• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.460-467
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• 2002

This paper deals with the distribution characteristics of the current density and axial magnetic flux density on the vacuum interrupter with axial magnetic field type using 3 dimension finite element analysis. An axial magnetic field parallel to the current flow in the arc column can improve the current breaking capacity of vacuum interrupter by affecting the arc mode. The axial magnetic flux density on the contact electrode surface is analyzed by inputting external current as a function of the transient time for sine half wave. And it also is analyzed within the gap distance of the contact electrode. The peak value of current but is decreased with the descending current on the contact electrode surface and within the gap distance of the contact electrode. The residual magnetic field is generated on the contact electrode surface and within the gap distance in the instant of zero current, which is due to the influence of eddy currents. The phase shift due to eddy currents, defined as time difference between the maximum value of current and axial magnetic field, is about 1ms in the center point of gap distance.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.101-108
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• 1999

A reliable and practical monitoring of drill breakage is a crucial technique in automatic machining system. In this study, a real-time monitoring system was developed to predict drill breakage using both spindle and z-axis motor current. Drill breakage is monitored by detecting the level of residual motor current which is obtained through the moving average filter algorithm. The residual exhibits a feature of sharp decrease just before drill breakage. Therefore, drill breakage can be predicted by detecting this characteristic of residual component. Z-axis motor current is better to predict the drill breakage than spindle motor current, because the former is faster in response than the latter when drill breakage is occurred. The evaluation experiments have shown that the developed monitoring system works very well.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2012

거문도 바다숲 조성해역의 해수유동 특성을 파악하기 위하여 현장조사 및 수치실험을 통하여 바다숲 조성해역의 조석류에 의한 해수 흐름을 분석하였다. 수치실험에 사용된 수치모형은 EFDC(Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code)를 사용하여 연직방향으로 총 5개 층을 나누어 실험을 수행하였다. 수치모형의 검증은 조위 및 조류 각 2개 정점의 조화분석을 통한 조화상수 비교를 통하여 수치실험결과와 관측결과가 잘 일치하고 조시별 유동장을 잘 재현하고 있음을 확인하였다. 수치실험결과, 바다숲 조성해역의 해수흐름패턴은 대상해역 바깥쪽의 주류에 비해 방파제의 역할을 하는 밖노루섬으로 인해 흐름이 약해지고, 잔차류는 주로 북서방향의 흐름이 형성되나 크기는 미약하게 나타나 포자나 유배 등이 만내에 체류할 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 바다숲 조성시설물을 효율적으로 배치할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.356-365
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• 2002

One of the most important factors that cause eutrophication is nutrient materials containing nitrogen and phosphorus which stem from excreation of terrestial sources and release from sediment. Therefore, to improve water quality, the reduction of these nutrients loads should be indispensible. At this study, the three-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic and ecosystem model, which was developed by Institute for Resources and Environment of Japan, were applied to analyze the processes affecting the eutrophication. The residual currents, which were obtained by integrating the simulated tidal currents over 1 tidal cycle, showed the presence of a typical counterclockwise eddies between Gyewha and Garyuk island. Density driven currents were generated westward at surface and eastward at the bottom in Saemankeum area where the fresh waters are flowing into, The ecosystem model was calibrated with the data surveyed in the field of the study area in annual average. The simulated results were fairly good coincided with the observed values within relative error of $30\%$. The simulations of DIN and DIP concentrations were performed using ecosystem model under the conditions of $40\~100\%$ pollution load reductions from pollution sources. In study area, concentration of DIN and DIP were reduced to $59\%$ and $28\%$ in case of the $80\%$ reduction of the input loads from fresh water respectively. But pollution loads from sediment had hardly affected DIN and DIP concentration, The $95\%$ input load abatement is necessary to meet the DIN and DIP concentration of second grade of ocean water quality criteria.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2013

In this paper, in order to analyze lightning impulse response characteristics in combined installations of SPDs and RCDs, surge protection coordination between SPDs and RCDs are experimentally investigated by using the combination wave generator. Six different types of single-phase residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses(RCBOs) being present on the domestic market are tested according to KS C IEC 61009-1 standard. As a result, when a class I SPD is located on the source side of an RCBO, all kinds of specimens are able to provide the proper coordination between the SPD and RCBOs without nuisance tripping, unintended operation or damage due to test impulse currents. However, in the case that the class II SPD is located on the load side of RCBOs, a lot of L-N mode injected currents is split into the RCBO, and a few RCBOs are damaged. Coordination between SPDs and RCDs is not valid and a role of SPDs is of no use. When combining SPDs with RCDs, it is necessary to select SPDs and RCDs in consideration of the protection voltage level of metal oxide varistor embedded in RCDs.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.922-934
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• 2010

바다숲 조성용 시설물의 효율적인 배치를 위하여 수치실험을 통하여 바다숲 조성 예정지의 조석류에 의한 해수흐름을 분석하였으며, 분석된 해수흐름을 바탕으로 하여 해조포자의 거동을 파악하기 위하여 입자추적실험을 수행하였다. 수치실험에 사용된 수치모형은 EFDC(Environmental Fluids Dynamics Code)를 사용하였으며, 연직방향으로 총 5개 층으로 나누어 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과, 바다숲 조성대상해역의 해수흐름패턴은 대상해역 바깥쪽의 주류에 크게 영향을 받고 있음을 알 수 있었고, 잔차류를 분석한 결과 크게 두 개의 순환 고리가 형성되어 있음을 확인하였다. 해수흐름의 패턴을 고려하여 3곳의 바다숲 시설물의 설치장소를 선정하고 저층에 입자를 투입하여 15일간 추적을 실시한 결과, 1번과 3번 정점은 해안선에 연하여 띠형태로 시설하며, 2번 정점은 연안에서 약 300 ~ 500m정도 떨어진 곳에 타원의 형태로 시설하는 것이 보다 효율적일 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 1994

김 등 (1993)에 의해 개발된 3차원 해수유동 수치모델을 사용하여 진해만의 조류 및 취송류를 해석하였다. 만내의 흐름은 주로 지형, 바람 및 하천유출에 의해 지배되 며, 만 입구의 수로보다 내만에서 바람 의 영향을 더 강하게 받는다. 계산된 조류는 현장관측과 잘 일치한다. 조류 및 조석잔차류의 수평 및 연직 유속은 만 입구의 수로 에서는 강하나, 진해만의 서부해역과 북부해역에서는 상대적으로 약하게 일어났다. 저 층과 표층 사이에 유속우 위상차가 일어나며, 위상차는 소조기보다 소조기보다 대조기 에 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 또한 만내에서 표층흐름은 바람 및 하천유출류에 의해 강하 게 지배되며, 이러한 현상은 대조기보다 소조기에 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.190-193
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• 2001

ZnO varistors have been widely used to protect power system and electronic system against overvoltages based on their excellent nonlinearity. In order to increase their protection capability, the fracture and protection technologies of arresters have to study according to their applications, namely ImA DC voltage, leakage currents, impulse residual voltages, withstanding capability to impulse surge, and energy absorption capability. ZnO varistors which have nonlinear current-voltage characteristic name a number of failure mechanism when ZnO elements absorb surge energies. Failure mode by thermal stress and Pin hole are among the most common failure mechanism at the high current surge current. In this study, the fracture mechaism of power arresters are introduced and protection technologies are researched. In particular the effect of thermal stress by surge currents to ZnO elements and methods against arc surge energy through withstand structure design of arrester are discussed.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.89-100
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• 1994

The effects of transient inrush currents on the dynamic characteristics of percentage differential relays are studied when the power transformers are reenergized. An algorithm of estimation the nonlinear magnetic property of power transformer and current trnasformer core are developed. Using this method, we can analyze the effect of inrush currents on the trip region of the percentage differential relays corresponding to the variation of the phase angle and the residual magnetism at the instant of switch closing. Test results are used to verify the availibility of the proposed algorithm. Finally a case study is performed to the 110 MVA main transformer in hydraulic power station.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2004

A nonlinear adaptive speed observer is designed for the sensorless control of induction motors. In order to design the speed observer, the measurements of the stator currents and the estimates of the rotor fluxes are used. The sliding mode cascade observer is designed to estimate the time derivatives of the stator currents. The open-loop observer is designed to estimate the rotor fluxes and its time derivatives using the stator current derivatives. The adaptive observer is also designed to estimate the rotor resistance. Sequentially, the rotor speed is calculated using these estimated values. It is shown that the estimation errors of the corresponding states and the parameters converge to the specified residual set. It is also shown that the speed controller using these estimates is performed well. The simulation examples are represented to investigate the validity of the proposed observers for the sensorless control of induction motors.