• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2020

The present study investigated the effects of loose farrowing type during gestation and after farrowing on reproductive performance and of lactating sows. A total of 22 primiparous sows (Landrace; average initial body weights [BW], 228.54 ± 12.79 kg) were allotted to one of two treatments on the basis of body weight. Sows were divided into two experimental groups, conventional farrowing crates (CON), and loosed-farrowing pens (LFP). The experiment duration was around 38 days ranging from 10 days before parturition to 28 days after parturition. Gestating sows at the age of 105 d were placed in gestational stalls (group housing). All the sows were fed a common diet according to the National Research Council requirements for lactation. Cross-fostering was performed within 1 day of parturition. From 1 day after weaning, estrus detection was performed twice-daily (0900 and 1730 h) for 10 min by boar exposure. There were significant effects of LFP housing type on the farrowing duration, and farrowing interval. At the farrowing time, none of the litter parameters including total born, stillborn, mummy, born alive piglets and total litter weight and piglet weight were affected. There were no effects of housing type on the mortality of piglets at d 1, 3, 7, 21, and 28. In conclusion, the result of this study showed that there is no performance difference between the crated or LFP sows, which indicate that the LFP housing has the potential to be used as an alternative to the crated house without any detrimental effects in reproduction performance of lactating sows.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.145-151
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• 1996

The origin and present status of research and commercial production of Korean Ogol chicken are reviewed. The Yeonsan Ogol chicken was designated as a National Monument (No.265) at April 1, 1980. After that, researches have been done on the various aspects of Ogol chicken, i.e., external characteristics, growth and reproductive performance, chemical composition of egg and meat, and carcass characteristics. In addition, several genetic parameters of Ogol chicken have been estimated.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.1312-1318
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• 2002

A feeding trial using sows and their neonates was conducted to determine the effects of source and level of organic trace mineral supplementation on reproductive performance of sows and the subsequent performance of their neonates through 2 wk post weaning. A total of 16 gestating sows ($Landrace{\times}$Yorkshire) in parities 2 to 4 were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments following a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. One of the two factors evaluated the effect of the source (inorganic vs organic), and the second factor evaluated the effect of the level (low vs high) of trace minerals added to the diet. The trace mineral premixes were formulated to provide a low concentration of trace minerals (50 ppm Fe/87.5 ppm Fe, 17.5 ppm Cu/85 ppm Cu, 45 ppm Zn/60 ppm Zn, and 20 ppm Mn/17.5 ppm Mn), and a high concentration of trace minerals (100 ppm Fe/175 ppm Fe, 35 ppm Cu/170 ppm Cu, 90 ppm Zn/120 ppm Zn, 40 ppm Mn/35 ppm Mn), when included at 0.20% in sows'/weaned pigs' diets, respectively. The total number born, total born alive and weaned, and the average neonate weight at birth were affected neither by the dietary source nor by the level of trace minerals (p>0.05), but an interaction effect (p<0.05) between the source and level of trace minerals was observed on the average weight at weaning. The neonates from sows fed the low level of organic trace minerals gained weight at an equal rate compared with those farrowed by sows fed the high level of inorganic trace minerals. Sows fed the organic trace minerals nursed their young with milk higher in Fe and Zn (p<0.05) compared with those fed diets with inorganic trace minerals. Consequently, the weaned pigs receiving the organic form of trace minerals tended to grow at a faster rate, consumed less feed and tended to utilize their feed more efficiently (p<0.10). It was further observed that the organic trace minerals significantly increased (p<0.05) Fe contents in the liver and serum, and Zn in the serum and bone. In conclusion, sows and neonates fed the organic minerals at low level showed similar performance compared with those fed the inorganic minerals at high level as specified in this study.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1948-1956
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of selenium (Se) source and level on the physiological response, reproductive performance, serum Se level, and milk composition in gestating sows. Methods: A total of 54 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with average body weight (BW), backfat thickness (BF), and parity were assigned to one of five treatments with 10 or 11 sows per treatment using a 2×2 factorial arrangement with one additional treatment in a completely randomized design. Inorganic or organic Se (IS or OS) sources were added to the diet at 0.30 ppm and 0.50 ppm Se. A non-Se-fortified corn-soybean meal basal diet served as a negative control. Treatments were as follows: i) Control: corn-soybean based diet, ii) IS30: control+inorganic Se 0.30 ppm, iii) IS50: control+inorganic Se 0.50 ppm, iv) OS30: control+ organic Se ppm, and v) OS50: control+organic Se 0.50 ppm. Results: At day 21 of lactation, piglet weight and weight gain in the OS treatments were higher than those in the IS treatments (p<0.05). Meanwhile, adding 0.5 ppm Se also resulted in the same significant differences in piglet BW and weight gain (p<0.05). Colostrum and milk Se concentrations increased (p<0.05) with Se level for both Se sources but were greater when sows were fed organic Se (p<0.05). Except for 24 hours postpartum, the Se concentrations were higher when sows were fed organic Se (p<0.05). Sow serum Se content was greater as Se levels increased from 0.3 ppm to 0.5 ppm at day 110 of gestation, 24 hours postpartum and day 21 of lactation (p<0.05). The pig serum Se concentration increased as the dietary Se level increased (p<0.05) and was higher when the sow dietary Se source was organic (p<0.05). Organic Se 0.5 ppm also had the highest serum Se level at two measured points (p<0.05). Conclusion: Consequently, supplementation with organic Se or 0.5 ppm Se in a gestating diet could improve piglet performance, the Se status of sows and piglets and milk composition, but organic Se at 0.5 ppm is optimal.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 1996

A new composite antibiotic, SM-101(sulbactam·metampicillin), was at dose levels of 0, 375, 750 and 1500 mg/kg/day administered intravenously to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats during the organogenetic period. Two-third of dams per group were subjected to caesarean section on day 20 of pregnancy and the remaining 10 dams per group were allowed to deliver. Effects of test substance on dams, embryonal development of F1 fetuses, as well as growth, behaviour and mating performance of F1 offspring were examined. In dams, two deaths occurred at 375 and 1500 mg/kg, respectively. The decrease in the weight of adrenal glands of the 1500 mg/kg group was observed. The prolongation of pregnancy period was found at 1500 mg/kg. F1 fetuses showed no changes related to the treatment of SM-101. In F1 offspring, the increase in spleen weight was seen at all doses treated. No treatment-related abnormalities were observed in each treated group in terms of development, behaviour and reproductive performance. In F2 fetuses, no drug-induced abnormalities occurred at all doses. The results show that the no-effect dose levels (NOELS) for dams and Fl offspring are under 375 mg/kg/day and NOELs for F1/F2 fetuses are over 1500 mg/kg/day.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.308-312
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• 1997

Incidence of retained placenta in dairy cows was investigated in 120 parturitions. Prior to calving, cows were allotted into four groups; 1) control, 2) the infection of Vitamin E (500 IU), 3) the injection of selenium (40 mg), and 4) the infection of Vitamin E (500 IU) and selenium (40 mg). Selenium (Se) and Vitamin E were injected intramusculary 20 d prior to the estimated calving date. No effects of Se or Vitamin E administration alone was observed for number of service per conception, conception rate, and estrus rate (p > 0.05). But the Vitamin E administration with Se significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the incidence of retained placenta and the days required for calving the first service. Incidence of retained placenta was not significantly (p > 0.05) influenced by parity, but it was significantly (p < 0.01) influenced by season, especially, increased during July and August. Concentration of Se in plasma was not significantly (p > 0.05) changed during peripartum period whether the treatment. The results of this study on retained placenta suggest that this disorder will be reduced by the administration of Se and Vitamin E prior to calving in dairy cows.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1993

The present study was conducted to examine the reproductive performance of dairy cow at alpine area. 1,515 dairy cows were managemented at above 800m of sea level around the Dea-Gwan Ryeong in Kangweon-Do. The results at this study were as follows ; 1. The average first estrus was 105.0 days after pastruation. 2. The highest percentage ofpregnancy(26.4%) and parturation(27.6%) were obtained at September to November and June to August, respectively. 3. The rate of pregnancy was 61.0%. Pregnancy rates according to insemination times of 1, 2 and 3 were 60.8, 23.5 and 9.8%, respectively and insemination time per pregnancy was 1.64. 4. Ages of first inseminatin, pregnancy and parturition of heifer were 17.9, 18.6 and 27.7 months, respectively. 5. Time of postpartum pregnancy was 133.0 days after parturition, and pregnancy period and calving interval were 279.6 and 410.3 days, respectively. 6. Six ratio of offspring was 52.1% of female versus 47.9% of male, and the proportion of twins was 0.65%. 7. The proportions of normal parturition, stillbirth and abortion were 91.9, 2.2 and 5.9%, respectively.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.339-348
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• 1996

A new composite antibiotic, SM-101 (sulbactam·metampicillin), was at dose levels of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day administered intravenously to pregnant and subsequently delivered Sprague-Dawley rats from day 17 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. Effects of test agent on dams and growth, behaviour and mating performance of Fl offspring were examined. In dams, one death occurred at 1000 mg/kg. The increase in kidney weight of the 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg group was found. In F1 offspring, both delayed incisors eruption and decreased body weight were observed in females of the 1000 mg/kg group. The increase in the weights of liver and kidney was found in males of the 1000 mg/kg group. No treatment-related abnormalities were observed in each treated group in terms of behaviour and reproductive performance. In F1/F2 fetuses, no drug-induced abnormalities occurred at all doses tested. The results show that the no effect dose level (NOEL) of SM-101 is under 250 mg/kg/day for dams and 500 mg/kg/day for F1 offspring, and over 1000 mg/kg/day for F1/F2 fetuses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-14
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• 2003

To evaluate the ewe reproductive performances of three Iranian local sheep breeds, namely Moghani, Chal and Zel, 27 rams and 473 ewes were used as the foundation flock in a crossbreeding program. The three breeds were crossed amongst themselves reciprocally. Ram breed and ewe breed showed a two-way interaction on apparent fertility. The Zel ewes showed higher fertility than the Chal and Moghani ewes (94.4 vs 77.3 and 84.6%). Prolificacy among main and individual mating groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). Zel ewes were 22.3 and 14.8% more reproductive (p<0.05) than Chal and Moghani ewes, respectively. Zel and Moghani ewes showed higher (p<0.05) ewe productivity than Chal ewes. Ram breed had a significant (p<0.05) effect on ewe efficiency. The Zel rams were not completely successful to mate with Chal ewes, this caused a to way-interaction between ram and ewe breeds. The Zel ewes mated with Chal and Moghani rams showed 26.1 and 28.5% more efficiency than those mated with Zel rams. This observation strongly supports the use of crossbreeding to improve the efficiency of the Zel ewes. With decreasing lamb mortality, through supplemented feeding of lambs in pre-weaning period, and increasing litter weight, through crossbreeding, it should be possible to improve the efficiency of Zel ewes even better than Chal and Moghani ewes. Small body size of Zel ewes that needs the lower maintenance requirements would be a well advantageous to using Zel ewes as the dam herd to produce commercial lambs in north area of Iran.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.738-748
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• 2012

One of the main goals of small, medium and large farms is to improve the reproductive performance of rabbit does. Stocks of lower productivity can be improved by crossing with intensive breeds. A better nutritional status of both foetuses and suckling kits has a positive effect on their later productivity. Overfeeding young females before first mating can lead to conditions of fattiness. Using restricted feeding or higher fibre content in the feed and changing it for a higher level ad libitum feeding about one week prior to first mating leads to longer lifespan and higher productive level. Intensive reproductive rhythm creates a negative energy balance in does : they are unable to consume enough feed (energy) for the nutritional requirements of foetus and lactation, and therefore lose most of their fat reserves. Furthermore, primiparous does also expend energy because they are still growing. Under intensive conditions, the 42-d reproductive rhythm (re-mating 11 days after parturition) is recommended. Under extensive conditions, the 18 or 25-d mating interval with 35 to 42-d weaning could be suitable. On small farms, natural mating is favoured; on large farms AI is commonly employed. The main advantage of AI is the all-in, all-out system. Hormonal (PMSG) treatment is used with AI to increase receptivity on d 11. Frequent and high level PMSG use can lead to higher anti-PMSG antibody rates. Lower level (max. 20 IU) and less frequent PMSG injection or non-hormonal alternative methods (short dam-litter separation, changing nursing method or lighting programs) are recommended for this reason.