• 무역상무연구
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• 제29권
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• pp.89-119
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• 2006

The almost studies that is related to an e-Trade and an e-Marketplace only have been focused on the diffusion and acceptance since the innovation was adopted in markets. The existing studies failed to notice the resistance of innovation in the course of accepting innovation. The resistance of innovation, however, is not the contrary concept of acceptance, it is should be understood as a construct which can explain the course of the diffusion and acceptance. This study will be analysed as follows: First, nevertheless the resistance of users is important, it couldn't be presented systematically through acceptance of innovation, accordingly the concept of resistance of innovation will derive concept from review of literature researched on prior researches. Second, the factors which can be affected to the resistance of innovation of the main trade firms which use the e-Marketplace will draw. Third, we identify some of determinants that can affect to resistance of user by empirical study, also we investigate how participation can be affected by using a contingency variable. The independent variables used through researched review are the characteristic factors of trade e-Marketplace which was consisted of relative advantage, suitability and complexity, the characteristic factors of trade firms which was consisted of propensity of innovation and attitude, and the characteristic of service quality which was consisted of reliability and reaction. This research also examines the association between independent variables and the resistance of user(dependent variable) by using a variable on participation of user(moderator variable). The sample surveys for this study have been used 109, this study was analysed by the SPSS 12.0 of statistical tool. According to the proved hypothesis there are three important factors which affected the resistance of user. One factor was the relative advantage and complexity from the point of view on the trade firms characteristics of e-marketplace, another factor was the propensity of innovation from the point of view on the trade firms factors, the third factor was the reliance from the point of view on the service quality factors. The results also provided that relative advantage and suitability among the characteristics of e-Marketplace and the reliability among the service quality characteristics have moderated in the moderated regression which was tested the association independent variables and dependent variables while participation of user was using for contingency variable.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.199-219
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• 2007

This research analyze the impact factors that affect the PI resistance of securities brokerage salespersons during Process Innovation in securities companies focusing on the broker's individual personality. After reviewing some related literatures, a survey was conducted at a domestic securities company with the derived factors from a focus group of securities salesmen with over 10 year work experience. The results show that broker's individual propensity to innovation, individual customer relationship and individual flexibility are closely related to the PI resistance. By controlling such factors for salespersons, securities companies can boost the ability to meet and control the changing situation and management innovation.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2014

Endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs), including nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin ($PGI_2$), and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), play pivotal roles in regulating vascular tone. Reduced EDRFs cause impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, or endothelial dysfunction. Impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) is consistently observed in conduit vessels in human patients and experimental animal models of hypertension. Because small resistance arteries are known to produce more than one type of EDRF, the mechanism(s) mediating endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in small resistance arteries may be different from that observed in conduit vessels under hypertensive conditions, where vasorelaxation is mainly dependent on NO. EDHF has been described as one of the principal mediators of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in small resistance arteries in normotensive animals. Furthermore, EDHF appears to become the predominant endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation pathway when the endothelial NO synthase (NOS3)/NO pathway is absent, as in NOS3-knockout mice, whereas some studies have shown that the EDHF pathway is dysfunctional in experimental models of hypertension. This article reviews our current knowledge regarding EDRFs in small arteries under normotensive and hypertensive conditions.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디지털정책학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.13-28
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to explore conquest plans of the barrier and resistance in innovation management. This paper focuses to understand the model of innovation that reflects adoption process stages and identify the factors that drive the resistance of consumers. Whenever organizations try to plan and implement some kind of innovation in organizations, they confront resistance in many ways. By understanding innovation resistance, organizations can not only design better innovations but can develop strategies to reduce resistance. Thus they accelerate innovation. Understanding the factors that drive the innovation resistance has important implications for both theoretical development and managerial action. These results indicate that people resist innovation strongly when it betrays their value, needs and beliefs or when they felt the pressure on self-conviction and mental risk, loss, and lack of knowledge.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2012

The association of verotoxic E. coli and Acinetobacter spp. with various antibiotic-resistant, diarrhogenic, and nosocomial infections has been a cause for concern worldwide. E. coli and A. haemolyticus isolated on a number of selective media were screened for virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and transformation of resistance genes. Out of 69 E. coli isolates obtained, 25 (35.23%), 14 (20.30%), and 28 (40.58%) were positive for Vtx1&2, Vtx1, and Vtx2, respectively, 49 (71.015%) for extendedspectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), 34 (49.28%) for serum resistance, 57 (82.61%) for cell surface hydrophobicity, 48 (69.57%) for gelatinase production, and 37 (53.62%) for hemolysin production. For the 14 A. haemolyticus isolates, only 2 (14.29%) in each case from all the samples investigated were positive for Vtx1, Vtx2 and Vtx1&2 respectively, 8 (57.14%) for ESBLs, 7 (50.00%) for serum resistance, 11 (78.57%) for cell surface hydrophobicity, 4 (28.57%) for gelatinase production, and 8 (57.14%) for hemolysin production. Although transformation occurred among the E. coli and Acinetobacter isolates (transformation frequency: $13.3{\times}10^{-7}-53.4^{-7}$), there was poor curing of the plasmid genes, a confirmation of the presence of stable antibiotic-resistant genes (DNA concentration between 42.7 and 123.8 ${\mu}g$) and intragenetic transfer of multidrug-resistant genes among the isolates. The isolates were potentially virulent and contained potentially transferable antibiotic resistance genes. Detection of virulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes, and transformation among these isolates is a very significant outcome that will influence approaches to proactive preventive and control measures and future investigations. However, continued surveillance for drug resistance among these bacteria and further investigation of the mechanism of action of their virulence factors are a necessity.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.107-124
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• 2021

본 연구는 중소 제조 기업들의 스마트 팩토리 관련 기술의 도입 및 사용과 관련하여 발생할 수 있는 혁신저항에 대한 연구이다. 확장된 혁신저항모델을 활용하여 혁신저항 선행요인들이 혁신저항에 미치는 영향 및 혁신저항이 사용의 도에 미치는 영향을 연구하는 것이다. 총 176부의 설문데이터를 연구에 활용하였으며, SPSS 25와 Smart PLS 2.0을 활용하여 연구를 진행하였다. 상대적 이점, 적합성, 지각된 위험, 사회적 영향, 조직특성은 혁신저항에 유의한 영향을 미치며, 혁신저항은 사용의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 검정되었다. 연구에 따른 시사점으로서 확장된 혁신저장모델을 활용하여 스마트 팩토리 도입 및 사용의 수준을 제고하기 위한 방안을 긍정적인 요인과 부정적인 요인을 구분하여 제시하였으며, 이를 통해 제고하여야 하는 요인과 감소시켜야 하는 요인들을 구체적으로 제시하였다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in staphylococci isolated from canine otitis externa. A total 295 causative microorganisms were isolated. The most common isolated species were Staphylococcus (S) pseudintermedius (94 isolates) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (60 isolates), S. schleiferi (25 isolates), Escherichia coli (23 isolates) and Proteus mirabilis (20 isolates). Staphylococci isolates were showed high resistance to penicillin (78.6%), erythromycin (55.9%), tetracycline (52.4%), clindamycin (51.7%) and ciprofloxacin (42.8%). Of the 145 staphylococci isolates, 49 (33.8%) methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) were observed, distributed among S. pseudintermedius (n=34), S. schleiferi (n=6), S. epidermis (n=4), S. hominis (n=2), S. aureus, S. caprae and S. saprophyticus (n=1, respectively). Forty-three (87.8%) of 49 MRS and 10 (10.4%) of 96 methicillin-susceptibility staphylococci harbored mecA gene. About 80% of MRS were multidrug-resistant with resistance to at least one antibiotic in three or more antibiotic classes. Resistance genes blaZ (93/114, 81.5%), ermB (35/81, 43.2%), ermC (3/81, 3.7%), aacA-aphD (50/54, 92.5%), tetM (69/76, 90.7%) and tetK (6/76, 7.8%) were detected among resistant isolates. Virulence factors genes lukF and lukS were found in 100%(145/145) and 43.4%(63/145), respectively. Genes encoding ermA, eta, etb and tsst were not detected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which investigated for the presence of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance and staphylococcal toxins in staphylococci isolated from canine otitis externa. A continuous monitoring and surveillance program to prevent antimicrobial resistance in companion animals is demanded.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2007

하중저항계수설계법(LRFD)은 세계적으로 지반공학적 설계의 실무에서 사용이 증가하고 있으며 머지않아 현재의 허용응력설계법(ASD)을 완전히 대체할 것으로 예상된다. 하중저항계수설계법은 신뢰도해석(Reliability analysis)을 바탕으로 파괴확률을 정량화하여 상부구조물과 하부구조물을 일관된 신뢰도 수준으로 설계할 수 있게 하는 장점을 가지고 있다. 현재 암반에 근입된 현장타설말뚝의 저항계수는 단지 무결암 상태일 경우에 대하여 AASHTO에 의해 제시되어 있다. 그러나 국내의 경우, 말뚝이 근입되는 대부분의 기반암은 심하게 풍화되어 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 풍화암(흔히 IGM)에 대한 저항계수를 산정하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 풍화암에 근입된 현장타설말뚝의 저항계수를 산정하기 위하여 신뢰도 해석을 수행하였다. 4개 현장에서 수행된 21본의 재하시험자료가 분석에 사용되었으며, 말뚝지지력을 계산하는 방법에 따라 저항계수는 $0.1{\sim}0.6$의 범위 내에서 산정되었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2019

전자결제는 온라인 상거래에 있어 매우 핵심적인 기능으로 지속적으로 발전하고 있다. 상거래가 모바일 기반으로 발전해 가면서 편리하게 사용할 수 있는 다양한 결제서비스가 등장하고 있는데, 특히, 간편결제서비스는 사용자들의 결제 편리성을 향상시키고 온라인에서의 거래 활성화에 긍정적인 영향을 주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 간편결제서비스에 대한 사용자의 수용저항에 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 특히, 간편결제서비스의 주된 수용 요인과 주된 수용저항 요인 간의 상대적인 영향력을 비교하여 간편결제서비스 시장의 활성화에 기여할 수 있는 시사점을 도출하였다. 주된 수용 요인으로 사용용이성과 유용성을, 주된 수용저항 요인으로 지각된 위험을 고려하고, 이들이 간편결제서비스의 사용갈등을 매개하여 수용저항에 미치는 영향을 검증하는 연구모형을 수립하고 구조방정식모형을 사용하여 연구가설을 실증하였다. 분석 결과에 의하면, 사용용이성이 사용갈등에 미치는 영향을 제외한 나머지 모든 연구가설이 채택되었고, 간편결제서비스 사용자들은 서비스 사용에 있어 위험보다는 유용함을 더 중요하게 생각하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.602-611
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• 2022

The persistence of pathogenic Escherichia coli under acidic conditions poses a serious risk to food safety, especially in acidic foods such as kimchi. To identify the bacterial factors required for acid resistance, transcriptomic analysis was conducted on an acid-resistant enterotoxigenic E. coli strain and the genes with significant changes in their expression under acidic pH were selected as putative resistance factors against acid stress. These genes included those associated with a glutamate-dependent acid resistance (GDAR) system and copper resistance. E. coli strains lacking GadA, GadB, or YbaST, the components of the GDAR system, exhibited significantly attenuated growth and survival under acidic stress conditions. Accordantly, the inhibition of the GDAR system by 3-mercaptopropionic acid and aminooxyacetic acid abolished bacterial adaptation and survival under acidic conditions, indicating the indispensable role of a GDAR system in acid resistance. Intriguingly, the lack of cueR encoding a transcriptional regulator for copper resistance genes markedly impaired bacterial resistance to acid stress as well as copper. Conversely, the absence of YbaST severely compromised bacterial resistance against copper, suggesting an interplay between acid and copper resistance. These results suggest that a GDAR system can be a promising target for developing control measures to prevent E. coli resistance to acid and copper treatments.