• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2007

The object of this research was to observe the female college 220 students of aged 19-24 for four years and to examine somatotypes distribution; this research intends to contribute to the fitness of clothes by studying the body distribution that affects the clothing structure. The measurement and wearing experiment for somatotypes are done years annually. The average, standard deviation and coefficient of variation was calculated by the SAS program. The research results are as follows: The three somatotypes of side view silhouette (straight type, bend-forward type, lean-back type) showed fairly even distribution. As a result of dressing experiment with the basic bodice pattern, the most influential factor on its suitability was found to be the neck area, shoulder and ease of bodice respectively. The partial body types to observe were categorized as: shoulder(normal, slope, squared), bust(A cup, B cup, C cup), hips (normal, droop, projecting). As for the result for full body type by BMI, normal type was most dominant, and for the categorization by drop, the type A which is with small breasts and large hips was most prevalent.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2011

This research attempts to analyze communication effect of book-trailer as the promotion tool for book from various genre. For this research, existing book-trailers were classified into five types and prospective readers were selected as respondents for this research. Letter explanation type, Interview, cinematic production, stills and straplines, and animation were major type of book-trailer. Findings are 1) communication effect are different according to the type of book-trailers; 2) cinematic production and animation are the most effective type of book-trailers; 3) for memory and confirmation(sharing), a)stills and straplines, interview type, b) cinematic production and animation are founded as similar groups creating communication effect. Result of this research proposed the direction of production and practical use of book-trailer by scientific basis for publication marketer and book-trailer producer. ANOVA was used for analysis of hypothesis; measuring communication effect according to the type of book-trailer and sexuality.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.234-241
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• 1996

Two hundreds and thirty lactic acid bacteria, mostly isolated from Kimchi, including type strains were used for analysis of cellular fatty acids. The 230 test strains were recoverd in 7 major and 1 single clusters defined at Euclidian distance of 17.5. These aggregate taxa were equivalent to the genus Leuconostoc (aggregate group A, B, C and D), the genus Lactobacillus (aggregate group F), the genera Lactobacillus and Pediococcus (aggregate group E) and the genera Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus (aggregate group G). It is concluded as evident that FAMEs (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) profile of cell can be used as a criterion in classification of lactic acid bacteria from kimchi. Additional comparative taxonomic studies need to be carried out on well chosen representative strains to determine the most appropriate methods of value.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.100-113
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• 2021

Purpose: Previous studies have solely focused on fresh extraction sockets, whereas in clinical settings, alveolar sockets are commonly associated with chronic inflammation. Because the extent of tissue destruction varies depending on the origin and the severity of inflammation, infected alveolar sockets may display various configurations of their remaining soft and hard tissues following tooth extraction. The aim of this study was to classify infected alveolar sockets and to provide the appropriate treatment approaches. Methods: A proposed classification of extraction sockets with chronic inflammation was developed based upon the morphology of the bone defect and soft tissue at the time of tooth extraction. The prevalence of each type of the suggested classification was determined retrospectively in a cohort of patients who underwent, between 2011 and 2015, immediate bone grafting procedures (ridge preservation/augmentation) after tooth extractions at Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Results: The extraction sockets were classified into 5 types: type I, type II, type III, type IV (A & B), and type V. In this system, the severity of bone and soft tissue breakdown increases from type I to type V, while the reconstruction potential and treatment predictability decrease according to the same sequence of socket types. The retrospective screening of the included extraction sites revealed that most of the sockets assigned to ridge preservation displayed features of type IV (86.87%). Conclusions: The present article classified different types of commonly observed infected sockets based on diverse levels of ridge destruction. Type IV sockets, featuring an advanced breakdown of alveolar bone, appear to be more frequent than the other socket types.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics of set-booth in beauty salon as well as to suggest the basic design data for franchise beauty salon. The method of this research was based on field observation of the franchise beauty salon in Seoul. The results of this research are as follows. 1) In set-booth type analysis, set-mirror wall type and set-mirror partition type are mainly used, but set-mirror table type is not showed in this research. 2) In terms of scale, wall type and partition type are classified as large scale, wall type and partition type are used as meduim scale. In shop front analysis, the result is shown in two things. If it is type, they used partition type and if it is close type, they used wall type. 3) Set-mirror is consisted of mirror and drawer and it is classified by 4 types with combination method. In a result, most of them used separated mirror type because they want to emphasize the separation between set booth and its layout. 4) Lighting method has 4 types; corniced type, bracket type, pendant type and downlight type. Among them, downlight is showed as the most-used.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2016

Purpose: According to the characteristic of hanok public building, Planning criterion of structure, technology, efficiency, design is needed which can includes various type of new-hanok type public buildings. In this paper, we collect expert opinions to be used as a basis for developing models of New-hanok type Public Buildings. Method: This study was conducted in Research Study and expert surveys. The Part of reviewing Study looked at conception of new-hanok type public buildings model development and overview planning criterion set briefly. Expert surveys were targeted to professors and architects who are related in new-hanok type public buildings model development research. Result: In this study, we suggest improvement direction about planning criterion of new-hanok type public buildings model development based on opinions collected by expert surveys. In conclusion, first, In concept and legal status, it is necessary to adjust clearly than the term and legal status of new-hanok type. Second, various applicability is needed by using new materials and new construction method at the part of planning elements. Third, 'composed structure-convergence type' and 'composed structure-juxtaposed type' should be clearly classified or combined at the part of Setting of type. Forth, improvement on heat insulation, soundproof, waterproof efficiency is demanded to roof, wall, window systems. Fifth, arranging revitalization plan is important.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2013

Various voltage-gated $K^+$ currents were recently described in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. However, the characterization and diversity of voltage-gated $K^+$ currents have not been well studied in trigeminal root ganglion (TRG) neurons, which are similar to the DRG neurons in terms of physiological roles and anatomy. This study was aimed to investigate the characteristics and diversity of voltage-gated $K^+$ currents in acutely isolated TRG neurons of rat using whole cell patch clamp techniques. The first type (type I) had a rapid, transient outward current ($I_A$) with the largest current size having a slow inactivation rate and a sustained delayed rectifier outward current ($I_K$) that was small in size having a fast inactivation rate. The $I_A$ currents of this type were mostly blocked by TEA and 4-AP, K channel blockers whereas the $I_K$ current was inhibited by TEA but not by 4-AP. The second type had a large $I_A$ current with a slow inactivation rate and a medium size-sustained delayed $I_K$ current with a slow inactivation rate. In this second type (type II), the sensitivities of the $I_A$ or $I_K$ current by TEA and 4-AP were similar to those of the type I. The third type (type III) had a medium sized $I_A$ current with a fast inactivation rate and a large sustained $I_K$ current with the slow inactivation rate. In type III current, TEA decreased both $I_A$ and $I_K$ but 4-AP only blocked $I_A$ current. The fourth type (type IV) had a smallest $I_A$ with a fast inactivation rate and a large $I_K$ current with a slow inactivation rate. TEA or 4-AP similarly decreased the $I_A$ but the $I_K$ was only blocked by 4-AP. These findings suggest that at least four different voltage-gated $K^+$ currents in biophysical and pharmacological properties exist in the TRG neurons of rats.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.743-753
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• 2019

This study investigates differences in demographic characteristics, shopping orientation, perceived risk, and satisfaction after purchase among consumer types. This study classifies consumer types according to their channel transition behaviors between the online and offline channels with a focus on the steps of information research and buying decision in buying decision-making process. The four consumer groups are as follows: off-off type (offline research-offline purchase), on-on type (online research-online purchase), on-off type (online research-offline purchase) and on/off-off type (online and offline research-offline purchase), off-on type (offline research-online purchase) and on/off-on type (online and offline research-online purchase). Data were collected from adults over 20 years old who had bought clothes within one year. The questionnaire was carried out from July, 2019 using a professional internet research panel; in addition, 500 sets of useful data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, reliability analysis, chi-squared test, ANOVA and Duncan-test using SPSS 21.0. The findings showed significant differences among the classified consumer groups for consumer demographics, shopping orientation, perceived risk, and purchase after satisfaction. The results imply that consumers show a variety of channel transition behaviors based on demographic variables, shopping orientation, and perceived risk. Understanding and adapting to consumer purchase behaviors will allow company distribution channels to be effectively managed and eventually increase consumer satisfaction as well as company sales volume.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2000

Four different FITC-conjugated lectins were used to visually evaluate lectin binding activity by optical staining quality using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of Cochzodinium polykrikoides in nature (wild type) and culture (cultured type). Cells from the field and cultures treated with ConA fluoresced only at the outer cell wall, and the abundance and distribution of the fluorescent signal were similar. Treatment with PWM and HPA did not elicit fluorescence at the cell surface, but the wild type exposed to HPA showed greater binding than did the cultured cells, possibly due to greater concentrations of glucosamine. The wild type cells treated with LBL lectin showed a strong green fluorescence on the cell surface, whereas cultured cells did not. Signal intensity and abundance were greater than for any other lectins tested in this study. These results suggest that wild type and cultured type are significantly different based on surface sugar production. In particular, the wild type cells apear richer in galactosamine-like moieties. Neither glucose nor mannose-like moieties were present in either wild types or cultured cells.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2010

This study monitored a variety of marine fish communities in artificial reefs unit of the total 5 types (Dice type, Octagonal turtle type, Two-stage tube type, Gazebo type, Tetrapod type) which are located in the marine ranching at Jeju island by scuba diving in May, July, October and December 2009. Underwater photographing was accomplished at total 3 phases (condition of artificial reefs photographing, concentric circle movement photographing and line transect photographing). The preservation condition of artificial reefs facility was very good, and the dominant species were Chromis notatus, Sebastes thompsoni, Oplegnathus fasciatus and Halichoeres poecilopterus. Fish abundance was high in May and June, and low in October and December, 2009. Chromis notatus was dominant at the all types of artificial reefs, Halichoeres poecilopterus for Gazebo type and Tetrapod type of artificial reefs, and Sebastes thompsoni for Dice type, Octagonal turtle type and Two-stage tube type of artificial reefs.