• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2008

Plantlets of Alocasia amazonica regenerated under a photon flux density (PFD) of 15 or $30{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ showed better growth and development than those grown under higher PFDs. While chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b decreased, the number of stomata increased with increasing PFD. Photoperiods also affected plantlet growth and stomatal development. Highest growth was observed for the short photoperiod (8/16 h) and for equinoctial (12/12 h) light and dark periods. Very few stomata developed in the leaves of plantlets grown under a short photoperiod (8/16 h) and the number of stomata increased with increasing light period. In conclusion, both light intensity and photoperiod independently affect growth of A. amazonica and development of stomata, depending on the intensity and duration of light treatment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.9-13
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• 2014

Glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics(GFRTP) is made by adding chemical additive to glass fabric which is strong at a high temperate, incorrodible, and good at intensity and specific gravity. Although we focused on the weight lightening, the intensity of GFRTP is also important. To remedy thermoplastic resin's inferior property of matter to thermo-hardening resin, we formed several specimen, differing the chemical additive as Homo PP, MAPP 3%, Rubber 5%, and mixed. We put pressure of 5 type on the specimens. The analyses result for the different pressure, the resin spreads evenly, then the coherence is increased. Eventually, the mechanical properties are changed. When high intensity is needed, it is good idea to use polypropylene(PP) which has good coherence with glass fabric as chemical additive. We can get better intensity when we form the resin at the optimum pressure depending on mixing of chemical additive and glass fabric than when we increase the pressure.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2007

The present experiment was carried out to study the effects of light intensity on growth, survival, caudal fin shape, body composition, skin color and blood component of river puffer, Takifugu obscurus. Four light intensities (0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 lx) were tested in duplicates for 60 days. Specific growth rate (SGR), daily feeding rate (FR) and food coefficient (FC) were reduced following to the decrease of light intensity. However in survival rate there was not significantly different among groups. The damage extent of caudal fin was increased in more strong light intensity. In body composition, moisture and crude protein were only significantly difference according to light intensity. In body color, L and a were the highest in 0 lx. In blood analysis, the content of AST, ALT, GLU significantly increased in more powerful the intensity groups. It is concluded that the supplement of low light intensity (e.g. 0 lx) recommended for the commercial scale aquaculture of river puffer in land-based tank without growth and survival retardation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.595-603
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• 2014

This study is aimed to analyze the hydrodynamic characteristics of the cage net in the circulating water channel. It visualized wake flows using a PIV (paricle imaging velocimetry) and analyzed the flow velocity distribution. In addition, the vorticity and turbulence intensity were analyzed from the wake flow distribution and compared changes by flow velocity. Results showed that the average turbulence intensity in the circulating water channel was very stable showing less than 1% in the range between 0.2 and 0.8 m/s. The drag coefficient affecting to the netting was estimated to be 1.35. The flow decreasing rate of the wake in the middle of the netting was 2.1% at the range of 0.2 m/s and it was constant at 6.6-6.9% over the range of 0.4 m/s irrespective of velocity increases. Finally, the change of turbulence intensity by netting and knot mesh could be confirmed. These results can be utilized as a basic information for the future research of flow characteristics by fishing nets and meshes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.108-114
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• 2014

This paper describes a method to set an intensity-based initial validation gate for tracking filter while preserves the ability of tracking a target with maximum speed. First, we collected real data set of signal versus distance of an airplane target. And at each data point, we computed maximum distance the target can move. And a function is modeled to expect the maximum moving pixels on the lateral direction based on the intensity of the detected target in IR image sequence. The initial prediction error covariance can be computed using this function to decide the size of the initial validation gate. The simulation results show the proposed method can set the appropriate initial validation gates to track the targets with the maximum speed.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.71-74
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• 2015

Obesity and fitness have been identified as key health concerns among USA firefighters yet little is known about the current habits related to exercise and diet. In particular, high-intensity training (HIT) has gained increasing popularity among this population but limited quantitative data are available about how often it is used and the relationship between HIT and other outcomes. Using survey methodology, the current study evaluated self-reported HIT and diet practice among 625 male firefighters. Almost one-third (32.3%) of participants reported engaging in HIT. Body composition, as measured by waist circumference and percentage body fat, was significantly related to HIT training, with HIT participants being approximately half as likely to be classified as obese using body fat [odds ratio (OR) = 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.34-0.78] or waist circumference (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.37-0.98). Those who engaged in HIT were more than twice as likely as those who did not (OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.42-3.55) to meet fitness recommendations. Findings highlight directions for future prevention and intervention efforts.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.9 s.180
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• pp.2220-2227
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• 2000

In this paper, dynamic photoelastic hybrid method is developed and its validity is certified. The dynamic photoelastic hybrid method can be used on the obtaining of dynamic stress intensity factors and dynamic stress components. The effect of crack length on the dynamic stress intensity factors is less than those on the static stress intensity factors. When structures are under the dynamic mixed mode load, dynamic stress intensity factor of mode I is almost produced. Dynamic loading device manufactured in this research can be used on the research of dynamic behavior when mechanical resonance is produced and when crack is propagated with the constant velocity.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.114-114
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• 2018

Among the various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the plant, floral scent plays a key role in attracting pollinators for reproduction and mediates ecological interactions. Floral scent is an important trait and industry drives the competition for flowers with novel scents. Chrysanthemum is one of the well-known ornamental plants and is a popular cut flower across the world. Floral scent and the genes responsible for the floral scent emission are poorly studied in chrysanthemum. In the present study, floral scent and the expression pattern of floral scent genes were analyzed in two chrysanthemum cultivars 'Golden Egg' and 'Gaya Glory'. Initially, intensity of the floral scent in five developing stages of flower including 'budding (B), bud developing (BD), initial blooming (IB), almost open (AO) and open flower (OF)' was analyzed using electronic nose (E-nose) with six metal oxide sensors. Based on the distance analysis, different stages of flower showed different relative intensity of scent according to the sensory evaluation. Although the scent pattern differed by stage, scent intensity was strongest in the OF stage in the completely opened flower in both the cultivars. Further, expression pattern of six genes in the floral scent pathway including FDS, IDI, ISPH, TPS2, TPS5 and TPS6 was observed in all the five stages of the flower in both the cultivars. The expression pattern of all the six genes differed by stage and the terpene synthase genes TPS2, TPS5 and TPS6 showed good expression levels in the $5^{th}$ flower stage compared to other stages. This study provides a preliminary data for understanding the regulation of floral scent in chrysanthemum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1107-1118
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• 2007

Relationship marketing research has traditionally focused on the relationship among customer satisfaction, trust, and customer commitment, while assuming that the causal relationship of customer $satisfaction{\rightarrow}trust{\rightarrow}commitment$ is well understand. However, recently many scholars argue that customer satisfaction, trust, commitment can not explain long-term orientation fully, and suggest the need for more extensive researches investigating the determinants of long-term relational retention. The purpose of this study was to explained the relationship development process through the mediation effect of contact intensity and relationship termination cost between customer satisfaction and trust, and between trust and commitment, and an analysis the causal relationship among these variables. The results were as follows. First, the customer satisfaction had both direct and indirect effects on trust mediated by contact intensity. Second, the trust had both direct and indirect effects on commitment mediated by relationship termination cost. Third, the commitment influenced long-term orientation. Finally, the empirical results confirmed that the model add to the concept of mediation with contact intensity and relationship termination cost plays a strong, central role in explaining relationship development process between customer and fashion retail stores.

• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2017

This study was performed to evaluate the use of vibrating microneedles for the transdermal delivery of vitamin C. The microneedles were designed to vibrate at three levels of intensity. In vitro permeation by vitamin C was evaluated according to the specific conditions such as vibration intensity (levels 1, 2 and 3), application time (1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 min), and application power (500, 700 and 1,000 g). The highest permeation of vitamin C was observed at level 3 of vibration intensity, 5 min of application, and 1,000 g of application power. Vitamin C gel showed no cytotoxic effect against Pam212 cells or skin irritation effects. A pharmacokinetic study of the gel in rats was conducted under optimized conditions. The $AUC_{0-{\infty}}$ and $C_{max}$ increased 1.35-fold and 1.44-fold, respectively, compared with those after vitamin C gel without application with vibrating microneedles. The present study suggests that vibrating microneedles can be used to facilitate the skin permeability of vitamin C under optimal conditions.