• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제11D권2호
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• pp.351-360
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• 2004

대부분의 이동 에이전트는 순차적인 노드 이주 방식에 의하여 다수의 이동 에이전트 시스템들로 이주된다. 하지만, 이러한 이주방식에서는 호스트의 결점이나 장애 등과 같은 문제가 발생하였을 경우, 이동 에이전트가 무한 대기나 고아 상태에 빠지므로 노드들 사이의 네트워크 소요시간이 증가하기 때문에 실제 다른 분산 기술들을 사용한 것만큼의 기대효과를 얻기가 어렵다. 따라서 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 연구들이 진행되어 왔지만 대부분 수동적 라우팅 테이블을 기반으로 노드의 이주를 결정하거나 문제가 발생된 호스트를 선회하는 방법이므로 실제 전체적인 네트워크 소요시간을 감소시키기 위한 연구는 아직 미흡하다. 본 논문에서는 이동 에이전트가 이동 에이전트 시스템들로 이주시 네트워크 소요시간을 감소시키기 위하여 네이밍 에이전트의 메타-테이블에 등록된 구현 객체 정보를 기반으로 능동적 라우팅 테이블을 설계한다. 또한 사용자의 키워드에 대하여 메타-테이블에서 일치하는 객체 참조자의 정보와 수에 따라 다수의 에이전트 객체를 복제한다. 복제된 객체는 이동에이전트 시스템들로 병렬 이주되며, 최소의 네트워크 소요시간을 제공한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.685-692
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• 1992

In spite of multiple technical advances, large amount of homologous blood transfusions usually required for open heart surgery. Because the complications associated with transfusion are increased as the number of homologous transfusion increase, especially as transfusion related acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has appeared in recent years, such risks have stimulated recent interest in the use of autologous blood. This is a report concerning 23 consecutive adult autologous donors[autologous group] who had elective cardiac surgery at the Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, from march, 1990 to august, 1991. A similar group of 23 patients operated during the same periods without autologous blood donation was used for comparison [control group] to investigate the effect of predonated autologous blood in decreasing the need of homologous transfusion and to investigate predonation related adverse effect. Autologous group consisted of 15 men and 8 women. Control group consisted of 7 men and 16 women. There were no significant differences in mean age, hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count, platelet count and prothrombin time on admission between the two groups. The mean autologous blood donation in autologous group was 2.2 units. In 10[43.5%] of the 23 atuologous group patients, no homologous RBC products transfusion was required. However, all patients required homologous transfusion in control group. In autologous group, patients required less homologous RBC products than control patients[2.1 units versus 5.3 units; p<0.001]. There were no significant differences in hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count and platelet count between the two groups before discharge. There were no serious complications related to preoperative blood donation, although 3 patients complained of mild dizziness during donation We conclude that preoperative autologous predonation of blood is a safe and effective method for reducing homologous transfusion and is recomended in all patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery except limited contraindications such as severe aortic valve stenosis or unstable angina pectoris.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.168-175
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• 2020

Runx2 is an essential transcription factor for skeletal development. It is expressed in multipotent mesenchymal cells, osteoblast-lineage cells, and chondrocytes. Runx2 plays a major role in chondrocyte maturation, and Runx3 is partly involved. Runx2 regulates chondrocyte proliferation by directly regulating Ihh expression. It also determines whether chondrocytes become those that form transient cartilage or permanent cartilage, and functions in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Runx2 is essential for osteoblast differentiation and is required for the proliferation of osteoprogenitors. Ihh is required for Runx2 expression in osteoprogenitors, and hedgehog signaling and Runx2 induce the differentiation of osteoprogenitors to preosteoblasts in endochondral bone. Runx2 induces Sp7 expression, and Runx2, Sp7, and canonical Wnt signaling are required for the differentiation of preosteoblasts to immature osteoblasts. It also induces the proliferation of osteoprogenitors by directly regulating the expression of Fgfr2 and Fgfr3. Furthermore, Runx2 induces the proliferation of mesenchymal cells and their commitment into osteoblast-lineage cells through the induction of hedgehog (Gli1, Ptch1, Ihh), Fgf (Fgfr2, Fgfr3), Wnt (Tcf7, Wnt10b), and Pthlh (Pth1r) signaling pathway gene expression in calvaria, and more than a half-dosage of Runx2 is required for their expression. This is a major cause of cleidocranial dysplasia, which is caused by heterozygous mutation of RUNX2. Cbfb, which is a co-transcription factor that forms a heterodimer with Runx2, enhances DNA binding of Runx2 and stabilizes Runx2 protein by inhibiting its ubiquitination. Thus, Runx2/Cbfb regulates the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoblast-lineage cells by activating multiple signaling pathways and via their reciprocal regulation.

• Annals of Laboratory Medicine
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.585-590
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• 2018

Background: Although testing to detect weak D antigens using the antihuman globulin reagent is not required for D- patients in many countries, it is routinely performed in Korea. However, weak D testing can be omitted in D- patients with a C-E- phenotype as this indicates complete deletion of the RHD gene, except in rare cases. We designed a new algorithm for weak D testing, which consisted of RhCE phenotyping followed by weak D testing in C+ or E+ samples, and compared it with the current algorithm with respect to time and cost-effectiveness. Methods: In this retrospective study, 74,889 test results from January to July 2017 in a tertiary hospital in Korea were analyzed. Agreement between the current and proposed algorithms was evaluated, and total number of tests, time required for testing, and test costs were compared. With both algorithms, RHD genotyping was conducted for samples that were C+ or E+ and negative for weak D testing. Results: The algorithms showed perfect agreement (agreement=100%; ${\kappa}=1.00$). By applying the proposed algorithm, 29.56% (115/389 tests/yr) of tests could be omitted, time required for testing could be reduced by 36% (8,672/24,084 min/yr), and the test cost could be reduced by 16.53% (536.11/3,241.08 USD/yr). Conclusions: Our algorithm omitting weak D testing in D- patients with C-E- phenotype may be a cost-effective testing strategy in Korea.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 항공기에 탑재되는 무장관리컴퓨터의 하드웨어 검증을 위한 자동시험 장비 개발 사례를 기술한다. 최근 항공기에 요구되는 기능이 다양해지고, 항공전자 장비의 관련 기술이 발전함에 따라 항공전자 장비에 필요한 인터페이스의 종류와 수량이 증가하였다. 무장관리컴퓨터 또한 기존 구형 무장 이외에도 신형 무장에 대한 요구사항이 추가됨에 따라 다량은 인터페이스 제어가 필요하다. 이와 같은 이유로 항공전자 장비의 점검에 투입되는 시간과 인력 소요 또한 증가하고 있으며, 항공전자 장비의 시험 과정을 자동화 및 무인화 할 수 있다면, 더 효율적인 점검 시스템 운용이 가능해질 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 무장관리컴퓨터 하드웨어 기능 검증에 필요한 시험장비의 구조설계 내용과 검증 과정을 자동화하기 위한 시험 소프트웨어 및 시험 시나리오 설계 사례를 소개한다.

• 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.591-605
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• 2018

The information on the planar figure of the building envelope is commonly required in various criteria related to the energy performance of the building. However, since the method of creating varies depending on each criterion, the information displayed in the planar figure of the building envelope differs considerably according to the person making the figure. In this regard, this study sought to derive the commonly required information for the unification of the information included in the planar figure of the building envelope, and thus examine the standardization of the planar figure of the building envelope based on BIM. Towards this end, 1) the required information about the planar figure of the building envelope was derived through the literature review and case analysis results submitted to the energy performance evaluation agencies, and 2) the standardized output technology using IFC was investigated based on the required information. Therefore, it is expected that the findings of this study will help to create a general-purpose planar figure for the building envelope, and this study can serve as the preliminary research for automatically extracting the information on the planar figure of the building envelope.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2019

The Half-depth precast deck is a structural system that utilizes pre-cast panels pre-built at the factory as formwork at the construction stage and as a major structural member at the same time after completion. These systems have joints between segments, and the detail and performance of the joints are factors that have a very large impact on the quality, such as the constructability and durability of the bridge decks. In this study, strength performance evaluation was performed for improved joints using connecting rebar by experimental method. Static loading tests were conducted on the test specimen with improved joint, those with existing joint and those without joint. The test results of the specimens were compared to each other, and the flexural strength required by the design was compared. The flexural strength required in the design was presented by finite element analysis. It has been shown that the flexural strength of the specimens with joints were more than twice that required by the design. But the flexural strength of the specimen with existing joint was about 84% of that without joint. The flexural strength of the specimen with improved joints was a nearly similar degree of that compared to the specimen without joint. And a comparison of the moment-deflection relationship curves of the two specimens also shows a very similar flexural behavior. It is confirmed that improved joint has sufficient flexural strength. In addition to strength, the bridge decks require serviceability, such as deflection and cracking, and in particular, fatigue resistance due to repetitive live loads is an important performance factor. Therefore, further verification studies are required.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2021

The objectives of this research were to identify the digital competencies required for information science specialists at Saudi universities and to examine whether there existed conspicuous differences in the standpoint of these specialists due to years of work experience with regard to the importance of these competencies. A descriptive analytical method was used to accomplish these objectives while extracting the required digital competency list and ascertaining its importance. The research sample comprised 24 experts in the field of information science from several universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The participants in the sample were asked to complete a questionnaire prepared to acquire the pertinent data in the period between January 5, 2021 and January 20, 2021. The results reveal that the digital competencies required for information science specialists at Saudi universities encompass general features such as the ability to use computer, Internet, Web2, Web3, and smartphone applications, digital learning resource development, data processing (big data) and its sharing via the Internet, system analysis, dealing with multiple electronic indexing applications and learning management systems and its features, using electronic bibliographic control tools, artificial intelligence tools, cybersecurity system maintenance, ability to comprehend and use different programming languages, simulation, and augmented reality applications, and knowledge and skills for 3D printing. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were observed between the mean ranks of scores of specialists with less than 10 years of practical experience and those with practical experience of 10 years or more with regard to conferring importance to digital competencies.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2022

Background: Moderate sedation is an integral part of dental care delivery. Target-controlled infusion (TCI) has the potential to improve patient safety and outcome. We compared the effects of using TCI to administer remifentanil/manual bolus midazolam with manual bolus fentanyl/midazolam administration on patient safety parameters, drug administration times, and patient recovery times. Methods: In this retrospective chart review, records of patients who underwent moderate intravenous sedation over 12 months in a private dental clinic were assessed. Patient indicators (pre-, intra-, and post-procedure noninvasive systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate) were compared using independent t-test analysis. Patient recovery time, procedure length, and midazolam dosage required were also compared between the two groups. Results: Eighty-five patient charts were included in the final analysis: 47 received TCI-remifentanil/midazolam sedation, and 38 received manual fentanyl/midazolam sedation. Among the physiological parameters, diastolic blood pressure showed slightly higher changes in the fentanyl group (P = 0.049), respiratory rate changes showed higher changes in the fentanyl group (P = 0.032), and the average EtCO₂ was slightly higher in the remifentanil group (P = 0.041). There was no significant difference in the minimum SpO₂ levels and average procedure length between the fentanyl and remifentanil TCI pump groups (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference was observed in the time required for discharge from the chair (P = 0.048), indicating that patients who received remifentanil required less time for discharge from the chair than those who received fentanyl. The dosage of midazolam used in the fentanyl group was 0.487 mg more than that in the remifentanil group; however, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of TCI administered remifentanil combined with manual administered midazolam has the potential to shorten the recovery time and reduce respiration rate changes when compared to manual administration of fentanyl/midazolam. This is possibly due to either the lower midazolam dosage required with TCI remifentanil administration or achieving a stable, steady-state low dose remifentanil concentration for the duration of the procedure.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 주행 경로의 소요 시간 예측의 정확도를 높이기 위해 인공 신경망을 사용하여 링크 속도로부터 각 차로 별 속도를 예측하는 방법을 제시하였다. 링크를 통과하는 차량의 소요시간은 해당 링크 끝의 교차로에서 직진하거나 우회전하거나 좌회전하는 방향에 따라 링크를 지나가는 소요 시간이 다르게 관찰된다. 따라서, 차량의 진행 방향에 따라 속도를 예측하는 것이 필요하다. 대구광역시 국채보상로의 공평네거리와 이를 중심으로 인접한 4개 교차로에서 측정한 데이터를 정제하여 학습과 검증에 필요한 데이터를 구성하였고, 5개의 신경망 모델을 사용하였다. 또한 예측 결과의 오류 분석을 수행하여 연구 목적에 적합한 신경망을 실험적으로 선별하였다. 실험 결과, 각 차로 별 소요 시간 예측에 대한 오차가 직진 차로는 17.4%, 우회전 차로는 4.4%, 좌회전 차로는 3.9% 감소하였다. 이 결과는 링크 하나의 분석 결과로 경로 전체를 대상으로 한다면 효과는 더욱 커질 것으로 예상한다.