• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resin infiltration technique on color and surface hardness of white spot lesion (WSL) with various degrees of demineralization. Materials and Methods: Ten human upper premolars were cut and divided into quarters with a $3{\times}4mm$ window on the enamel surface. Each specimens were separated into four groups (n = 10) and immersed in demineralization solution to create WSL: control, no treatment (baseline); 12 h, 12 hr demineralization; 24 h, 24 hr demineralization; 48 h, 48 hr demineralization. Resin infiltration was performed to the specimens using Icon (DMG). $CIEL^*a^*b^*$ color parameters of the enamel-dentin complex were determined using a spectroradiometer at baseline, after caries formation and after resin infiltration. Surface hardness was measured by Vickers Micro Hardness Tester (Shimadzu, HMV-2). The differences in color and hardness among the groups were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Results: Resin infiltration induced color changes and increased the hardness of demineralized enamel. After resin infiltration, there was no difference in color change (${\Delta}E^*$) or microhardness among the groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There was no difference in the effect of resin infiltration on color and hardness among groups with different extents of demineralization.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2011

This case report compared the effectiveness of resin infiltration technique (Icon, DMG) with microabrasion (Opalustre, Ultradent Products, Inc.) in management of white spot lesions. It demonstrates that although neither microabrasion nor resin infiltration technique can remove white spot lesions completely, resin infiltration technique seems to be more effective than microabrasion. Therefore resin infiltration technique can be chosen preferentially for management of white spot lesions and caution should be taken for case selection.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.382-391
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• 2019

This study was aimed to assess the new trial for minimal cavity preparation in composite restoration combined with resin infiltration, focusing at application sequence. 32 human primary molars with early carious lesions around small cavity were selected and randomly divided into two groups, according to the sequence of cavity preparation (P), composite filling (F) and resin infiltration (I) as IPF and PFI group. Each group was assessed about amount of tooth reduction, features of resin infiltration, and marginal leakage around restoration. Amount of tooth reduction evaluated using micro-CT was decreased compared with the original lesion size in both groups. Features of resin infiltration were verified under confocal laser scanning microscopy. In both groups, infiltrant resin was found on all around the composite and maintained in spite of extent of decalcification even after artificial caries induction. Marginal micro leakage assessed with silver nitrate immersion and micro-CT was found more frequently in PFI group. The technique combining resin infiltration and composite restoration might ensure better adhesion prognosis as applied by the sequence of resin infiltration, cavity preparation, and composite filling. This new trial was thought meaningful in minimizing the cavity size and contributing to minimal invasive dentistry.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

The present study aimed to evaluate the validity of resin infiltration in improving color stability after tooth whitening. Enamel samples were extracted from 40 healthy bovine upper incisors, and primary staining and whitening were performed. After that, specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups : resin infiltration group (n = 15, RI group), resin adhesive group (n = 15, RA group), and control group (n = 10). Secondary staining was performed on all samples. Coloration was assessed 5 times as follows: initial color, immediately after staining, after whitening, after resin application, and after secondary staining. Color was measured using a spectrophotometer and recorded by using the CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ color space. The color changes after primary staining for the RI, RA, and control groups were $12.16{\pm}3.50$, $12.16{\pm}3.38$, and $15.81{\pm}6.39$, whereas those after secondary staining were $15.21{\pm}7.19$, $15.93{\pm}4.31$, and $26.62{\pm}17.89$. Color changes after secondary staining showed a significant difference between the RI and control groups. In the within-group comparison between primary and secondary staining, there was no significant difference found in the RI group only (p = 0.26). The results suggest that Color stability after tooth whitening can be improved using resin infiltration.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2010

The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel and lesios by post-orthodontic decalcification has been reported with increasing frequency. Even though there have been increasing interests and clinical challenges in esthetic improvement of these lesions, few of studies were reported for using non-invasive approach which is a very significant matter for child and young adults. This study was conducted to assess clinical effect on the improvement in color of these lesions via resin infiltration method developed as minimum invasive technique for white spot. For the 38 maxillary anterior teeth with calcification problem, the changes in color between before- and after- infiltration treatment, were evaluated and summarized as following. 1. A week after infiltration, 25% of developmental defects and 61% of decalcification lesions were improved in color as the value of ${\Delta}E $ below 3.7. 2. 40% of the developmental defects and 6% of decalcification lesions showed no significant change. 3. The developmental defects showed more remarkable changes in color 1 week after infiltration rather than immediately after the treatment. From our study results, it is considered that the amount of color improvement depended on the depth of lesion. In other words, for the lesion having more depth than the depth infiltrant resin can penetrate into, infiltration treatment showed no significant effect. Therefore, for clinical indication of resin infiltration treatment, further research on precise measurement technique of lesion depth is strongly required.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.412-421
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• 2010

As a most conservative, minimally invasive trial against early caries lesions, resin infiltration concept has been introduced and studied mainly about effective materials and pre-treatment methods of surface layers to arrest the lesion effectively, which is still going on. This study was performed with an aim of evaluating the efficacy of arresting the caries process in the natural incipient lesions in spite of removing the surface layers and we obtained the results as follows: 1. It was revealed that infiltration groups(1, 3, 5) showed lower radio-density decline between pre- and posttreatment than control groups(2, 4, 6)(p<0.05). 2. Group 5, in which the surface layer was removed with hydrochloric acid, showed the most significant anticariogenic effect(p<0.05). 3. Under SEM evaluation after infiltration, group 1 and 3 showed more irregular destruction and intensive loss of surface layers than group 5. In conclusion, it was thought resin infiltration can be an effective tool against the early caries lesions although surface layers are removed.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.18 no.10 s.137
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• pp.853-857
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• 1980

The auther embedded the clinically differently used direct resins to the oral submucosa of the rabbits, and compared the tissue reactions to the direct resins with that to the indirect resins. The results were as follows: 1. Direct resins showed more lympocytes infiltration than indirect resins at the early stage of the embedding, but the same degree of the appearance of lympocytes infiltration as indirect resin at the late stage of the embedding. And the formation of fibrosis around the embedding showed the irregular finidng. 2. Fibrosis of direct resin showed the tendency to be finer than indirect resin at the early stage of the embedding, but direct resin formed the similar fibers capsule to that of indirect resin at the late stage of the embedding.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2018

Resin infiltration has been used as a treatment option for the management of early caries lesions recently. However, the etching procedure with hydrochloric acid might be somewhat stressful for the clinicians due to safety problem especially for young children, leading to less utility. This study aims at searching for some alternative surface pretreatment methods of resin infiltration for the early caries lesions in primary anterior teeth by comparing penetration depth of various methods. No significant difference was found in penetration ratio between etched surface with 15% hydrochloric acid and 35% phosphoric acid. However, the penetration ratio was significantly higher in groups pretreated either with dental pumice or abrasive metal strip (p < .05). By the result of this study, etching with phosphoric acid as an alternative of hydrochloric acid was thought clinically acceptable as a pretreatment method for resin infiltration in early caries lesions for primary anterior teeth. It was notable that surface conditioning with dental pumice or metal strip before etching was effective in increasing the penetration. This procedural modification might be much more correspondent with minimally invasive concept and hopefully contribute to increased safety and utility in pediatric dentistry.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.290-298
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• 2018

This study aimed to evaluate surface morphology and resin tag penetration of resin infiltration into primary anterior teeth after enamel deproteinization with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) prior to phosphoric acid ($H_3PO_4$) etching. Ninety primary anterior teeth with non-cavitated caries lesion were devided five groups according to enamel pretreatment as follows, group I-15% hydrochloric acid (HCl) 2min. ; group II-5.25% NaOCl 1min., 35% $H_3PO_4$ 1min. ; group III-5.25% NaOCl 2min., 35% $H_3PO_4$ 1min. ; group IV-5.25% NaOCl 1min., 35% $H_3PO_4$ 2min. ; group V-5.25% NaOCl 2min., 35% $H_3PO_4$ 2min. Fifteen teeth were examined etched surface structure using field emission-scanning electron microscope. Seventy five teeth were infiltrated with resin, maximum penetration depth and percentage penetration were analysed using dual fluorescence confocal microscopy. As the application time of NaOCl increased, ratio of enamel type I, II were increased. Percentage penetration (PP) was higher in group V than group II, III (p < 0.05). PP of group IV, V did not show any differences. Non-cavitated caries of primary anterior teeth can be treated with resin infiltration. Enamel deproteinization with NaOCl prior to 35% $H_3PO_4$ etching could be an alternative of 15% HCl etching in resin infiltration.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

The concept of resin infiltration which was born in an innovative philosophy to arrest the incipient caries. However, the structural changes of resin infiltrated lesions have not yet explained completely. The liquid resin might contribute not only to maximizing the penetration but to deteriorating physical stability. This study was performed to examine some physical and histological features of resin infiltrated incipient carious lesions. With the specimen of resin infiltrated lesions, microhardness by nanoindentation in depth profile, morphology of resin tags were revealed after HCl dissolution, and degree of microleakage were assessed. The percentage of microhardness of surface layer and lesion body of untreated specimen to sound enamel was 64.6% and 24.6% respectively, while that of resin-infiltrated lesions was 72.1%, showing significant difference (p<0.05). The resin tags observed under SEM had relatively homogeneous length of 433(282~501) ${\mu}m$ on the average. Among 20 specimens for microleakage assessment, 13 specimens showed no leakage while 5 and 2 showed leakage into outer and inner half of lesion respectively. It was thought the infiltrant resin penetrates deeply and homogeneously into lesion body and improves its hardness with relatively good physical stability.