• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 2000

Maekmoondong-Tang is prescription recorded on Zang‘s ${ulcorner}$Synopsis of the Golden Chamber${\lrcorner}$ for the first time. It can be used in abnormal rising of qi, asthma, swelling throat ect. So it is observed influence of Maekmoondong-Tang on respiratory aspect of allergic asthma patient, we have significant result and report it. We used egg-white and ovalbmuin (OVA) to induce asthma in experimental animals for observe what maekmoondong-Tang have an effect on asthma. And it is observed respiratory aspect and obtained next conclusions. 1. Number of total respiration in group that is prescribed Maekmoondong-Tang slightly increased than in control group. 2. Number of abnormal respiration in group that is prescribed Maekmoondong-Tang decreased than in control group significantly.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) respiratory muscle strengthening exercise on the pulmonary function, back pain, and disability level of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: There were 24 CLBP patients randomly divided into the experimental group (n = 12) who took part in PNF respiratory muscle strengthening exercise and the control group (n = 12) who performed a mock treatment. Both groups performed their respective interventions for 15 min five times per week for four weeks. The pulmonary function was measured using a portable spirometer. The back pain of the participants was assessed using a visual analogue scale. The Oswestry disability index was conducted to measure disability level. A paired t-test was performed to compare within-group changes before and after the PNF respiratory muscle strengthening exercise. Differences between the experimental and the control groups were analyzed using an independent t-test. For all tests, the level of statistical significance was α = 0.05. Results: The within-group change in pulmonary function was significantly different in the experimental group (p < 0.05), and the levels of back pain and disability were significantly different between the groups (p < 0.05). There was also a significant between-group difference in pulmonary function, back pain, and disability level after intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that PNF respiratory muscle strengthening exercise enhances pulmonary function and reduces levels of back pain and disability in patients with CLBP.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 2020

In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a well-known opportunistic infection and its management has been established. However, PCP is an emerging threat to immunocompromised patients without HIV infection, such as those receiving novel immunosuppressive therapeutics for malignancy, organ transplantation, or connective tissue diseases. Clinical manifestations of PCP are quite different between patients with and without HIV infections. In patients without HIV infection, PCP rapidly progresses, is difficult to diagnose correctly, and causes severe respiratory failure with a poor prognosis. High-resolution computed tomography findings are different between PCP patients with HIV infection and those without. These differences in clinical and radiological features are due to severe or dysregulated inflammatory responses that are evoked by a relatively small number of Pneumocystis organisms in patients without HIV infection. In recent years, the usefulness of polymerase chain reaction and serum β-D-glucan assay for rapid and non-invasive diagnosis of PCP has been revealed. Although corticosteroid adjunctive to anti-Pneumocystis agents has been shown to be beneficial in some populations, the optimal dose and duration remain to be determined. Recent investigations revealed that Pneumocystis colonization is prevalent and that asymptomatic carriers are at risk for developing PCP and can serve as the reservoir for the spread of Pneumocystis by airborne transmission. These findings suggest the need for chemoprophylaxis in immunocompromised patients as well as infection control measures, although the indications remain controversial. Because a variety of novel immunosuppressive therapeutics have been emerging in medical practice, further innovations in the diagnosis and treatment of PCP are needed.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.78-87
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity complex exercise program using whole-body vibration (WBV) and respiratory resistance on pain and dysfunction, psychosocial level, balance ability, and pulmonary function in low back pain (LBP) patients with high obesity. Design: A randomized controlled trial Methods: A total of 44 LBP patients withhigh obesity (body mass index, BMI≥30kg/m²) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=22) and a control group (n=22). Both groups underwent a lumbar stabilization exercise program. In addition, the experimental group implemented the high-intensity complex exercise program combined with WBV and respiratory resistance. In order to compare the effects depending on the intervention methods, numeric pain rating scale (NRPS), Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ), fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ), balance ability, and pulmonary function were used for measurement. Results: Both groups showed significant differences in NRPS, RMDQ, FABQ, balance ability before and after intervention (p<0.05). In addition, the experimental groupshowed significant difference in the amount of change in RMDQ, balance ability and pulmonary function values than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: High-intensity complex exercise program using WBV and respiratory resistance has been proven to be an effective and clinically useful method to decrease dysfunction, increase balance ablilty, and pulmonary function for LBP patients with high obesity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.579-589
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• 2002

Since the inception of the National Tuberculosis Control Program in 1962, the incidence of tuberculosis and its associated mortality has declined dramatically due to effective anti-tuberculosis drugs and a systematic control program. The prevalence of radiographically active tuberculosis has fallen from 5.1% in 1965 to 1.0% in 1995. However, tuberculosis is still a major problem, as the mortality rate is still higher compared to other developed countries. Furthermore, tuberculosis is currently re-emerging in HIV/AIDS epidemic countries. In order to lower the tuberculosis death rate to the levels of developed countries, the tuberculosis control efforts in private healthcare institutions and the national tuberculosis control program in the public sector, need to work together more effectively and efficiently. In this paper, the quthor reviewed the current situation regarding tuberculosis management in private healthcare institutions of Korea based on the literature and the National Health Insurance Claim data, and the future tasks of tuberculosis management are suggested.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 1984

The influences of acute respiratory and metabolic acid-base disturbances on the carotid, renal and coronary blood flow were measured in dogs. Respiratory acidosis was induced by artificial respiration with 8% CO2 -02 gas mixture and respiratory alkalosis was induced by hyperventilation under the control of respirator. Metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis were induced by intravenous infusion of 0.3N hydrochloric acid and 0.6M sodium bicarbonate solution. To observe the effect of hyperkalemia, isotonic potassium chloride solution was infused. CVI electromagnetic flowmeter probes were placed on the left common carotid artery, left renal artery and left circumflex coronary artery. Each flow was recorded on polygraph. 1. The carotid blood flow showed rapid showed rapid and marked increase in acute respiratory acidosis. Even in the cases when arterial blood pressure was lowered during the state of respiratory acidosis, carotid blood flow increased. By the infusion of hydrochloric acid, carotid blood flow increased slowly and returned to the previous label after discontinuation of the infusion. Carotid blood flow also increased by the infusion of large amount of sodium bicarbonate, but it might be the combined effect of expansion of extracellular fluid and compensatory elevation of carbon dioxide tension. 2.The renal blood flow remained unchanged during the acute acid-base disturbances, suggesting effective autoregulation. Renal blood flow, however, increased very slowly when the infusion of potassium chloride continued for a long period. 3.Although less marked than the carotid blood flow, the coronary blood flow increased in the acute respiratory and metabolic acidosis. In asphyxiated condition, coronary blood flow increased most markedly and this might be the combined effect of hypoxia, hypercapnea, and lowering of pH. In summary, the carotid blowflow showed more marked change in the acute respiratory and metabolic acidosis than the renal and coronary blood flow. Respiratory and metabolic components of acid-base disturbances may influence the local blood flow concomitantly, there being more differences in the individual responses, but respiratory component manifested more rapid and marked effect than metabolic component.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4033-4039
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• 2013

Links between cancer and metabolism have been suggested for a long time but compelling evidence for this hypothesis came from the recent molecular characterization of the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway as a tumor suppressor axis. Besides the discovery of somatic mutations in the LKB1 gene in certain type of cancers, a critical emerging point was that the LKB1/AMPK axis remains generally functional and could be stimulated by pharmacological molecules such as metformin in cancer cells. In addition, AMPK plays a central role in the control of cell growth, proliferation and autophagy through the regulation of mTOR activity, which is consistently deregulated in cancer cells. Targeting of AMPK/mTOR is thus an attractive strategy in the development of therapeutic agents against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this review, the LKB1/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway is described, highlighting its protective role, and opportunities for therapeutic intervention, and clinical trials in NSCLC.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.445-453
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of acute respiratory training feedback upon a change on HRV-Autonomic nervous system in middle-aged women. The research subjects were totally 24 middle-aged women(40-60 years old), were randomly allocated 12 people to the respiratory training group and 12 people to the control group, and then were carried out the acute respiratory training. The feedback exercise in the respiratory training group was conducted for totally 15 minutes. Following the 10-minute breath awareness training according to the expert's guidance, the 5-minute autonomous breathing exercise was implemented. The data analysis was carried out Repeated Measures ANOVA with SPSS WIN 20.0. The conclusions that were obtained through this are as follows. The middle-aged women got significantly higher in SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF after the acute respiratory training. Compared to the control group. the respiratory training group was indicated to have gotten higher significantly in SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF. Mean HR and LF/HF were not shown a significant difference in both the main effect of group & period and the interaction effect of group & period. Above of a result the acute respiratory training feedback is effective for SDNN, RMSSD, sympathetic activity, parasympathetic activity in the middle-aged women. Thereby, the respiratory training program improves autonomic nervous system, being considered to be possibly expected the effective value of exercise intervention available for relieving stress and recovering autonomic dysfunction in the middle-aged women.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 2008

A patient with respiratory disorders such as a sleep apnea is increasing as the obese patient increase on the modern society. Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) devices are used in curing patient with respiratory disorders and turn out to be efficacious for patients of 75%. However, these devices are required for evaluating their performance to improve their performance by the mechanical breathing simulator. Recently, the mechanical breathing simulator was studied by the real time feedback control. However, the mechanical breathing simulator by an open loop control was specially required in order to analyze the effect of flow rate and pressure after operating the breathing auxiliary devices. Therefore the aims of this study were to make the mechanical breathing simulator by a piston motion and a valve function from the characteristic test of valve and motor, and to duplicate the flow rate and pressure profiles of some breathing patterns: normal and three disorder patterns. The mechanical simulator is composed cylinder, valve, ball screw and the motor. Also, the characteristic test of the motor and the valve were accomplished in order to define the relationship between the characteristics of simulator and the breathing profiles. Then, the flow rate and pressure profile of human breathing patterns were duplicated by the control of motor and valve. The result showed that the simulator reasonably duplicated the characteristics of human patterns: normal, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), mild hypopnea with snore and mouth expiration patterns. However, we need to improve this simulator in detail and to validate this method for other patterns.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.238-243
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to confirm the validity of a respiratory retraining exercise using pressure biofeedback units among individuals with stroke as an effective intervention for improving quality of life. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty patients with stroke were recruited as subjects. Among them, 15 patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group performing lumbar stabilization exercise and respiratory retraining exercise, and the other 15 patients were randomly assigned to a control group conducting only lumbar stabilization exercises. Exercises were conducted 3 times a week for 6 weeks, and quality of life was evaluated in the pre-test, 3 weeks and 6 weeks periods. The respiratory retraining exercises were performed using a pressure biofeedback unit and the degree of the quality of life was measured using the Stroke- Specific Quality of Life. For data analysis on the study results, a two-way repeated ANOVA was used in order to observe for changes in the measured variables according to time for both groups. If there was a reciprocal action between the groups and the time in the effect test within the entities, a one-way repeated ANOVA was implemented and was statistically processed. Results: There was a significant difference in the main effect test between the 2 populations depending on the duration of the experiment (6 weeks) (p<0.05). Conclusions: The above results showed that respiratory retraining exercises may provide positive effects in the treatment of stroke as the quality of life showed significant differences according to the duration of treatment.