• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.111-114
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• 2007

본 연구는 젖소의 산유 능력에 따른 번식 성적을 조사하기 위하여 축산과학원 시험우사에서 사육중인 젖소를 이용하여 분만 후 유즙중 P4농도를 분석하였고, 전문경영체농장 22개 소에서 사육중인 젖소에 대한 번식 기록을 이용하여 고능력우(305일 유량 10,000 kg 이상)와 평균 능력우(305일 유량 10,000 kg이하)의 번식 성적을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 젖소의 분만 후 progesterone peak는 고능력 및 평균 능력우의 경우에 각각 $38.8{\pm}11.1$ 및 $39.6{\pm}9.7$일로 거의 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 2. 분만 후 첫 발정까지의 일수는 평균 능력우 및 고능력우가 각각 $99.4{\pm}2.1$일 및 $117.7{\pm}4.2$일로 고능력우가 평균 능력우에 비하여 11.6일 늦어지는 결과를 나타내었고(p<0.01), 분만 후 수태까지의 일수도 평균 능력우 및 고능력우가 각각 $145.9{\pm}3.8$일 및 $165.9{\pm}6.5$일로 고능력우가 평균 능력우에 비하여 20일 늦어지는 결과를 나타내었다(p<0.01). 그리고 분만 간격은 평균 능력우 및 고능력 우가 각각 $421.5{\pm}4.0$일 및 $448.4{\pm}7.2$일로 고능력우가 평균 능력우에 비하여 26.9일 연장되었다(p<0.01).

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2010

This study was carried out between 2008 and 2009 in four dairy farms to investigate the effect of feeding of whole crop barley silage on the reproductive performance of Holstein heifers. Two diets, mixed hay or whole crop barley silage separately from concentrate were fed 6-month old Holstein heifers (=37). In control group (=CON), heifers (n=16) were fed 6 kg (/head) mixed hay and 4 kg (/head) commercial diet. In whole crop barley silage group (=WBS), heifers (n=21) were fed 10 kg (/head) whole crop barley silage, 4 kg (/head) mixed hay and 2 kg (/head) commercial diet. To manage body weight gain, the body condition score of heifers were measured every month. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Body weight in CON and WBS heifers at 13-, 14-, 15- and 17-month old were $340{\pm}17.9$ and $342{\pm}13.6\;kg$, $356{\pm}15.7$ and $366{\pm}14.7\;kg$, $382{\pm}13.1$ and $387{\pm}14.4\;kg$, and $429{\pm}15.0$ and $417{\pm}10.3\;kg$, respectively. 2. Body condition score in CON and WBS heifers at 9-, 12-, 15- and 17-month old were $2.88{\pm}0.04$ and $2.80{\pm}0.04$, $2.88{\pm}0.04$ and $2.80{\pm}0.04$, $2.89{\pm}0.08$ and $3.00{\pm}0.07$, and $2.89{\pm}0.08$ and $3.00{\pm}0.07$, respectively. 3. Average age of sexual maturity in CON and WBS heifers were $437.3{\pm}9.9$days and $939.6{\pm}12.5$days, WBS group heifers were significantly shorter (p<0.05) than CON group heifers. 4. First-service conception rates in CON or WBS group were 81.3% (13/16) and 66.7% (14121), respectively, and cumulative conception rate to 2nd artificial insemination were 87.5% for CON and 85.7% for WBS group. Conception rate was not different between treatments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.435-438
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• 1992

Data were collected on productive and reproductive performance of different $F_1$ crossbred cows (Deshi cows joined by A.I. to Sindhi, Sahiwal, Jersey or Holstein-Friesian Bull semen) reared by farmers in and around the Bangladesh Agricultural University campus at Mymensingh. The traits considered were birth weight, age at first heat, age at first calving, gestation length, post-partum heat period, milk yield, lactation length, dry period and calving interval. Data were analyzed statistically using a completely randomized design and Duncan's Multiple Range Test to compare and determine the significance of between individual group means. It was observed that the Holstein $\times$ Deshi had the highest birth weight (21.4 kg) followed by Sahiwal (17.6 kg), Jersey (16.7 kg) and Sindhi (16.1 kg). Shortest age at first heat (854 and 920 days) and age at first calving (1002 and 1201 days) were found for the Jersey $\times$ Deshi and Holstein $\times$ Deshi crosses respectively. The post-partum heat period were significantly different between breeds with Jersey and Holstein sired calves having the shortest intervals. There was no difference in the gestation length of the four crosses. Holstein $\times$ Deshi and Jersey $\times$ Deshi cows gave the highest milk yields due to longer lactation periods and higher daily milk production. Similarly, Holstein $\times$ Deshi and Jersey $\times$ Deshi crosses had significantly shorter dry periods and Jersey $\times$ Deshi had a shorter calving interval. From this study it may be concluded that exotic genotypes such as Holstein-Friesian and Jersey can perform very well under rural conditions in Bangladesh.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1207-1214
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• 2017

Since the industrialization of swine production in the late 1900s, swine farms in the United States, as well as in Europe, have largely become consolidated. Pig farms became larger in size but fewer in number, with 91% of market pigs being produced by large operations with 5,000 or more pigs on-site in the US, and only 3% of the total utilized agricultural land representing organic farming. Such change in the market made it difficult for small farmers to stay competitive, forcing them to find alternative ways to reduce the cost of production and increase profit using the outdoor production system. In contrast to the indoor confinement system, outdoor production system uses pasture-based units and/or deep-bedded hoop structures that promote animal welfare and environmental sustainability with a lower capital investment. In accord with the growing concern for animal and environmental welfare and food safety by the consumers, small farmers practicing an outdoor production system are seeing increased opportunities for marketing their products in the pork niche market. Unlike the general belief that the reproductive and growth performance measures of the outdoor sows and piglets are poorer in comparison with the animals reared indoors, studies showed that there was no significant difference in the performance measures, and some traits were even better in outdoor animals. Improved reproductive and production traits can increase the sustainability of outdoor farming. Present study reviewed the recent studies comparing the performance measures, meat quality and health of indoor and outdoor animals, as well as the efforts to improve the outdoor production system through changes in management such as hut types and breed of animals.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.356-364
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• 2020

The reproductive performance of lactating sows was investigated by using different feeding methods including conventional feeding (CF, 3 times/d) or free feeding (FF), and different dietary energy level including low energy (LE: 3,300) or high energy (HE: 3,400 kcal/kg) during the hot season. A total of twenty-eight crossbred (Yorkshire × Landrace) sows were distributed into four treatments as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Sows in the FF group showed lower body weight and backfat loss (p < 0.05) compared with the CF group. Backfat loss during lactation was lower (p < 0.05) in sows fed HE diet than in that fed LE diet. There were no significant differences in litter survival rate and weaning to estrus interval, but the litter weight at weaning was improved (p < 0.05) in FF and HE sows. Hence, it is concluded that using the free-feeding system or increased dietary energy density leads to improved sow performance during hot ambient temperature.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2023

In this study, the aim was to assess the shielding performance of different 3D printing materials, specifically those produced using FDM, SLA, and CJP methods, with a focus on their application as shielding devices in clinical settings. Additionally, the weight of lead shielding materials can evoke reluctance in pediatric patients undergoing X-ray imaging. A total of 12 materials were printed using their respective 3D printers. These materials were then subjected to X-ray testing using diagnostic X-ray equipment and an exposure meter. The goal was to evaluate their shielding capabilities in comparison to 1 mm lead. The results of this evaluation revealed that VisiJet PXL-Pastel, produced using the CJP method, exhibited the highest shielding performance. Therefore, VisiJet PXL-Pastel by CJP method was selected for the creation of a shielding device designed for pediatric reproductive organs. Subsequent tests demonstrated that both the newly created shielding device and conventional lead shielding equipment achieved the same maximum shielding rate at 50 kVp. Specifically, the shielding rate for the 3D printed device was measured at 84.53%, while the conventional lead shielding equipment, categorized as Apron1 (85.74%), Apron2 (99.98%), and Apron3 (99.04%), demonstrated similar performance. In conclusion, the CJP-produced VisiJet PXL-Pastel material showcased excellent radiation shielding capabilities, allowing for anatomical observations of the target organs and their surrounding structures in X-ray images. Furthermore, its lower weight in comparison to traditional lead shielding materials makes it a clinically practical and useful choice, particularly for pediatric applications.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2006

전국 65개 시군에 소재하는 착유우 20두 이상 규모의 760개 목장에서 85,983두를 대상으로 초음파 번식 검진 및 치료를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 번식 검진우 85,983두 중 난소 질병이 40,399(47.0 %)로 가장 많았으며 자궁 질병 11,912두(13.9%), 임신 및 임신기 사고가 26,587두(30.9%), 난소나 자궁의 유착이 172두(0.2%), 프리마틴 8두(0.01%)그리고 분만 후 50일 이내로서 정상적인 발정 주기와 같은 기타가 6,905두(8.3%)로 나타났다. 번식 검진우에서 번식 장애에 대해 치료를 실시하였던 소는 30,241두로 이중 둔성 발정 또는 발정 발견의 잘못 14,909(49.3%), 난포낭종 3,750(12.4 %), 황체낭종 907두 (3.0%), 난소 기능부전 665두 (2.2%) 및 난소의 과립막 세포종 3두(0.01%)로 난소 질병이 20,234두로 66.9%를 차지 했고 나머지는 자궁 질병과 기타 질병이었는데 자궁 질병 중에서는 자궁 내막염이 6,986두(23.1%)로 가장 많았다. 정기적인 번식 검진 효과를 번식 지표로서 확인해 보았던 바 평균 분만 간격은 번식 검진 이전에는 475일이었으나 번식 검진 이후에도 381일로 단축되었고, 공태기는 186일에서 98일로 단축, 분만 후 첫 수정까지의 평균 일수는 106일에서 66일로 단축, 분만 후 60일 이내에 발정을 보여 주었던 소의 비율은 32%에서 90%로 증가, 첫 수정시 수태율은 42%에서 64%로 증가, 수태당 수정 회수는 2.6회에서 1.8회로 단축되었다. 따라서 정기적인 검진은 조기 임신 진단, 번식장애의 정확한 진단 및 적절한 치료로서 번식 효율을 증가시켜 농가의 생산성을 향상시켰다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.335-340
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• 1997

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques allow the enumeration of chromosome abnormalities and from a great potential for many clinical applications. In order to produce quantitative and reproducible results, expensive tools such as a cooled CCD camera and a computer software are required. We have developed a Chromosome Image Processing System (Chips) using FISH that allows the detection and mapping of the genetic aberrations. The aim of our study, therefore, is to evaluate the capabilities of our original system using a black-and-white video camera. As a model system, three repetitive DNA probes (D18Z1, DXZ1, and DYZ3) were hybridized to variety different clinical samples such as human metaphase spreads and interphase nuclei obtained from uncultured peripheral blood lymphocytes, uncultured amniocytes, and germ cells. The visualization of the FISH signals was performed using our system for image acquisition and pseudocoloring. FISH images were obtained by combining images from each of probes and DAPI counterstain captured separately. Using our original system, the aberrations of single or multiple chromosomes in a single hybridization experiment using chromosomes and interphase nuclei from a variety of cell types, including lymphocytes, amniocytes, sperm, and biopsied blastomeres, were enabled to evaluate. There were no differences in the image quality in accordance with FISH method, fluorochrome types, or different clinical samples. Always bright signals were detected using our system. Our system also yielded constant results. Our Chips would permit a level of performance of FISH analysis on metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei with unparalleled capabilities. Thus, it would be useful for clinical purposes.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제7권1_2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 1980

Hysterosalpingograms (H.S.G.) have been done for several decades to determine causative factors in female infertility. However, the H.S.G. only reverals uterine cavity and tubal patency or inpatency. The author prefers to find more details in regard to the status and condition of the female reproductive organs and their surrounding tissue as they pertain to infertility. H.S.G. in combination with laparoscopic examination reveals the following results. Preparation and method of performance of H.S.G. during laparoscopy in a healthy reproductive age women are as follows. When laparoscopy is not contraindicated, NPO is ordered with routine bowel preparation. Analgesics administered by injection prior to procedure are valium 10mgs and pethidine 50-100mgs. The radiographic procedure is the same as for any HSG technique. During laparoscopy a solution of 3 to 10 ccs. of 60% hypaque sodium is used. Fluroscopic scout films are obtained A-P and oblique views as well as a delayed check film. 1. Age distribution of primary and secondary infertility in this studies involving tubal factors was as follows: 20-29 age group showed 46% incidence and in the 30-39 age group, 50% incidence. Duration of infertility in this study group was the following: 1-2 years showed 26.7%, 3-5 years 53.8%, and 6-9 years 13.3%. 2. Indications of laparoscopic examination were as follows: Secondary infertility in 35% of the cases, obscure tubal occlusion on previous H.S.G. in 25%, unknown origin in 11.7%, and the remaining cases included pelvic pain, small masses, dysmenorrhea, and uterine anomaly. The laparoscopic examination showed clearly the reproductive organs and the surrounding tissues in the pelvic cavity. The abnormal tubal findings there revealed were tuberculous salpingitis and hydrosalpinx in 10% each, endometriosis and peritubabl adhesions in 6.7% each, biconuate uterus in 3.3%. The remaining 58.3% of the cases showed normal findings. Laparoscopic observation for possible myoma nodules, streak ovary, and peritubal adhesions was also done at this time. 3. Comparative tubal findings in combined H.S.G. and laparoscopic examination revealed the following. Bilateral tubal occlusion was present in 14% (7cases) on laparoscopic examination but on H.S.G. 38% (19 cases) were noted. However, tubal occlusion and peritubal adhesions were found in 26% (13 cases) upon laparoscopy and only 8% (4 cases) on H.S.G. examination alone. Normal pelvic findings were present in 60% (27 cases).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.410-420
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was to evaluate the effects of the dietary energy levels on the physiological parameters and reproductive performance during gestation over three parities in sows. Methods: A total of 52 F1 gilts ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace$) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments using a completely randomized design. The treatments contained 3,100, 3,200, 3,300, or 3,400 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg diet but feed was provided at 2.0, 2.2, and 2.4 kg/d in the first, second and third parity, respectively. Results: The body weight and body weight gain during gestation increased as the dietary energy level increased (p<0.05, and p<0.01) in the first parity. In the second parity, the body weight of sows was the lowest (p<0.05) when 3,100 kcal of ME/kg treatment diet was provided. The body weight was higher as the dietary energy level increased (p<0.05) during the gestation period in the third parity. During lactation, the voluntary feed intake of lactating sows tended to decrease when gilts were fed higher energy treatment diet (p = 0.08) and the body weight, body weight gain were increased by dietary energy level during gestation (p<0.05). Backfat thickness was not affected by dietary treatment during the gestation period in three parities, interestingly backfat change from breeding to d 110 of gestation was higher as the dietary energy level increased at the first parity (p<0.05). When gilts were fed 3,400 kcal of ME/kg treatment diet a higher number of weaning piglets was observed in the first parity (p<0.05). The highest culling rate (69%) was seen when gestating sows were fed 3,100 kcal/kg ME treatment diet during three parities. Conclusion: In conclusion, the adequate energy intake of gestating sows should be 6,400 or 6,600 kcal of ME/d, 7,040 or 7,260 kcal of ME/d, and 7,680 or 7,920 kcal of ME/d for parity 1, 2, and 3, respectively.