• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.43-61
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• 1991

Present - day inlay casting procedures have been developed for more than 100 years and experimentation has focused on the perfect adaptation to the cavity preparation. Marginal adaptation is considered to be an important indicator of the acceptability of the cast restotration, especially on the gingival margin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a dissecting microscope and burnishing on vertical discrepancies, horizontal discrepancies, and cement thicknesson master die. Extracted premolars were prepared for class II gold inlays and master dies were made with conventional techniques. The experiments consisted of 4 groups. Group 1 : unaided eye, no burnishing on master die. Group 2 : unaided eye, burnishing on master die. Group 3 : microscope, no burnishing on master die. Group 4 : microscope, burnishing on master die. Cemented inlays were embedded in the hard resin and sectioned with microcutter through the gingival margins. The sectioned surfaces were polished with emery paper and finally with aluminum oxide powders. The results of the experiments were measured for vertical discrepancies, horizontal discrepancied and cement thickness under the scanning electron microscpe at the beveled gingival margin. The results of the study were summarized as follows. 1. Group 1 showed the vertical discrepancies of $81.6{\mu}m({\pm}48.6{\mu}m)$, horizontal discrepancies of $60.1{\mu}m({\pm}41.1{\mu}m)$, and cement thickness of $59.6{\mu}m({\pm}24.6{\mu}m)$. 2. Group 2 showed the vertical discrepancies of $78.6{\mu}m({\pm}30.9{\mu}m)$, horizontal discrepancies of $36.9{\mu}m({\pm}20.7{\mu}m)$, and cement thickness of $54.0{\mu}m({\pm}21.6{\mu}m)$. 3. Group 3 showed the vertical discrepancies of $57.5{\mu}m({\pm}26.4{\mu}m)$, horizontal discrepancies of $28.4{\mu}m({\pm}17.5{\mu}m)$, and cement thickness of $37.2{\mu}m({\pm}17.4{\mu}m)$. 4. Group 4 showed the vertical discrepancies of $56.7{\mu}m({\pm}35.0{\mu}m)$, horizontal discrepancies of $31.8{\mu}m({\pm}24.2{\mu}m)$, and cement thickness of $45.6{\mu}m({\pm}19.8{\mu}m)$. 5. Vertical discrepancies were not significantly different at any groups(p>.050). 6. Microscope groups(Group 3, 4) showed significantly improved horizontal marginal adaptation (p<.050). 7. Although cement thickness showed the subset of Group 3. 4, 2 and Group 4, 2, 1. Group 3 showed significantly smaller thickness than Group l(p<.050). 8. Finishing and polishing by means of a microscope produced significantly smaller discrepancies than doing so with the unaided eye(p<.050).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.4 s.87
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• pp.467-477
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• 2001

This investigation was designed to determine the effects of wire size, bracket width and the number of bracket on bracket-wire dynamic frictional resistance during simulating arch wire-guided tooth movement in vitro. For simulation of an arch wire-guided tooth movement, we simulated tooth, periodontal ligament and cancellous bone. Maxillary premolar and 1st molar were simulated as real sized resin teeth, the simulated resin teeth which its root was coated by polyether impression material which its elastic modulus is similar to periodontal ligament were embedded in steel housing with inlay wax which its elastic modulus is similar to cancellous bone. Stainless steel wires in four wire size (0.016, 0.018, $0.016\;{\times}\;0.022,\;0.019\;{\times}\;0.025$ inch) were examined with respect to three (stainless steel) bracket widths (2.4, 3.0, 4.3mm) and the number of medium bracket(one, two, three) included in the experimental assembly under dry condition. The wires were ligated into the brackets with elastomeric module. The results were as follows : 1. In all the brackets, frictional resistance increased with increase in wire size. But, statistically similar levels of frictional resistance were observed between 0.018 inch and $0.016\;{\times}\;0.022$ inch wires in narrow bracket and also between 0.016 inch and 0.018 inch wire in wide backet. 2. The frictional forces produced by 0.016 inch wire were statistically similar levels in all the brackets. In 0.018 inch round wire, wide bracket was associated with lower amounts of friction than both narrow and medium brackets. In $0.016\;{\times}\;0.022,\;0.019\;{\times}\;0.025$ inch rectangular wire, wide bracket produced target friction than both narrow and medium brackets. In all the wirer, narrow and medium bracket demonstrated no statistical difference in levels of frictional resistance. 3. Frictional resistance increased with increase In number of medium bracket. 0.016 inch round wire demonstrated the greatest increment in frictional resistance, followed by $0.019\;{\times}\;0.025,\;0.016\;{\times}\;0.022$ inch rectangular wire which were similar level in increment of frictional resistance, 0.018 inch wire demonstrated the least increment. The increments of frictional resistance were not constantly direct proportion to number of bracket.