• Title/Summary/Keyword: Residential water

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A Study on the Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Energy System with Geothermal and Solar Heat Sources (지열-태양열원 복합시스템의 성능평가에 관한 연구)

  • Hwang In-Ju;Woo Nam-Sub;Lee Hong-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.279-286
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    • 2006
  • The present study concerns the annual performance evaluation of a hybrid-renewable energy system with geothermal and solar heat sources for hot water, heating and cooling of the residential buildings. The hybrid energy system consists of ground source heat pump of 2 RT for cooling, solar collectors of $4.8m^2$, storage tank of 250 liters and gas fired backup boiler of 11.6 kW. The averaged coefficients of performance of geothermal heat pump system during cooling and heating seasons are measured as 4.1 and 3.5, respectively. Also solar fraction for hot water is measured as 35 percent. Overall, the results shows that the hybrid-renewable energy system satisfactorily operated under all climatic conditions.

Performance Analysis of Heat Pump System with Air Source Evaporator and Single Unit Dual Sink Condenser (공기열원 2중히트싱크 열펌프의 성능해석)

  • Woo, J.S.;Lee, S.K.;Lee, J.H.;Park, H.S.
    • Solar Energy
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.11-22
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    • 1998
  • Floor panel heating system using hot water is the primary heating system of domestic residential building. This paper presents the results of performance analysis of the heat pump system with air source evaporator and single unit dual sink(SUDSk) condenser. The heat exchanger combines two separated condensers into a single condenser and the object of the SUDSk condenser is to release energy to dual sinks, i.e. air for air heating system and water for panel heating system in one single unit. Simulation program is developed for single unit dual source(SUDS) SUDSk heat pump system and some experimental data are obtained and compared with simulation results. Differences of heating capacity and COP in dual source operating mode are 7% and 8% respectively. Simulation results are in good agreement with test results. Therefore, developed program is effectively used for design and performance prediction of dual source dual sink heat pump system with SUDS evaporator and SUDSk condenser.

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Influencing Factors Evaluation of Flood Damage to Residential Building by Survey Data (설문조사 자료를 활용한 주거건물 홍수피해 영향인자 평가)

  • Choi, Cheon Kyu;Kim, Gil Ho;Kim, Kyung Tak;Choi, Yun Seok
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2016.05a
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    • pp.575-575
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    • 2016
  • 홍수로 인한 주거건물의 경제적 피해는 침수심, 침수기간, 유속 등의 재난인자와 제내지에 노출된 사회 경제적 인자들 간의 복합적인 작용으로 발생하지만, 다차원홍수피해산정법을 비롯한 대부분의 모형에서는 침수심 만을 고려하고 있다. 최근 국외에서는 홍수피해와 영향인자 간의 관계를 규명하여 홍수피해액 평가 시 침수심 외 중요한 기타 인자를 고려하는 연구가 시도된 바 있으나, 국내에서는 이것과 관련한 연구가 그동안 거의 진행된 바 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 주거건물을 대상으로 홍수피해 영향인자를 규명하고자 과거 피해지역을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하여 자료를 수집하였으며, 설문조사에 앞서 사전 문헌연구를 바탕으로 수리/수문학적 인자, 건물특성인자, 예방인자, 조기경보/조치인자, 사회 경제적인자, 피해인자로 설문항목을 크게 구분하여 설문지를 설계하였다. 설문조사는 2014년 8월에 광범위하게 피해가 발생한 부산광역시를 대상으로 1대1면접조사 방식으로 진행하였으며, 수집된 자료로부터 상관분석, 데이터마이닝 등의 통계적 분석을 통해 침수심 외 몇몇 중요한 피해액 영향인자를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 평가된 홍수피해 영향인자는 향후 홍수피해평가 모델을 개발하거나 홍수피해저감을 위한 세부적인 계획에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

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Development of a model to forecast the external migration rate in development projects reflecting city characteristics

  • Kim, Ki-Bum;Park, Joon;Seo, Jee-Won;Yu, Young-Jun;Hyun, In-Hwan;Koo, Ja-Yong
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.406-419
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    • 2018
  • In planning public service systems such as waterworks, the design population is very important factor. Owing to the limitations of the indirect method, two new models, which take into consideration urban characteristics, were developed to accurately predict external migration rate (EMR), which is an essential component in estimating reliably the design population. The root mean square error (RMSE) between the model values and observed values were 10.12 and 15.58 for the metropolitan cities and counties respectively and were lower compared to RMSE values of 27.31 and 28.79 obtained by the indirect method. Thus, the developed models provide a more accurate estimate of EMR than the indirect method. In addition, the major influencing factors for external migration in counties were development type, ageing index, number of businesses. On the other hand, the major influencing migration factors for cities were project scale, distance to city center, manufacturing size, population growth rate and residential environment. Future medium and long-term studies would be done to identify emerging trends to appropriately inform policy making.

Evaluation of Flood Impact Variables and Development of Flood Damage Function for Residential Buildings and Contents (주거건물 홍수피해 영향인자 평가 및 손상함수 개발)

  • Choi, Cheon kyu;Kim, Gil Ho;Kim, Kyung Tak;Kim, Hung Soo
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2017.05a
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    • pp.44-44
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    • 2017
  • 홍수 피해 특성을 파악하고 영향 인자를 평가하여 홍수 피해로 인한 손실을 추정하는 것은 홍수 예방과 피해 저감을 위한 대책 마련 및 정책수립을 위해 매우 중요하다. 이 중 홍수로 인한 주거건물의 피해는 일반 주민들과 직접적인 관련이 있다. 그러나 국내의 경우, 홍수피해 정보를 수집하기 위한 체계적인 조사 방법이 확립되어 있지 않아 주거건물 및 내용물의 피해가 과소평가되는 경향이 있다. 본 연구에서는 주거건물 및 내용물에 대해 홍수피해 정보의 체계적인 수집을 위해 주거건물 설문조사지를 활용하였다. 수집된 홍수피해 정보는 주거건물과 건물내용물의 홍수피해율과 영향인자간의 관계 분석에 활용하였으며, 국내 실정에 적합한 홍수피해 손상함수를 개발하고 적용 및 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 홍수로 인한 주거건물의 피해에 영향을 주는 대표 인자는 건물내 침수심과 출입구 높이로 평가되었으며, 건물내용물에 영향을 주는 인자는 건물내 침수심, 이송잡물로 나타났다. 한편, 주거건물과 내용물에 대한 손상함수를 건물내 침수심을 활용하여 회귀분석을 통해 개발하였으며, 개발된 손상함수는 국내 홍수피해 평가 모델인 다차원법과 비교 평가하였다. 평가 결과, 주거건물 피해액은 다차원법이 크게 산정되었으며, 건물내용물 피해액은 손상함수가 크게 산정된 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 수행한 주거건물과 건물내용물의 홍수피해 영향인자 평가 결과는 홍수피해 저감 대책 수립 및 향후 홍수피해를 추정하는데 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

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Temporal Trend Analysis of Contamination using Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network Data (지하수 수질측정망 자료를 활용한 시간적 오염도 추이변화 분석)

  • Bang, Sara;Yoo, Keunje;Park, Joonhong
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.120-128
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    • 2011
  • Korea Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network is a database of annual groundwater quality survey results to prevent groundwater pollution. We estimated contamination index (CI) values for each type of land use, and analyzed temporal trends of pollutant concentration data in the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network from 2001 to 2009. Among the pollutants considered in the database, the concentrations of nitrate and chloride were higher than their standards. In the case of nitrate, recreation parks, golf courses and general waste dumping regions showed increasing trends according to linear regression analysis, whereas industrial complexes and residential regions of urgan and recreation parks showed increasing trends in the chloride concentration data. According to multiple variable linear regression analysis, EC, pH and topography were major factors influencing CI values. These results suggest that groundwater with a high CI value and increasing trend is vulnerable for potential contamination, which requires more careful groundwater pollution control.

Metaheuristic-designed systems for simultaneous simulation of thermal loads of building

  • Lin, Chang;Wang, Junsong
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.677-691
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    • 2022
  • Water cycle algorithm (WCA) has been a very effective optimization technique for complex engineering problems. This study employs the WCA for simultaneous prediction of heating load (LH) and cooling load (LC) in residential buildings. This algorithm is responsible for optimally tuning a neural network (NN). Utilizing 614 records, the behavior of the LH and LC is explored and the captured knowledge is then used to predict for 154 unanalyzed building conditions. Since the WCA is a population-based algorithm, different numbers of the searching agents were tested to find the most optimum configuration. It was observed that the best solution is discovered by 500 agents. A comparison with five newly-developed benchmark optimizers, namely equilibrium optimizer (EO), multi-tracker optimization algorithm (MTOA), slime mould algorithm (SMA), multi-verse optimizer (MVO), and electromagnetic field optimization (EFO) revealed that the WCANN predicts the desired parameters with considerably larger accuracy. Obtained root mean square errors (1.4866, 2.1296, 2.8279, 2.5727, 2.5337, and 2.3029 for the LH and 2.1767, 2.6459, 3.1821, 2.9732, 2.9616, and 2.6890 for the LC) indicated that the most reliable prediction was presented by the proposed model. The EFONN, however, provided a more time-effective solution. Lastly, an explicit predictive formula was elicited from the WCANN.

Experiment on the Feasibility of Cleaning Building Pipelines using Ultrasonic Cavitation

  • Jo, Jae-Hyun;Lee, Ung-Kyun;Kim, Jae-Yeob;Lee, Sungchul;Kim, Kukhyun
    • International conference on construction engineering and project management
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    • 2022.06a
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    • pp.295-303
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    • 2022
  • Residential heating systems in South Korea are largely based on the use of ondol pipelines. Heat is transferred to the floor by passing hot water through a metal or plastic pipe buried within the concrete of the floor. Consequently, it is difficult to clean the inside of these pipes after installation. Over time, foreign substances such as scale accumulate in the pipe when the ondol heating method is used for an extended period. Therefore, in the past, pipes were cleaned by removing foreign substances attached to the inside surfaces of the pipes using high-pressure water or by disassembling the pipes and removing foreign substances with chemical agents. Recently, a method for removing foreign substances through the cavitation effect of ultrasound has been proposed. This idea might lead to the development of new technologies for cleaning pipe interiors. Consequently, this study investigated the use of ultrasound to clean pipes embedded in concrete. In this study, devices that generated ultrasonic waves with various frequencies and directions were prepared. After preparing arbitrarily contaminated pipes, the appropriate frequency, output strength, and output direction for each foreign substance were determined through repeated experiments. The results of this experiment could provide important information for future methods of cleaning the interior of ondol piping systems.

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A Study on Air Quality and Monitoring System in Busan (부산시의 대기오염과 측정망(감시망)에 관한 고찰)

  • 박재림
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.37-48
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    • 1975
  • Air pollutants were measured to get useful data in preventing and controlling the pollution at industrial and semi-industrial, commercial, cross-road and residential areas by season in Busan from September 1973 to June 1974. Teated were dustfalls(ton/$km^2$/month)by Deposit Gauge method, sulfuric anhydride(mg $SO_3/day/100cm^2 PbO_2$) by Lead Peroxide candle method. The relations between pollution and metherologlcal factors and source of pollution were discussed, The findings are as follows: 1. The mean value of dustfalls was 24.8 tons rangi~ng from 12.5 tons to 44.5 tons. The highest amount of dustfalls of 29.0 tons was measured in crossroad areas while the 1oeest of 22.7 tons in commercial areas, and Winter the highest of 27.7 tons while in Spring the lowest of 21.2 tons. 2. The mean value of water soluble substances was 31.7 per cent, and seasonal variation of pH was shown as 4.20 in Autumn, 3.85 in Summer and 2.76 in Winter. 3. The mean value of sulfuric anhydride was 1.54mg ranging from 0.197mg to 4.162 mg. The highest concentration of sulfuric anhydride of 2.03mg was detected in cross-road areas while thelowest of 1.23mg in residential areas, and Summer the highest of 2.18mg while in Spring the lowest of 1.09mg(0. 92mg in Nov. 1973) 4. Dustfalls are more with the decreased of relative humidity and precipitation while concentrat:on of sulfuric anhydrides are more with the increased of relative humidity. 5. There is a probability of occuring chronic symptoms(respiratory and others) as the dustfalls with 24.8 tons and sulfuric anhydride with 1.54mg in Busan. According to this, it is the time to discuss monitoring system and systematic preventing methods.

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A Study on the Source Profile Development for Fine Particles (PM2.5) Emitted from Biomass Burning (Biomass-burning에서 배출되는 미세입자 (PM2.5)의 배출원 구성물질 성분비 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Byung-Wook;Lee, Hak-Sung
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.384-395
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    • 2012
  • This study was performed to develop the source profiles for fine particles ($PM_{2.5}$) emitted from the biomass burning. The multi-method research strategy included a usage of combustion devices such as field burning, fireplace, and residential wood burning to burn rice straw, fallen leaves, pine tree, and oak tree. The data were collected from multiple sources and measured water-soluble ions, elements, elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC). From this study, it turned out that OC (34~67%) and EC (1.2~39%) are the major components emitted from biomass burning. In the case of burning rice straw at field burning, OC (66.6%) was the most abundant species, followed by EC (4.3%), $Cl^-$ (3.6%), Cl (2.1%), and $SO^{2-}_4$(1.9%). Burning rice straw, fallen leaves, pine tree, and oak tree at fireplace, the amount of OC was 58.5%, 52.7%, 52.5%, and 61.2%, and that of EC was 1.2%, 18.4%, 36.5%, and 2.7%, respectively. The ratio of OC for the burning of pine tree and oak tree from the residential wood burning device was 56.9% and 34.3%, and that of EC was 25% and 38.6%, respectively. Applying the measured data with respect to the proportion of components emitted from biomass burning to reference model, it turned out that self-diagnosed result was appropriate level, and the result based on the model is in highly corresponding to actual timing of biomass burning.