• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 1999

The results of residual currents simulation by a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model showed the water volume transport and the residence time to be about 4km³ per tidal cycle and about 6 years through the line of latitude, 34° 25' N in the Yellow Sea, and to be about 13km³ per tidal cycle and about 2.5 years through the southeastern boundary line of the Yellow Sea, respectively. On the bases of the entire seawater volume of the Yellow Sea and dissolved oxygen (DO) in summer, the environmental capacity of the Yellow Sea for reception of the maximum pollution load without reducing DO concentration below 5.0mg/ℓ in seawater may be estimated to be about 58×10/sup 6/tons of chemical oxygen demand (COD), which is equivalent to the load about 8 times as high as the annual organic pollution load from 14 major rivers. On the bases of DO transports by residual currents calculated on the line of 34° 25' N latitude and on the southeastern boundary line of the Yellow Sea being about 57×10³tons and about 203×10³tons of DO per day, respectively, the environmental capacities of the Yellow Sea for reception of the maximum pollution loads without reducing DO concentration in seawater nay be equivalent to COD loads about 3 times and 10 times, respectively, as high as the existing organic pollution loads from 14 major rivers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.67-85
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• 2007

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model with the fine grid is applied to simulate the barotropic tides, tidal currents, residual currents and salinity dispersions in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Data inputs include seasonal hydrography, mean wind and river input, and oceanic tides. Computed tidal distributions of four major tides($M_2,\;S_2,\;K_1$ and $O_1$) are presented and results are in good agreement with the observations in the domain. The model reproduces well the tidal charts. The tidal residual current is relatively strong around west coast of Korea including the Cheju Island and southern coast of China. The current by $M_2$ has a maximum speed of 10 cm/s in the vicinity of Cheju Island with a anti-clockwise circulation in the Yellow Sea. General tendency of the current, however, is to flow eastward in the South Sea. Surface residual current simulated with $M_2$ and with $M_2+S_2+K_1+O_1$ tidal forcing shows slightly different patterns in the East China Sea. The model shows that the southerly wind reduces the southward current created by freshwater discharge. In summer during high runoff(mean discharge about $50,000\;m^3/s$ of Yangtze), low salinity plume-like structure(with S < 30.0 psu) extending some 160 km toward the northeast and Changjiang Diluted Water(CDW), below salinity 26 psu, was found within about 95 km. The offshore dispersion of the Changjiang outflow water is enhanced by the prevailing southerly wind. It is estimated that the inertia of the river discharge cannot exclusively reach the around sea of Cheju Island. It is noted that spatial and temporal distribution of salinity and the other materials are controlled by mixture of Changjiang discharge, prevailing wind, advection by flowing warm current and tidal current.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.33-40
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find the variation of sedimentation patterns after Saemangeum reclamation. Residual flow after Saemangeum reclamation was calculated prognostically from the observed water temperature and salinity data in May 1992 by the Marine Development Institute of Gunsan National University and wind data which were obtained from spring 1969 through winter 1977 by the Kunsan Meteorological Observatory. Three dimensional movements of injected particles due to currents, turbulence and sinking velocity are tracked by the Euler-Lagrange method. When suspended sediments with the size of soil grain of 30 ㎛ are injected in the Sinsi drainage sluice, their dispersion range of sediment is around Gogunsan islands. When suspended sediments with the size of soil grain of 200 ㎛ are injected in the Garyeok drainage sluice, their dispersion range of sediment was around the Garyeok drainage sluice and Byeonsan coastal area.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.548-554
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• 2001

The restraint force is required an accurate measurement and analysis to protect weldment from residual stress. Also, this residual stress caused by clacks in weldments are often observed in the weldments of large size nozzles or radial tanks after welding. This paper is preformed on the study of evaluation of welding restraint forces using load cell with STS thin plate which are using pressure vessel steel in the industry field. As a result of this study, as the welding currents are higher and the welding speeds are more slowly, the magnitude of restraint force in process of the flat plate welding hows to be more large. Also, the temperature in process of melting is increasingly rising, then the restraint forces exhibit the compressive forces, whereas the restraint forces during cooling represent extensional force.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.275-278
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• 2001

This paper presents an algorithm for detecting current transformer (CT) saturation. At the instants of beginning (or end) of saturation, as a magnetizing inductance of the core is changed significantly, the shapes of the secondary current are also changed significantly though secondary currents are continuous the instants. At the instants, the second-order of third-order difference of the secondary current has big values. Thus, the third difference of the current is used to detect the beginning/end of CT saturation in this paper. If the magnitude of third-order difference of the secondary current is larger than a threshold value, the CT begins of ends saturation at the instants. The proposed detection method is unaffected by the amount of residual flux. The results of various tests with residual flux from -80% to +80% indicate satisfactory performance of the method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.86-93
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• 2007

The restraint force is required for the accurate measurement and analysis to protect weldment from residual stress. Also, this residual stress caused by cracks in weldments is often observed in the weldments of large size nozzles or radial tanks after welding. This paper is preformed to evaluate the welding restraint forces using load cell with STS304 thin plate which is used as the pressure vessel steel in the industry field. As a result, as the welding currents are higher and the welding speeds are more slowly, the magnitude of restraint force in process of the flat plate welding shows to be more large.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.63-81
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the tide-induced flow patterns near the ocean outfall of the Jeju and Bomok Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTP) in Jeju Island by using measurements of Acoustic Doppler Current Meter (ADCP) and a numerical experiment with inserting passive tracer into a regional ocean model. In late spring of 2018, the ADCP measurements showed that tidal currents dominate the flow patterns as compared to the non-tidal components in the outfall regions. According to harmonic analysis, the dominant type of tides is mixed of diurnal and semi-diurnal but predominantly semidiurnal, showing stronger oscillations in the Jeju WTP than those in the Bomok WTP. The tidal currents oscillate parallel to the isobath in both regions, but the rotating direction is different each other: an anti-clockwise direction in the Jeju WTP and a clockwise in the Bomok WTP. Of particular interest is the finding that the residual current mainly flows toward the coastline across the isobath, especially at the outfall of the Bomok WTP. Our model successfully captures the features of tidal currents observed near the outfall in both regions and indicates possibly high persistent pollutant accumulation along the coasts of Bomok.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.143-148
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find sedimentation patterns variation before and after Saemangeum reclamation. Water circulations are calculated diagnostically from the observed water temperature and salinity data and wind data and tidal residual current. Three dimensional movements of injected particles due to currents, turbulence and sinking velocity are tracked by the Euler-lagrange methoed. Calculated sedimentation patterns of riverine material are highly similar to the observed ones.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.387-403
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• 2016

In this paper, an integrated model for the wave (current)-induced seabed response is presented. The present model consists of two parts: hydrodynamic model for wave-current interactions and poro-elastic seabed model for pore accumulations. In the wave-current model, based on the fifth-order wave theory, ocean waves were generated by adding a source function into the mass conservation equation. Then, currents were simulated through imposing a steady inlet velocity on one domain and pressure outlet on the other side. In addition, both of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokers (RANS) Equations and $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model would be applied in the fluid field. Once the wave pressures on the seabed calculated through the wave-current interaction model, it would be applied to be boundary conditions on the seabed model. In the seabed model, the poro-elastic theory would be imposed to simulate the seabed soil response. After comparing with the experimental data, the effect of currents on the seabed response would be examined by emphasize on the residual mechanisms of the pore pressure inside the soil. The build-up of the pore water pressure and the resulted liquefaction phenomenon will be fully investigated. A parametric study will also be conducted to examine the effects of waves and currents as well as soil properties on the pore pressure accumulation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 2010

We observed tidal currents throughout all four seasons in 2007 at a single station, located 1.6km off Haeundae Beach and compared these current data with wind data. The direction of seasonal wind represented a similarity between the winds at sea and on land but the speed of wind at sea was almost three times stronger than the wind on land. In addition, the wind at sea turned out to considerably affect on tidal currents, particularly from late summer to autumn. On the other hand, the thickness of Ekman Layer, indicating a limitation of wind influence, was estimated to be 31.8 m on average, suggesting that the entire water column is under the influence of wind. Therefore, we are required to consider the wind stress into the analysis of tidal currents for the prevention of the loss of sand from Haeundae Beach.