimental success in significantly decreasing inflammation and asthma reactions, and in increasing $IFN-{\gamma}$, which helps prevent such reactions.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2005

The present investigation was undertaken in vivo to determine whether the functional alterations of hepatic mitochondria induced by ethanol might be prevented by taurine. We examined the effects of supplementation of taurine on hepatic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the chronic ethanol-administered rats. Isolated hepatic mitochondria from three groups of rats were functionally tested by an analysis of $\beta-hydroxbutyrate-supported$ respiration and the coupling of this process to ATP synthesis in the presence of ADP. The three groups were control group(CO), ethanol(60g/L) administered group (AL), and ethanol (60g/L) + taurine (5g/L) supplemented group (AT). Ethanol and/or taurine were given in drinking water for 10 weeks. The mitochondria from AL group had lower state 4 respiratory rate, respiratory control (RC) ratio and ADP : O(P/O) ratio than those from CO and AT group. It showed that the ethanol administered rats were less coupled and thus less efficient with respect to mitochondrial ATP synthesis than both control rats and ethanol + taurine supplemented rats. It suggests that taurine supplementation might improve the impaired oxidative phosphorylation efficiency in mitochondrial dysfunction that is recognized as a cause of liver diseases in chronic ethanol consumption.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in South Korea in 2015 has drawn public attention regarding the legal regulation of infectious disease control in Korea. This paper discusses the interpretive and legislative concerns regarding the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act, its ordinance and enforcement regulations, as well as public statements from the relevant administrative agency. Future improvements are also proposed.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2015