• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.402-411
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• 2016

The concept of the meridian system is originated from an empirical, systematic references in the clinical setting, which does not always require anatomical features. As the principles of systems biology are mainly associated with regulating the body's internal environment to maintain a stable condition, they are closely similar to the theory of the meridian system. In this review, I describe the origin of the concept of the meridian system, current status of research on the meridian system and acupuncture points, and the future directions of the research. To unravel the entity of the meridian system, we have to start from understanding its origin and clinical significance. The meridian system, as a theoretical model of the indications of acupuncture points, can help to understand the interconnections that underlie the pathologies of particular diseases or symptoms. Based on the establishment of clinical data platform for acupuncture research, we can extract novel medical information from the clinical data and generate analytical models that are useful for medical knowledge discovery on acupuncture points in the future.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.15.1-15.6
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• 2020

Named entity recognition tools are used to identify mentions of biomedical entities in free text and are essential components of high-quality information retrieval and extraction systems. Without good entity recognition, methods will mislabel searched text and will miss important information or identify spurious text that will frustrate users. Most tools do not capture non-contiguous entities which are separate spans of text that together refer to an entity, e.g., the entity "type 1 diabetes" in the phrase "type 1 and type 2 diabetes." This type is commonly found in biomedical texts, especially in lists, where multiple biomedical entities are named in shortened form to avoid repeating words. Most text annotation systems, that enable users to view and edit entity annotations, do not support non-contiguous entities. Therefore, experts cannot even visualize non-contiguous entities, let alone annotate them to build valuable datasets for machine learning methods. To combat this problem and as part of the BLAH6 hackathon, we extended the TextAE platform to allow visualization and annotation of non-contiguous entities. This enables users to add new subspans to existing entities by selecting additional text. We integrate this new functionality with TextAE's existing editing functionality to allow easy changes to entity annotation and editing of relation annotations involving non-contiguous entities, with importing and exporting to the PubAnnotation format. Finally, we roughly quantify the problem across the entire accessible biomedical literature to highlight that there are a substantial number of non-contiguous entities that appear in lists that would be missed by most text mining systems.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2018

AA7010 is an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy containing Zr, developed as an alternate to traditional AA7075 alloy owing to their high strength combined with better fracture toughness. It is necessary to improve the corrosion resistance and surface properties of the alloy by incorporating plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method. AA7010-T7452 aluminum alloy has been processed through the forging route with multi-stage working operations, and was coated with $10{\mu}m$ thick $Al_2O_3$ ceramic aluminina coating using the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method. The corrosion, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and nano-mechanical behaviours were examined by means of potentiodynamic polarization, slow strain rate test (SSRT) and nano-indentation tests. The results indicated that the additional thermomechanical treatment during the forging process caused a fully recrystallized microstructure, which lead to the poor environmental cracking resistance of the alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution, despite the overaging treatment. Although the fabricated PEO coating improved general corrosion resistance, the brittle nature of the coating did not provide any improvement in SCC resistance of the alloy. However, the hardness and elastic modulus of the coating were significantly higher than the base alloy.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제5권9호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2016

특허 정보검색에서는 검색 정확도를 높이거나 유사 특허들을 검색하기 위한 목적으로 청구항 등 특허 기술 문서의 내용을 대표하는 개체명 인식이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 특허 개체명을 자동으로 인식하기 위하여 기계 학습 기법에서 태깅 문제 해결에 매우 우수한 성능을 보이는 조건부 랜덤 필드 기법을 이용하는 특허 개체명 인식 방법을 제안하였다. 개체명 태깅이 되어 있는 특허 문서 말뭉치에서 66만 어절을 학습용 데이터로 사용하여 특허 개체명 시스템을 구축하고, 7만 어절을 평가용 데이터로 사용하여 성능 평가를 하였다. 실험 결과에 의하면 개체명 인식 정확도는 93.6%이고, 개체명 인식 성능을 수작업 태깅 결과와 비교하여 일치도를 평가했을 때 카파 계수는 0.67로 나타났다. 이 카파 계수값은 두 사람의 수작업 태깅 결과에 대한 카파 계수 0.6 보다 높은 것으로 특허 개체명 인식 시스템이 수작업 태깅을 대신하여 실용적으로 활용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2016

Purpose - The present study aimed to investigate the difference between entity theorists and incremental theorists in the extent of attributing efforts and traits of consumers for the realization of pursued goals. Furthermore, the present study was conducted to determine the difference depending on circumstances. In this regard, the circumstances where consumers felt pride were divided into those in which important goals and ordinary life goals were achieved. Research design, data, and methodology - An empirical study was performed, which was divided into group 1 and 2. Group 1 is the experimental group concerned with the important goal achievement, and group 2 is the control group related to daily ordinary goal achievement. 80 college students were assigned to each group, respectively. The empirical study for each of the two groups was performed respectively by means of questionnaire survey. In the experimental group, t-test was used to verify the hypotheses for the empirical study. In the circumstances of the control group, t-test was also used to examine whether the results were same as those shown from the analysis of experimental group data or not. Results - According to the group 1 and 2, the t-test of the empirical study showed that entity theorists tended to attribute the achievements of goals to their traits more than incremental theorists did, whereas the incremental theorists tended to attribute achievements of goals to their efforts more than entity theorists did in the important goals-achieved circumstance. In the circumstance of daily life goals-achieved, additional questionnaire survey and analysis were conducted, however, there was no difference between incremental and entity theorists in regard to attributing realization of goals to their efforts, and it leads to assess the difference in the meaning of invested efforts between important goal and ordinary goal achievement. Conclusions - Considering that the feeling of consumers has been regarded as one of the significant factors in marketing mix management, the results of this study are considered as significant implications for management. The implications can be said that when incremental consumers feel authentic pride in the important goals-achieved circumstance, marketers are requested to emphasize the fact that the efforts of consumers have contributed to realization of the important goals. By contrast, when consumers feel hubristic pride in both circumstances, marketers are requested to approach to entity-oriented consumers by way of trait. Authentic and hubristic pride are pervasive and engendered by important events or daily routines, and they could have effect on delaying making decisions. Therefore, it is necessary for future research to examine the unexplored difference of effect between incidental authentic and hubristic pride on consumer's self-control. In particular, future researches are related to the extent of difference in attributing efforts and traits. The consumers'realization for the previously pursued goals between entity theorists and incremental theorists affects their present or long distant decisions in self-control dilemmas. The consumers are faced with choosing one between virtuous long term- related option and vice immediate option.

• Carbon letters
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.180-186
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• 2014

This study highlights a novel method and mechanism for the rapid and effective milling of carbon fibers (CFs) in silicon carbide (SiC) powder, and also the dispersion of CFs in SiC powder. The composite powders were prepared by chopping and exfoliation of CFs, and ball milling of CFs and SiC powder in isopropyl alcohol. A wide range of CFs loading, from 10 to 50 vol%, was studied. The milling of CFs and SiC powder was checked by measuring the average particle size of the composite powders. The dispersivity of CFs in SiC powder was checked through scanning electron microscope. The results show that the usage of exfoliated CF tows resulted in a rapid and effective milling of CFs and SiC powder. The results further show an excellent dispersion of CFs in SiC powder for all CFs loading without any dispersing agent.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.1038-1048
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• 2021

We propose an end-to-end neural coreference resolution for the Korean language that uses an attention mechanism to point to the same entity. Because Korean is a head-final language, we focused on a method that uses a pointer network based on the head. The key idea is to consider all nouns in the document as candidates based on the head-final characteristics of the Korean language and learn distributions over the referenced entity positions for each noun. Given the recent success of applications using bidirectional encoder representation from transformer (BERT) in natural language-processing tasks, we employed BERT in the proposed model to create word representations based on contextual information. The experimental results indicated that the proposed model achieved state-of-the-art performance in Korean language coreference resolution.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.701-708
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• 2024

딥러닝 분야에서 트랜스포머 아키텍쳐의 출현은 자연어 처리 연구가 획기적인 발전을 가져왔다. 개체명 인식은 자연어 처리의 한 분야로 정보 검색과 같은 태스크에 중요한 연구 분야이다. 생의학 분야에서도 그 중요성이 강조되나 학습용 한국어 생의학 말뭉치의 부족으로 AI를 활용한 한국어 임상 연구 발전에 제약이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국어 생의학 개체명 인식을 위해 새로운 생의학 말뭉치를 구축하고 대용량 한국어 말뭉치로 사전 학습된 언어 모델들을 선정하여 전이 학습시켰다. F1-score로 선정된 언어 모델의 개체명 인식 성능과 태그별 인식률을 비교하고 오류 분석을 하였다. 인식 성능에서는 KlueRoBERTa가 상대적인 좋은 성능을 보였다. 태깅 과정의 오류 분석 결과 Disease의 인식 성능은 우수하나 상대적으로 Body와 Treatment는 낮았다. 이는 문맥에 기반하여 제대로 개체명을 분류하지 못하는 과분할과 미분할로 인한 것으로, 잘못된 태깅들을 보완하기 위해서는 보다 정밀한 형태소 분석기와 풍부한 어휘사전 구축이 선행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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• pp.253-256
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• 2009

본 논문은 기존의 단일 분야를 대상으로 서비스되고 있는 버티컬 검색의 한계를 지적하고 사용자의 검색 욕구를 보다 충실히 만족시키기 위해, 여러 분야 (개체 유형)들을 포함하는 실체 (개체)들이나 단일 분야 내의 실체들을 포함하는 질의어를 처리할 수 있는 다중 개체 중심적 통합 방식의 버티컬 검색을 제시한다. 이를 위해, 질의어를 분석하여 개체 유형 간 결합이 필요한 지를 판단한 후 동적으로 상황에 맞는 서비스 컴포넌트들을 결합하는 기술과 개체 유형 별 필드들을 구축하고 필드 별 검색을 수행하는 기술을 도입하였다. 버티컬 검색 서비스 분야로서 학술 연구 정보를 대상으로 하여 약 453,000 편의 해외 학술 저널 논문을 메타데이터 기반으로 등록하였으며, 개체 유형으로는 연구 주제와 연구자를 다루고 있다.

• 방재&안전
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2015

Although many years passed since 'The Legislative bill on the support of voluntary activities of enterprises for disaster reduction'(hereinafter referred to as 'enterprise disaster reduction act') has been first enacted in 2007, BCMS is still not activated in our society. In contrast, after 911 Terror, importance of BCM is getting magnified and standardization research & institutionalization i s a lso proceeding i all over world. Lately, Disaster preventing activities is urgently needed like the sinking of 'Sewol ferry'. So the purpose of this paper is proposed for establishment of 'BCMS' and activation of the certificate system for Best-Run Business by analyzing the problem of 'enterprise disaster reduction act' and weak of activation as following. First, propel changing the policy of self-regulated participation to mandatory about the certificate system for Best-Run Business from public entity to government ministry and it is able to activate by propelling demo business of the certificate system for Best-Run Business. Second, public entity that has been given the certificate system for Best-Run Business by affiliating with Disaster Management Assessment of government management can be exempted from Disaster Management Assessment or those entity can arrange for connectivity acquisition method of 'Excellent rate'. Third, to publicize the activation of the law mentioned above, makes public entity r ecognizable by incorporating 'BCMS' into National safety management plan and establishment of National critical infrastructures security plan. Fourth, it should be reviewed to improving the related act regarding to inclusion of public organizations as well as private enterprises.