• Title/Summary/Keyword: Residual flux

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A Study on Development of Alternative Non-aqueous Cleaning Agents to Ozone Depletion Substances and its Field Application (오존파괴물질 대체 비수계세정제 개발 및 현장 적용 연구)

  • Park, Yong-Bae;Bae, Jae-Heum;Lee, Min-Jae;Lee, Jong-Gi;Lee, Ho-Yeoul;Bae, Soo-Jung;Lee, Dong-Kee
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.306-313
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    • 2011
  • Flux or solder is used in soldering process for manufacturing electronic parts such as printed circuit boards (PCB). After soldering process, residual flux and solder paste on the parts should be removed since their residuals could cause performance degradation or failure of parts due to their corrosion and electric leakage. Ozone depletion substances such as 1,1,1- trichloroethane (TCE) and HCFC-141b have widely been using for removal of residual flux and solder paste after soldering process In manufacturing of electronic parts until now. In this study, non-aqueous cleaning agents without flash point were developed and applied to industrial field for replacement of cleaning agents with ozone depletion. In order to develop non-aqueous cleaning agents without ethers, esters, fluoride- type solvents. And their physical properties and cleaning abilities were evaluated, and they were applied to industrial fields for cleaning of flux and solder on the PCB. And vacuum distillation apparatus were operated to determine their operating conditions and recycling yields for recycling of used cleaning agents formulated in this study. As a result of physical properties measurement of our formulated cleaning agents, they were expected to have good wetting and penetrating power since their surface tensions were relatively low as 18.0~20.4 dyne/$cm^2$ and their wetting indices are relatively large. And some cleaning agents holding fluoride-type solvents as their components did not have any flash point and they seemed to be safe in their handling and storage. The cleaning experimental results showed that some cleaning agents were better in their cleaning of flux and solder paste than 1,1,1-TCE and HCFC-141b. And industrial application results of the formulated cleaning agents for cleaning PCB indicated that they can be applicable to industry due to their good cleaning capability in comparison with HCFC-141b. The recycling experiments of the used formulated cleaning agents through a vacuum distillation apparatus also showed that their 91.9~97.5% could be recycled with its proper operating conditions.

Numerical experiments for the changes of currents by reclamation of land in Kwangyang Bay (매립으로 인한 광양만의 유동변화 수치실험)

  • 추효상
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.11 no.7
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    • pp.637-650
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    • 2002
  • This study presents an investigation of the changes of the currents in Kwangyang Bay due to the construction of harbor, reclamation and coastal developments. Currents were simulated by the numerical experiments with a diagnostic multi-level model and using the seasonal oceanographic data of temperature, salinity and ocean current. The values of kinetic and potential energies for the currents were calculated in cases of three topographical changes; before coastal developments, the existing state and after completion of the development project in Kwangyang Bay. The changes of currents due to the coastal developments are as follow; Kinetic energies of tide induced residual currents and wind driven currents decreased by 35~40 percent and 5 percent respectively, however those of density currents increased by 10 percent since the decrease of the coastal areas. Kinetic energy of residual currents including tide induced residual currents, density currents and wind driven currents reduced by 10 percent compared with before the coastal developments. Decrease of current velocity was greatest in summer. Therefore, in summer it was assumed that the Kwangyang Bay is more easily polluted by stratification and decrease of residual current than before the coastal developments carried out.

Controlled Switching Method to Limit the Inrush Current for Unloaded Transformer (투입전류 제한을 위한 무부하 변압기의 개폐제어방식)

  • Lee, W.Y.;Park, K.Y.;Chong, J.K.;Kim, H.J.;Park, S.K.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2002.07b
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    • pp.744-746
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    • 2002
  • In this paper the method to limit inrush currents for unloaded transformers is proposed by controlling the opening instant in order to predetermine the residual flux. For the purpose of verifying the performance of the proposed method the test circuit with a single phase transformer is established and the effect of the controlled method is studied. With the basis of the obtained results the controlled method for three phase transformers with a wye-delta winding is also proposed. The analysis studies using EMTP(Electro-Magnetic Transient Program) are carried out in order to reveal its effectiveness.

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Tidal Computations for Seohan Bay (서한만의 조석산정)

  • 이종찬;최병호
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.121-129
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    • 1992
  • A two-dimensional numerical tidal model is formulated to reproduce tides in the northeastern Yellow-Sea, Seohan Bay. The model was formulated on spherical grid system with mesh resolution of 1' latitude by 4/3' longitude. As a first step, tidal distribution of four major tidal constituents are computed and compared with coastal observation. Independent tidal charts for the M$_2$, S$_2$, $K_1$, and $O_1$ tides were presented. Residual tidal currents and tidal energy flux were also computed.

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The study on the torque ripple and vibration characteristic of IPM motor according to rotor design (IPM motor의 회전자 구조설계에 따른 토크리플 및 진동 특성 연구)

  • Lee, Seung-Hoon;Kang, Gyu-Hong;Jang, Ki-Bong;Kim, Gyu-Tak
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2008.04c
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    • pp.38-40
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    • 2008
  • This paper presents the torque ripple and vibration characteristic of interior type permanent magnet (IPM) motor according to rotor design. In the design methods, the optimal notchs are put on the rotor pole face, which have an effect on variation of permanent magnet (PM) shape or residual flux density of PM. Through the space harmonics field analysis, the positions of notch are found and the optimal shapes of notch are decided by using Finite Element Method (FEM). The validity of the proposed method is confirmed with experiments. Therefore, the vibration, starting current and efficiency of IPM is measured by experiment.

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A Protective Relaying Algorithm for Transformers Using the Ratio of Induced Voltages (유기전압비를 이용한 변압기 보호계전 알고리즘)

  • Kang, Y.C.;Lee, B.E.;Yun, J.S.;Ok, S.H.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2000.11a
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    • pp.168-170
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    • 2000
  • This paper presents a protective relaying algorithm for transformers using the ratio of induced voltages. The ratio primary and secondary induced voltages calculated calculates from currents and voltages of primary and secondary windings is used. In case of the steady state and magnetic inrush, it is equal to the turn ratio while it is different from the turn ratio in case of internal winding faults. The proposed algorithm operates satisfactorily even large residual flux.

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On the Controlled-spin Intensity Method For the Tangentially-fired Furnaces

  • Shifa Ding;Jianghong Kuang;Pingyuan Liu;Chaosong Chen;Xingsheng Hu;Handing Cao;Jinyuan Xu
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.213-216
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    • 2003
  • This paper put forward the controlled spin intensity method for the tangentially-fired furnaces to solve the problems existed in the counter-tangential operation. The numerical simulation was used in this paper to discuss some basic principles.

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IMPLEMENTATION OF FULL WEB-BASED GRAPHIC USER INTERFACE PROCESSOR FOR CFD SOFTWARE (웹 기반 CFD s/w용 GUI 프로세서의 구현)

  • Juraeva Makhsuda;Ivanov Evgeny G.;Song Dong Joo
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2004.10a
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    • pp.121-125
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    • 2004
  • The preprocessor - solver - postprocessor software for 2D/Axisymmetric CSCM Upwind Flux Difference Splitting Navier-Stokes code has been developed for undergraduate educational purpose. This computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software allows students to setup, solve, visualize and control dynamically server for their own fluid problems via Internet. The preprocessor Is capable of generating geometry and grid, initial solution data and required solver control parameters. The postprocessor shows vector plot and contour plot with different options while residual plot shows root-mean-square (RMS) error history graphically and retrieves the data from solver interactively. Special feature of the preprocessor is grid generation part which is based on MFC/Visual C++ application and FORTRAN single block grid generator process. Many users can access solver via Internet from client computers and solve desired problems using locally installed pre- and postprocessor and remote powerful solver part.

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Flow-Guider Applied to Controlling Current in a Bay (도류제에 의한 항만내 조류제어 연구)

  • 양찬규;홍기용
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.141-151
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    • 1997
  • This paper deals with a numerical study of flow-guider applied to controlling current in a bay. Two dimensional numerical model for tidal currents based on the depth averaged equation is developed and standard k-.epsilon. model is adopted to determine the turbulence diffusion. Equations are described in a generalized coordinate system to be implemented by non-staggered grid system and discretized by using finite volume method. Unsteady flow is simulated by fully implicit scheme. Hybrid scheme and central differencing are used to compute the convective terms and source terms, respectively. The tidal current in a rectangular bay is simulated and it gives satisfactory results. The realistic and distinct models of a large structure placed in bay are also exemplified with or without flow-guiders. The simulation results show that the flow-guider gives the residual tidal current in the bay by the different flux with respect to the direction of tidal current.

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The study on the vibration characteristic of IPM motor according to the notch design (Notch 설계에 따른 매입형영구자석형 전동기의 진동특성 고찰)

  • Lee, Seung-Hoon;Ahn, Ho-Jin;Kang, Gyu-Hong;Jang, Ki-Bong;Kim, Gyu-Tak
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2008.10c
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    • pp.47-49
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    • 2008
  • This paper presents the vibration characteristic of interior type permanent magnet (IPM) motor according to rotor design. In the design methods, the optimal notchs are put on the rotor pole face, which have an effect on variation of permanent magnet (PM) shape or residual flux density of PM. Through the space harmonics field analysis, the positions of notch are found and the optimal shapes of notch are decided by using Finite Element Method (FEM). The validity of the proposed method is confirmed with experiments. Therefore, the vibration, starting current and efficiency of IPM is measured by experiment.

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