• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of lowintensity resistance exercise combined with blood flow restriction on muscle activity and muscle fatigue to determine if such a combination may be an alternative to high-intensity resistance exercise in maintaining the muscle mass and strength and preventing degenerative loss of skeletal muscle and to provide basic data for presenting the effectiveness of exercise. METHODS: The interventions were provided for five weeks, four sessions a week, once a day, 60 minutes a session to Experimental group I (n = 13), in which low-intensity resistance exercise was applied by combining blood flow restriction with the biceps curl and experimental group II (n = 12), in which only high-intensity resistance exercise was applied. As a pre-test, the biceps brachii muscle activity and fatigue were measured by surface electromyography, and the hemodynamic variables, such as blood pressure and heart rate, were measured. The post-test was performed identically to the pre-test and compared and analyzed with the pre-test. RESULTS: A significant difference within-group was observed in the biceps brachii muscle activity and fatigue in experimental group I and only in biceps brachii activity in experimental group II. No significant differences were observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Since the low-intensity resistance exercise combined with blood flow restriction has similar effects to high-intensity resistance exercise, it is considered an alternative for improving muscle function in groups unable to perform high-intensity resistance exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2023

PURPOSE: Recently, the proportion of respiratory diseases has been increasing worldwide, and deaths from respiratory diseases in Korea are increasing. Maintaining a healthy respiratory function is a crucial factor in preventing respiratory diseases. There are various ways to improve respiratory function, such as respiratory muscle and aerobic exercises. In other countries, respiratory muscle exercise is performed using a respiratory resistance mask, but such research is insufficient in Korea. Therefore, this paper proposes a respiratory exercise program using a respiratory resistance mask. METHODS: This study was conducted by dividing healthy adults in their 20s into a treadmill exercise + respiratory resistance mask group and a treadmill exercise group into an experimental group and a control group. The changes in the subject's physical function before and after exercise were confirmed by cardiopulmonary exercise and pulmonary function tests. RESULTS: As a result of the study, the experimental and control groups increased their physical function significantly (p < .05). On the other hand, when the increase rate according to the group was confirmed, the increase rate of the experimental group was higher. CONCLUSION: Based on this study, it is necessary to develop a respiratory exercise program using respiratory exercise tools such as a respiratory resistance mask and provide it easily to various subjects.

• Integrative Medicine Research
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.131-138
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• 2013

The skeletal muscle in our body is a major site for bioenergetics and metabolism during exercise. Carbohydrates and fats are the primary nutrients that provide the necessary energy required to maintain cellular activities during exercise. The metabolic responses to exercise in glucose and lipid regulation depend on the intensity and duration of exercise. Because of the increasing prevalence of obesity, recent studies have focused on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of obesity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Accumulation of intramyocellular lipid may lead to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. In addition, lipid intermediates (e.g., fatty acyl-coenzyme A, diacylglycerol, and ceramide) impair insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. Recently, emerging evidence linking obesity-induced insulin resistance to excessive lipid oxidation, mitochondrial overload, and mitochondrial oxidative stress have been provided with mitochondrial function. This review will provide a brief comprehensive summary on exercise and skeletal muscle metabolism, and discuss the potential mechanisms of obesity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2023

In this study, the absolute and relative strength of six upper extremity resistance exercises were measured by classifying resistance exercise experts and non-experts. As a result, the skilled group showed higher absolute and relative muscle strength than the unskilled group in the 6 upper extremity resistance exercises. These results are judged to be the hypertrophy of fast-twith muscles, the mobilization of motor units, and the increase in the speed of nerve conduction while the skilled person consistently performs resistance exercise. Experts use intermuscular coordination efficiently to stably perform the load according to the movement and exercise intensity performed during exercise, whereas the inexperienced person uses relatively large muscle groups rather than efficiently using intermuscular coordination. It is considered that exercise motion and load were performed by mobilizing. In addition, as a result of comparing the absolute and relative muscle strength between the 6 types of upper limb resistance exercises, there was a difference between the 6 types of upper limb resistance exercises in the two groups. It can be judged that greater muscle strength and endurance were created through liver coordination.

• Exercise Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.204-211
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• 2017

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise on serum inflammatory markers and CatSper 1-4 expression in testis of OLETF rats. METHODS: Male OLETF rats were divided into two groups; control group (n=12), resistance exercise group (n=12). The exercise group performed a total of 8 weeks of moderate intensity resistance exercise on a 1.35 m vertical ladder with weights secured to their tails. RESULTS: The results of this study was following; The exercise group showed a significant decreased in the inflammatory ($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$) levels as compared to the control group. But CRP was no significant difference between control and exercise groups. Also, CatSper 1 and 2 were significantly increased in the exercise group compared to the control group, whereas CatSper 3, 4 were no significant difference between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that resistance exercise training can contribute to reduce pro-inflammatory responses in whole body and it affects male reproductive function by improve sperm quality and CatSper protein expression.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to effect the upper extremities strength and ADL with upper extremities in frail elders. This study comparison upper extremities strength to pre-exercise and post-exercise and ADL with upper extremities. 30 elders who was in C silver hospital in Busan after resistance exercise during 12 weeks using elastic band, It was confirmed that improvement upper extremities strength and ADL with upper extremities after resistance exercise. As a result of study about effect of elastic band based resistance exercise on ADL of frail elders, it seems to have good effect on over all items(eating, dressing, bathing, make-up, go to a rest room). Therefore, it is necessary to find method about rehabilitation exercise for frail or partial disability elders.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.130-136
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the intensity of warm-up exercise on the physiological response and exercise performance during resistance exercise. For this purpose, 8 male college students with at least 1 year of experience in resistance movement were selected. The warm-up condition was set to NON condition (preparatory exercise not performed), 3 set condition, 6 set condition, and 9 set condition, and the intensity was different for each set. After warm-up, 75% 1RM of main exercise was performed, and blood pressure and heart rate were measured immediately after exercise to measure RPP. The number of repetitions and total work for each condition were measured as the number of repetitions and momentum during the main exercise. The measured data were analyzed by repeated measures two-way ANOVA. As a result, although there was no difference in Rate Pressure Product according to the warm-up conditions, the number of repetitions and total amount of exercise showed the highest in the 3-set condition. Therefore, it is thought that the number and intensity of warm-up exercises should be set appropriately during resistance exercise, and warm-up of 3 sets or more during resistance exercise is thought to decrease exercise performance.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2020

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term creatine intake on muscle fatigue induced by resistance exercise in healthy adolescent men, i.e., lactic acid concentration and wrist and head tremor measured by an accelerometer. [Methods] Twelve healthy adolescent men who had no experience with creatine intake were included. The subjects were randomly assigned to the creatine group and the placebo group, followed by 5 days of creatine and placebo intake, and 5 times of 5 sets of leg press, leg extension, bench press, and arm curl exercises at 70% repetition maximum (RM). The lactic acid concentration before and after exercising, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and accelerometer-based wrist tremor and head tremor during exercise were measured. Subsequently, after 7 days to allow for creatine washout, the same exercise treatment and measurement were performed in each group after switching drug and placebo between the groups. [Results] The level of lactic acid before and after the acute resistance exercise trial was significantly lower in the creatine group than in the placebo group (P <0.05). The mean RPE during the resistance exercise was significantly lower in the creatine group than in the placebo group (P <0.05). There was no difference between the two groups in the mean wrist tremor during resistance exercise, but the mean head tremor values were significantly lower in the creatine group than in the placebo group in the arm curl, the last event of the exercise trials (P <0.05). [Conclusion] Short-term creatine intake reduces the blood fatigue factor increased by resistance exercise, and is thought to suppress fatigue, especially in the latter half of resistance exercise. Therefore, these findings indicate that short-term creatine intake can have an improved effect on anaerobic exercise performance.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.691-700
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term endurance exercise or resistance exercise training on muscle anabolic/catabolic pathway. 50wks-old male Wistar rats(n=30) were randomly assigned for 3 groups (sedentary, endurance exercise, resistance exercise group). After 12-week of training, plantaris muscles were dissect to measure protein level. Akt/mTOR signal-related proteins were significantly increased only after resistance exercise training, but catabolic signal-related proteins, FoxO1 and MuRF1, were significantly decreased after resistance and endurance exercise training. After endurance exercise training, AMPK and PGC-1α protein levels were significantly increased. Therefore, the endurance exercise training has been shown to affect the protein balance of aging muscle through inhibition of muscle protein catabolism. The present results suggest the possibility that not only resistance exercise but also endurance exercise will be affectable to keep or increase muscle volume and capacity of middle-aged people.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Background: The bridge exercise prevents repeated damage to the tissues around the spine by reducing stimulus transmission to the ligaments and joint capsules, thereby alleviating back pain. It also contributes to strengthening the muscles of the lower extremities. Design: A Single Subject experience design. Methods: This study was conducted on 28 healthy adults in their 20s to 30s and conducted at St. Mary's Hospital in C City from May to July 2021. Four types of bridge exercise were performed in this study: the normal bridge exercise and bridge exercises with 0.5%, 1%, or 1.5% body weight resistance applied on the pelvis through manual resistance during the bridge exercise and to determine the effect of resistance applied in the bridge exercise on the activation of the trunk and lower extremities muscles. Results:This study showed that the muscle activity of the trunk and lower extremities improved significantly in response to stronger resistance when manual resistance equivalent to 0.5%, 1%, or 1.5% of body weight was applied during the bridge exercise compared to when the normal bridge exercise was performed. Conclusion: This study shows that manual resistance can be applied as an effective method of bridge exercise since muscle activity in the trunk and lower extremities increases when manual resistance causing isometric contraction is applied.