• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.333-338
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• 2000

Induction surface hardening is widely used to enhance local strength and hardness. However, most research is only to have a focus on fatigue life and fatigue behavior is not so much studied. So, in this study, Cr-Mo steel alloy(SCM440) was used to show the effect of residual stress and micro hole on the fatigue strength for base metal and induction surface hardened specimen. In addition, the fatigue characteristic between surface hardened and fully hardened steel is somewhat different. It is caused by hardness distribution, residual stress and inclusions etc.. Crack origins are generally micro inclusions for the high strength steel. So, the distribution of inclusions is analyzed statistically.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.1146-1149
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• 2014

단자 표식이 불분명한 3상유도전동기에서 고정자 권선의 극성을 판별하는 데는 외부 여자전류에 의해 유도되는 기전력 특성에 기초하거나 또는 회전자의 잔류자기를 이용하는 방법이 가능하다. 회전자의 잔류자기로 유도되는 권선에서의 기전력은 자속 크기와 수동 구동의 회전자 속도 및 위상 관계에 따라 정해지며 이 같은 극성 판별이 작업현장에서 가능하려면 기전력의 크기가 멀티테스터로 확인될 수 있는 정도이어야 하고 또한, 코일 간 위상 특성이 극성 판별에 적합해야 한다. 잔류자기에 의한 기전력들이 3상 평형 관계에 있다면 전체 합성 전압은 권선들의 극성 연결 상태가 정상일 때 0이 되어야 하는 한편, 극성 연결의 오류 시에는 상대적으로 큰 출력 전압을 나타낸다는 점에서 본 연구에서는 각 경우에 대한 특성을 분석하였다. 또한, 잔류자기에 의한 판별 방식을 실험용 전동기에 적용하여 극성의 정상 및 이상 상태에서의 출력 파형을 비교함으로써 제시된 방식이 극성 판별 방법으로서 현장에서 용이하게 활용될 수 있는지를 확인한다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2010

To satisfy the needs on fuel economy and engine performance, continuous variable valve lift systems are applying to engines. In the CVVL system, fuel economy can be improved by reducing pumping loss during the induction process, and engine performance can be also improved by controlling volumetric efficiency and the residual gas fraction. Because the residual gas fraction directly affects volumetric efficiency, engine performance, combustion efficiency and emissions in SI engines, controlling residual gas fraction is one of the important things in engine development process. This analysis investigates the residual gas fraction and volumetric efficiency with changes of intake valve lifts and intake valve timings. In this study, unsteady state solutions were solved during exhaust and induction processes. Results show variation of the residual gas fraction and volumetric efficiency by changing intake valve timing and lift. Decreasing intake valve lift leads to increase the residual gas fraction and to decrease volumetric efficiency.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2004

Residual gas acts as a diluent which results in reducing the in-cylinder temperature as well as the flame speed, significantly affecting fuel economy, NOx emissions and combustion stability. Therefore it is important to determine the residual gas fraction as a function of the engine operating parameters accurately. However, the determination of the residual gas fraction is very sophisticated due to the unsteady state of induction and exhaust process. There has been little work toward the development of a generally applicable model for quantitative predictions of residual gas fraction. In this paper, a simple model for calculating the residual gas fraction in SI engines was suggested. The amount of fresh air was evaluated through AFR and fuel consumption. After this, from the intake temperature and pressure, the amount of total cylinder-charging gas was estimated. The residual gas fraction was derived by comparing the total charging and fresh air. This results coincide with measured EGR value very well.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 1991

This paper reveals the effect of the effective case depth(ECD) on the fatigue behavior of a high-frequency induction hardened SM45C in rotated bending fatigue test. In addition, the effects of fracture modes(surface origin type, inner origin type) on it are discussed. The fatigue limit of the induction hardened steel is remarkably increased compared with that of base metal. In addition, the fatigue limit is linearly increased as the effective casedepth grows deep in the region of this experiment (ECD/R;0.23-0.49). The S-N curve and fracture mode in the induction case hardened steel are classified into two kinds, as a result : N$_{f}$<10$^{5}$ ;surface origin type fracture(at high stress), N$_{f}$>10$^{5}$ ; in ner origin type fracture(at low stress). In case of inner origin type fracture; as the effective case depth(ECD) gets deep, the fatigue limit is increased by the reason that the fracture origin moves toward center; in reverse, is decreased by reason that the compressive residual stress gets low. As a result, the increasing effect of the former is much bigger than the decreasing effect of the latter, and the fatigue limit is increased as the ECD gets deep.eep.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제82권2호
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• pp.259-270
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• 2022

The paper investigates the residual stresses arising in a thermoviscoelastic cylinder as a result of layer-by-layer deposition of material on its lateral surface. Internal stresses are caused by incompatible deformations that accumulate in the assembly as a result of joining parts with different temperatures. For the analysis of internal stresses, an analytical solution to the axisymmetric quasi-static problem of thermoelasticity for a growing cylinder is constructed. It is shown that the distribution of residual stresses depends on the scenario of the surfacing process. In this case, the supply of additional heat to the growing body can significantly reduce the unevenness of temperature fields and reduce the intensity of residual stresses. The most effective is uneven heating, which can be realized, by the action of an alternating current with a tunable excitation frequency. The temperature and residual stresses fields on the growing surface is analyzed numerically for Titanium and Copper materials.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.903-908
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• 2001

Residual gas acts as a diluent which results in reducing the in-cylinder temperature as well as the flame speed, significantly affecting fuel economy, NOx emissions and combustion stability. Therefore it is important to determine the residual gas fraction as a function of the engine operating parameters accurately. However, the determination of the residual gas fraction is very sophisticated due to the unsteady state of induction and exhaust process. There has been little work toward the development of a generally applicable model for quantitative predictions of residual gas fraction. In this paper, a simple model for calculating the residual gas fraction in SI engines was formulated. The effects of engine operating parameters on the residual gas were also investigated. The amount of fresh air was evaluated through AFR and fuel consumption. After this, from the intake temperature and pressure, the amount of total cylinder-charging gas was estimated. The residual fraction was derived by comparing the total charging and fresh air. This results coincide with measured value very well.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

Nowadays, many components in automobile, aircraft, offshore structure and industry require lightness and high strength. However, since developments of advanced materials have limitations, it mainly is applying to method of surface hardening. This study offered research about camshaft that is one among engine important component. The material used in this study is 0.53% carbon steel as structure material of camshaft, splineshaft, coupling, pulley, driveshaft et cetera. Camshaft is processed using mainly carbon steel, and receives wear and fatigue by special quality high speed of parts. Therefore, camshaft need surface hardening to improve camshaft's fatigue life and increase durability of engine. This study compare to residual stress and martensite microstructure created by high frequency induction treatment, and these results lead to the conclusion of fatigue crack growth characteristics.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2002

최근 전자기기의 경박단소화로 페라이트 코아의 사용주파수가 고주파화 되고 있다. Mn-Zn ferrites에서 전력손실은 hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, residual loss로 구성되어 있으며, 500 KHz 이상의 주파수 영역에서는 residual loss가 주도적인 손실을 나타낸다. Induction level이 50 mT 이하인 경우 전력손실은 주파수의 3승 이상에 비례하여 증가한다. 작은 grain과 치밀한 미세구조는 고주파 대역에서 eddy current loss를 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라 자속밀도를 증가시켜 Residual loss역시 억제한다. Resonance frequency와 static permeability를 곱한 값이 큰 시편일수록 고주파 영역에서 낮은 전력손실을 보인다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.134-142
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• 1998

The effects of small hole defect size and effective case depth(ECD) on the four point bending fatigue limit of induction surface hardened S45C steel were investigated the fatigue limit evaluation of hardened materials is very difficult because of relations of the hardness gradient and residual stress. In this study, it was possible to characterize fatigue limit and fatigue life of induction surface hardened S45C steel in terms of the hole defect size and effective case depth(ECD) and quantitative evaluation of the fatigue limit with hole defects use Murakami's evaluation method and the range of evaluated values is a good accuracy compared with results.