• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.7-15
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• 2022

With the aim of an intelligent world in the age of individual customization through decentralization of information and technology, sharing/opening, and connection, we often see a tendency to cross expectations and concerns in the technological discourse and interest in artificial intelligence more than ever. Recently, it is easy to find claims by futurists that AI singularity will appear before and after 2045. Now, as part of preparations to create a paradigm of coexistence that coexists and prosper with AI in the coming age of artificial intelligence, a standard framework for setting up more correct AI ethics and regulations is required. This is because excluding the risk of omission of setting major guidelines and methods for evaluating reasonable and more reasonable guideline items and evaluation standards are increasingly becoming major research issues. In order to solve these research problems and at the same time to develop continuous experiences and learning effects on AI ethics and regulation setting, we collect guideline data on AI ethics and regulation of international organizations / countries / companies, and research and suggest ways to set up a standard framework (SF: Standard Framework) through a setting research model and text mining exploratory analysis. The results of this study can be contributed as basic prior research data for more advanced AI ethics and regulatory guidelines item setting and evaluation methods in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.367-376
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• 2021

The aimed of this research was to identify the influence of perception of the vocational ethics and education on job stress and job commitment in occupational therapists. 173 occupational therapists measure for perception of vocational ethics and education, job stress and job commitment, the findings of the study were as follows. First, perception of vocational ethics and education was correlated with job stress, job commitment(p<.01). Second, perception of vocational ethics and education sub-factor of education experience(p<.01), seriousness of ethical issues(p<.05) was found to have affected the job stress. Third, perception of vocational ethics and education sub-factor of education experience(p<.05) was found to have affected the job commitment. Through the results of this study, systematic education will be needed to recognize the importance of vocational ethics and improve it.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 2021

The impacts that AI and robotics systems can and will have on our everyday lives are already making themselves manifest. However, there is a lack of research on the ethical impacts and means for amelioration regarding AI and robotics within tourism and hospitality. Given the importance of designing technologies that cross national boundaries, and given that the tourism and hospitality industry is fundamentally predicated on multicultural interactions, this is an area of research and application that requires particular attention. Specifically, tourism and hospitality have a range of context-unique stakeholders that need to be accounted for in the salient design of AI systems is to be achieved. This paper adopts a stakeholder approach to develop the conceptual framework to centralize human values in designing and deploying AI and robotics systems in tourism and hospitality. The conceptual framework includes several layers - 'Human-human-AI' interaction level, direct and indirect stakeholders, and the macroenvironment. The ethical issues on each layer are outlined as well as some possible solutions to them. Additionally, the paper develops a research agenda on the topic.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.41-50
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• 2022

Purpose - Through multinational corporate ethics and environmental, social, and governance (ESG), various policy and strategic countermeasures for transparent management in the management and economic fields are presented. Research design, data, and methodology - A literature review is conducted to find important areas for transparent management and to summarize and present transparent management countermeasures based on simple brainstorming opinions from experts. Result - Issues facing transparent management are presented. In particular, multinational enterprises present cases involving prevention of transfer prices and tax avoidance in relation to Industry 4.0. Additionally, a plan is presented to establish a corruption-free economic system through the practice of ESG transparency, ethical management of social enterprises, and transparent management. Conclusion - According to the brainstorming opinions of experts, ESG management and ethical management should be the cornerstone of transparent management in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to institutionally supplement the imposition of digital taxes on fourth industrial companies.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.173-206
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• 2019

This research examines the characteristic of regulation on Japanese clinical research in recent years. First, Japan has had a severe punishment policy on research misconduct like Korea, but, in recent days, Japan has changed the direction of research ethics policy from restriction to research publicness securement by educational training, in addition, Act of Clinical Research, effected April 2018, has recruited excellent researchers, and then integrated clinical research and medicine clinical trial through raising transparency of funding and integrating ethics screening by mandating announcement on funding information of clinical research. Second, Japan has integrated and organized ethics guideline from dual system that consists of ethics guideline on dynamic research(here after, referred to as 「dynamic guideline」) and ethics guideline on clinical research(here after, referred to as 「clinical guideline」) to ethics guideline on medical research aimed at human(here after, referred to as 「integrated guideline」), thus, it complements repetition and deficit of ethics guideline needed in clinical research and dynamic research, and it has risk evaluation system for protecting human subjects, and also it clarifies the concept of 「invasiveness」, a preliminary consideration of evaluation. 「Evaluation issue of risk and profit」, common contents of international regulation related clinical research, is the method to check whether the research is designed appropriately or not, this is the method for Institutional Review Board to decide whether the risk on human subjects could be justified, and also this is the important standard for future human subjects to participate in clinical trial. Therefore, it is meaningful to define 「invasiveness」 concept, a preliminary consideration of risk evaluation for human subjects. This research examines Japanese clinical trial focusing on change of awareness on prevention of research misconduct, efficiency improvement of research through research screening and integration of human subjects, and clarification and extension of range of 「invasiveness」 concept, a preliminary of risk evaluation to protect human subjects.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.103-105
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• 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is rapidly spreading across various industries. Accordingly, interest in ethical issues arising from the use of AI is also increasing. This is particularly true in the healthcare sector, where AI-related ethical issues are a significant topic due to its focus on health and life. Hence, this issue aims to examine the ethical concerns when using AI tools during research and publication processes. One of the key concerns is the potential for unintended plagiarism when researchers use AI tools for tasks such as translation, citation, and editing. Currently, as AI is not given authorship, the researcher is held accountable for any ethical problems arising from using AI tools. Researchers are advised to specify which AI tools were used and how they were employed in their research papers. As more cases of ethical issues related to AI tools accumulate, it is expected that various guidelines will be developed. Therefore, researchers should stay informed about global consensus and guidelines regarding the use of AI tools in the research and publication process.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.314-325
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• 2013

Background: Stem cell research competition is accelerating globally since President Obama signed an executive order, repealing Bush-era policy that limited use of federal tax dollars for embryonic stem cell research. Methods: In this paper, we conducted a comparative analysis of stem cell research policy changes in three countries, including the Human Fertilisation Embryology Act (HFEA) of UK, executive order 13,505 (removing barriers to responsible scientific research involving human stem cells) of USA, and Bioethics and Safety Act of South Korea. Debates on stem cell research are based on conflicts of fundamental beliefs that exist in the supporting and opposing coalitions. We compared regional characteristics of the advocacy coalitions in three countries and presented various factors that might be related to the policy changes. Results: The UK government, parliament, and the HFEA have sought expert consultations and public opinions to establish guidelines. UK has made social consensus through continued discussion for a long time. US President's veto power was one strongest factors influencing policy. South Korean policy was influenced by public opinion and policy brokers. Also, South Korea has not made social consensus. UK had a strong leadership and strong adjustment of coalitions but US and South Korea had not. Dr. Hwang's scandal has had one of the greatest impacts on policy decision in South Korea. Conclusion: The power of public opinion was critical in all three countries. In particular, the influence of public opinion was noticeable in South Korea. Also it turned out that in US and South Korea, the presence of a policy broker who could pursue his or her goals was the most powerful factor among the advocacy coalition factors.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.453-463
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• 2018

This research was a descriptive study to investigate the effects of nursing students' biomedical ethics, and critical thinking on attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. The Participant were 367 nursing students and date were collected from November until December of 2017. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 21.0. There was a significant positive correlation between attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. Also, the influencing factor on attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment were biomedical ethics, academic grade, subjective health status, and personality types. These factors explained 36.6% of variance. In conclusion, the higher the awareness of biomedical ethics, the more positive attitude toward the withdrawal of lifelong treatment. Based on the results above, we need to develop diverse and systematic educational programs for nursing students.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.219-229
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop a short biomedical ethics tool for healthcare workers, compare it with pre-existing tool, and increase reliability. Data were collected from 211 healthcare workers working in G-do. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out using Varimax rotation extraction method in IBM SPSS WIN/21.0. Convergent validity of the tool was verified by regression and correlation analysis with original tool score. Reliability was verified by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient and internal consistency coefficient. The short, reduced 21 questions tool reflected 84% of pre-existing tool's biomedical ethics. Its reliability was higher than the 29 question tool for nursing students, but there were differences in the components of subdomains and reliability coefficient. Additional development of questions through qualitative research and interviews are needed to increase reliability of the subdomains. Measurement of biomedical ethics dilemma with the tool that has validity and reliability is needed, followed by replication studies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.71-86
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a scale to measure the ethical awareness of users who accept artificial intelligence technology or service. To this end, the constructs and properties of AI ethics were identified through literature analysis on AI ethics. Reliability and validity were assessed through a preliminary survey(N=273), after conducting an open-type survey to men and women(N=133) in 10s to 70s nationwide, extracting the first questions, and reviewing them by experts. The results of an online survey conducted on men and women(N=500) were refined by confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, an AI technology ethics scale was developed. The AI technology ethics awareness scale was developed with 16 questions in total of 4 factors (transparency, safety, fairness, accountability) so that general awareness of ethics related to AI technology can be measured by detailed factors. In addition, through follow-up research, it will be possible to reveal the relationship with measurement variables in various fields by using the ethical awareness scale of artificial intelligence technology.