• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 2002

This study verified the relationship between fracture mechanics parameters(${\Delta}K,\;K_{max}$) and X-ray parameters ($(\sigma}_r,;B$) for G365 steel at elevated temperature up to $300{\circ}C$. The fatigue crack propagation test were carried out and X-ray diffraction technique according to crack length direction was applied to fatigue fractured surface. The residual stress on the fracture surface was found to increase in low ${\Delta}K$ region, reach to a maximum value at a certain value of $K_{max}$ or ${\Delta}K$ and then decrease. Residual stress was independent on stress ratio by arrangement of ${\Delta}K$ and half value breadth was independent by the arrangement of $K_{max}$. The equation of ${\sigma}_r-{\Delta}K$ was established by the experimental data. Therefore, fracture mechanics parameters could be estimated by the measurement of X-ray parameters.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제16권8호
• /
• pp.575-581
• /
• 2007

The high dimensional accuracy of the cold forged part could be acquired by the accurate dimensional modification for the die, which is, the dimensional changes from the die through forged part to final part after heat treatment were considered. The experimental and FEM analysis are performed to investigate the dimensional changes from the die to final part on cold forged part, comparing with the machined gear. The dimension of forged part is compared with the die dimension at each stage, such as, machined die, cold forged part, and heat-treated-part. The elastic characteristics and thermal influences on forging stage are analyzed numerically by the $DEFORM-3D^{TM}$. The analyzed residual stress of forged part is considered into the FE-analysis for heat treatment using the $DEFORM-HT^{TM}$. The effects of residual stress affected into the dimensional changes could be investigated by the FEA. Each residual stress of gears was measured practically by laser beam type measurement.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.1524-1533
• /
• 1996

Risidual stress of cylindrical glass rods are measured by photoelasticity to study the variation of stresses with respect to heat treatment temperatures. In order to measure the stresses accurately, fringe sharpening and multiplication techniques are applied to the determination of photoelastic fringe orders. Filon's separationmethod is used to resolve circumferential and redial stress ocmponents from isochromatic fringes which are the same as in-plane maximum shearing stresses. According to the photoelastic measurements, residual stress is increased as the heat treatment temperature of the rods is raised from $560^{\circ}C$ to $650^{\circ}C$ All the circumferential stress components are changed from tensile stresses to compressive ones at approximate $R_m$/$R_o$ = 0.6, where $R_o$/ is outer radius and $R_m$any measured radius. This analysis shows that residual stresses of the glass rods approach zero if the rods are heat-treated near the strain point.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집A
• /
• pp.412-418
• /
• 2001

The measurement of residual stresses by the hole-drilling method has been commonly used to evaluate residual stresses in structural members. In this method, eccentricity can usually occur between the hole center and rosette gage center. In this study, the error due to the hole eccentricity is corrected using the neural network. The neural network has trained training examples of normalized eccentricity, eccentric direction and direction of maximum stress at eccentric case using backpropagation learning process. The trained neural network could corrected the error of measured residual stress in experiments with hole eccentricity. The proposed neural network is very useful for correction of the error due to hole eccentricity in hole-drilling method.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2020

Many studies involving a thermal stress analysis using computational methods have been conducted, though there have been relatively few experimental attempts to investigate thermal stress phenomena. Casting products undergo thermal stress variations during the casting process as the temperature drops from the melting temperature to room temperature, with gradient cooling also occurring from the surface to the core. It is difficult to examine thermal stress states continuously during the casting process. Therefore, only the final states of thermal stress and deformations can be detemined. In this study, specimens sensitive to thermal stress, were made by a casting process. After which the residual stress levels in the specimens were measured by a hole drilling method with Electron Speckle-Interferometry technique. Subsequently, we examined the thermal stresses in terms of deformation during the casting process by means of a numerical analysis. Finally, we compared the experimental and numerical analysis results. It was found that the numerical thermal stress analysis is an effective means of understanding the stress generation mechanism in casting products during the casting process.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2010

Some structural members of large-scale marine vessels such as large-scale offshore structures and very large container ships are assembled by very thick plates of which thickness exceeds 60mm. Also, high-tensile steels have been selected to meet the required structural strength and fatigue strength. Generally, multi-pass welding method such as FCA(Flux-Core Arc) welding has been used to join the thick plates. Considering the welding residual stresses, fatigue strength of the welded joints of thick plates should be assured since the residual stress influences the fatigue strength. This paper presents a numerical procedure to investigate the residual stress of structure joined by multi-pass FCA welding so that it can be incorporated into the fatigue strength assessment considering the effect of welding residual stress. The residual stress distribution is also measured by X-Ray diffraction method. The residual stress obtained by the computational model also has been compared with that of experiment. The results of FEA are in very good agreement with the experimental measurements.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.415-424
• /
• 2014

기존 콘크리트 구조물 내력은 변위 및 스트레인 게이지를 통해 기지의 가력에 따른 변화량을 계측하고, 그 결과를 수치해석 결과와 비교하여 평가한다. 이는 결과적으로 현존 콘크리트의 잔류응력을 계측 평가하므로써 완성될 수 있다. 본 논문은 실험적 응력해석법의 일환으로 콘크리트 구조물에 대한 잔류응력을 비파괴적인 방식으로 평가하는 IITC (Instrumented Indentation Technique for Concrete) 시스템 개발과 관련된 것으로 콘크리트 구조물 표면에서 압입하중과 압입깊이와의 상관관계를 이용한 실험적 평가방법을 논하였다. 본 연구에서는 구성되는 H/W 및 분석용 S/W는 새롭게 개발하였으며, 다각도의 실험결과를 이용하여 콘크리트 구조물에서의 실험적 잔류응력 추정식을 창출하였고, 자동으로 잔류응력을 평가케 함으로써 콘크리트 구조물의 축성단계에서부터 유지관리 단계에까지 자유롭게 내력을 산정할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.306-314
• /
• 2006

가동 중인 설비 및 대형 구조물은 장시간 사용, 고온 환경 및 반복되는 하중 등의 영향으로 설비재료의 교체 및 유지 보수가 요구된다. 이때 설비의 기계적 특성을 평가하는 것은 필수 불가결한 요소 이지만 대부분의 물성평가방법이 파괴적이기 때문에 가동 중인 설비에 직접 적용하는 것은 상당한 어려움이 따른다. 그러나 계장화 압입시험법은 다양한 기계적인 특성을 비파괴적으로 측정하는 최신기술로서 재료에 하중 인가 및 제거 과정 중 하중과 변위를 연속적으로 측정하여 획득된 압입하중-변위곡선의 분석을 통해 유동물성, 잔류응력, 파괴인성 등의 기계적 특성을 평가 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 계장화 압입시험을 이용하여 철강재료 및 용접부 유동물성과 잔류응력을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 계장화 압입시험 시 발생하는 압입자 하부의 응력 상태를 고려하여 유동응력과 변형률을 정의하고, 이를 최적화된 응력-변형률 구성방정식을 통해 유동곡선 및 항복강도, 인장강도 등의 유동물성을 평가 하였다. 계장화 압입시험을 이용하여 잔류응력을 측정하기 위해 소성변형과 직접 관련된 편차 응력 성분만으로 압입변형과 잔류응력 간의 상호작용을 분석하여 잔류응력 모델을 정의하였다. 측정된 유동물성은 일축인장시험의 결과를 통해 그 정확성을 검증하였고, 잔류응력은 홀-드릴링, 절단법 및 ED-XRD 시험과 비교하여 그 모델을 검증하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2001

For the purpose of healing the degradation part, $CO_2$ laser beam was irradiated with different irradiation condition (porer, diameter, velocity and beam type) to find out optimum irradiation condition. The test series of hardness, residual stress measurement, and fatigue were carried out after the irradiation. Experimental results show that micro-hardness values on the surface of the irradiated specimens m approximately 2.5 times higher than those of un-irradiated ones. Fatigue tests show that the fatigue life was improved by the compressive residual stress after laser beam irradiation. However, some specimens with different conditions show the shorter fatigue life. It means that laser beam irradiation with optimum irradiation condition and optimum absorb energy, Q can improve the fatigue strength.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 2004

고분자 재료가 전자산업분야에서 절연재료나 접착제로 널리 사용되고 있다. 실리콘 기판위에 증착된 고분자 층에는 기판과의 열팽창계수 차이로 인해 열응력이 발생할 수 있다 고분자 층과 기판사이의 열적 성질의 차이로 인해 큰 잔류응력이 야기된다. 본 연구에서는 레이저 주사법을 이용하여 열적변형으로 인한 곡률변화를 측정한 후, 해석적 방법을 적용하여 수정된 박막 물성을 구하는 방법을 제시하고 있다.