• 생물정신의학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2002

Neurocognitive research focusing on cognitive deficits in Depression has resulted in several important but yet potentially contradictory findings. Much literature documents the presence of significant neurocognitive impairments in depressive patients. Studies have shown that dysthymic disorder patients demonstrate a diffuse pattern of cognitive impairment which is frequently indistinguishable from that of focal braindamaged patients. Some reports have suggested that there is a focal pattern of deficit, such as anterior cingulate dysfunction, frontal lobe impairment, or dysfunction of the temporal-limbic cortex. The aim of this study is to evaluate the neurocognitive functions in dysthymic disorder patients, and to compare the functions with those of major depressive disorder patients. The subjects are 17 dysthymic disorder patients. And their neurocognitive functions are compared with those of 23 major depressive episode patients. Patients with a history of neurologic disease, alcohol dependence, substance abuse and mental retardation are excluded. They are assessed with a part of Vienna Test System which is computerized neurocognitive function tests and can evaluate attention, eductive ability, reproductive ability, visuoperceptual analysis, vigilance, visual immediate memory, the speed of information-processing, judgement, and fine motor coordinations. There are no other specific difference between two groups, except the result of cognitrone test. This study provides information about the neurocognitive functions and some difference between major depressive disorder patients and carefully diagnosed dysthymic disorder patients.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.40-50
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• 2009

Objectives: The clinical document forms, a format for collecting clinical data, is the most fundamental object of standardization. Doctors must have a mutual understanding of the clinical chart. Methods: Clinical document forms were developed by investigating existing conditions in hospitals and conducting demand surveys, doing literature research, and seeking expert advice for the improvement of version 1.0. In addition, an organization of a network of 19 Oriental medical doctors and nurses, 190 patients, and users of collected and assessed data was formed to come up with version 2.0. Results: The overall format was divided into different portions that the patient, nurse, and doctor must fill out, respectively. The patient's section consists of demographic data, lifestyle details, history, and symptoms. The data to be supplied by the nurse include the patient's vital signs and anthropometric parameters. As for the doctors, they are to supply data regarding the patient's palpitation, the detailed symptoms of the patient's head, ophthalmological and otorhinolaryngological symptoms (mouth), respiration, circulatory organ and chest conditions, digestive-organ conditions (thirst), neuropsychiatric conditions, reproductive system, musculoskeletal system, skin (depilation), etc. Conclusions: Common clinical chart development is the prior question to Traditional Korean Medicine standardization. A web-based clinical document format should be developed to support diagnosis and treatment, and furthermore EMR (electronic medical record system) and EHR (electronic health record) developed. Clinical information could be shared through a network of medical institutions and be useful Traditional Korean Medicine for evidence-based medicine.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2016

Gametogenesis of the comb pen shell, Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus, 1767) (Bivalvia: Pinnidae) on the southern coast of Ulleungdo Island, Korea was assessed monthly (November 2013 to October 2014) using histology. Gametogenesis commenced in January when the surface water temperature was $12.6^{\circ}C$ and pen shells evidenced an early development phase with small oogonia from January to April, although few females exhibited ripe eggs in their follicular epithelium. In April, the oocyte diameter increased rapidly, and fully mature eggs appeared in May. First spawning males and females were observed in June as the surface water temperature reached $19.3^{\circ}C$ and July ($23.2^{\circ}C$) respectively. The spawning activity continued until the end of September. Histology indicated that the spawning peak of the females in Ulleungdo Island was July to August. During October to January, most of the pen shells were in spent and resting stages. Our data suggested that A. pectinata is a summer spawner, and their annual gametogenesis is closely associated with the seasonal variation in the surface water temperature. The present study is the first provided fundamental information on the life history of A. pectinata in Ulleungdo Island, and this can be put to good use in the management of this pen shell in the study area.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.13-34
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of administration of Guibitang on ovarian functions and differential gene expressions related cell viabilities caspase-3, MAPK and MPG in female mice. Methods: We administered the Guibitang to 6-week-old female ICR mice for 4, 8, or 12 days. Then, the female mice were injected PMSG and hCG for ovarian hyperstimulation. The mice divided into 3 different groups for each experiment. To compare the differences, we set a control group treated with plain water at the same volume by the same way. Results: administration of Guibitang, the mean number of total ovulated oocytes and the number of morphologically normal oocytes increased significantly compared to control group. And the rates of blastocyst formation from 2-cell stages alsa increased significantly compared to control group. Capase-3 gene expression which is known to maker gene for cell apoptosis were significantly lower than that of control group. And MAPK and MPG gene expressions for cell viability and DNA repair were same that of control group. Conclusion: From our results suggested that the medication of Guibitang has beneficial effect on reproductive functions of female mice via prevention of cell apoptosis and DNA damaging and promotion of cell proliferation.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.91-110
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• 2007

Purpose : These experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of administration of Palmultang on ovarian functions and differential gene expressions related cell viabilities caspase-3, MAPK and MPG in female mice. Materials and Methods : We administered the Palmultang to 6-week-old female ICR mice for 4, 8, or 12 days. The female mice were injected PMSG and hCG for ovarian hyperstimulation. And then recovered ovaries were minced and extracted mRNA and analyzed cell viability related gene expression. We chose the caspase-3 for cell apoptosis, MAPK and MPG genes for cell viability and DNA repair. To compare the differences, we set a control group treated with plain water at the same volume by the same way. Results : In case of administration of Palmultang, the mean number of total ovulated oocytes and the number of morphologically normal oocytes increased significantly compared to a control group. We were also examined the embryonic developmental competence in vitro. The administration of Palmultang in a concentration with 10 and 100 mg/ml were beneficial effect of embryonic development in preimplantation period. The administration of Palmultang play a role of prevention of cell apoptosis and DNA damages and also increased cell proliferation resulted in ovarian functions. Conclusion : From our results suggested that the medication of Palmultang has beneficial effect on reproductive functions of female mice via prevention of cell apoptosis and DNA damaging and promotion of cell proliferation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.320-331
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• 2019

Background: Dioecious plant species having both male and female plants have been investigated regarding sex-related characteristics such as sex ratio, sex-differential resource requirements, and spatial segregation of the sexes. Habitat loss and fragmentation are major threats to the survival of plant populations, but dioecious species are particularly more prone to such habitat degradation than non-dioecious species because of their dimorphic sexual system. We examined the sex-related demographics of two Ilex cornuta populations being different regarding land use history. Methods: During 2016-2017, we examined I. cornuta trees with a basal diameter ${\geq}1.5cm$ in the Yongsu-ri population (YS population) and the Gotjawal Provincial Park population (GP population). Plant sex (male, female, or unsexed) was identified. The tree size (basal diameter and height of the main stem), clonal production (the ramet numbers per genet), and vitality for each clone were measured. The associations between population, sex, tree size, clonal production, and vitality were examined using ANOVAs and contingency table analyses. Finally, point pattern analyses using O-ring statistics were conducted to assess spatial patterns. Results: Upon excluding unsexed trees, the YS population with 74 trees was significantly male-biased (0.66), while the GP population with only 26 trees had a 1:1 sex ratio. In both populations, males and females did not differ in tree size. Although the mean number of ramets differed significantly between populations, females tended to produce more ramets than males. The proportion of weak trees was significantly higher in the YS than in the GP population. Neither population showed evidence of spatial segregation of the sexes. Conclusions: The two populations of dioecious I. cornuta are characterized by the small number of trees and relatively high frequencies of non-reproductive trees. Both indicate that these populations are quite susceptible to environmental and genetic stochasticity. On the other hand, the differences between populations in sex ratio, clonal production, and vitality suggest that conservation efforts for I. cornuta need to be population-specific. In order to help recover and enable this vulnerable species to persist, it is necessary to find ways to enhance their sexual reproduction and simultaneously reduce habitat disturbances due to anthropogenic activities.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.381-389
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• 2021

토가족(土家族) 모고사(毛古斯) 춤은 상서(湘西) 토가족의 오래된 하나의 의식무(儀式舞)이다. 이는 인물, 대화, 단순한 스토리와 일정한 연출의 격식을 갖춘 일종의 원시적 춤이다. 또한 이는 중국 무용계와 연극계 전문가들로부터 중국 무용, 연극의 가장 원초적이고 살아있는 화석으로 인정받고 있다. 본 고는 철학, 종교학, 인류학 및 민속학 등 다각도에서 모고사(毛古斯) 춤의 원시 숭배 표상 뒤에 담긴 상고 시대에 남긴 여러 가지 정신 기호와 문화적 함의에 대해 해독하도록 하고자 한다. 이 여러 가지 정신 기호는 즉 자연 숭배, 토템 숭배, 조상 숭배와 생식 숭배이다. 그 강렬한 원시 숭배의식은 모구스춤의 공연과정의 시종에 내포되어 있으며, 그 행위와 정신 이념은 결코 미신과 봉건적인 행위가 아니라, 토가족의 풍부한 역사문화, 풍속과 정신내용을 진실하게 반영하고 있다. 이러한 원시적 생태의식이 살아서 번성해온 진정한 원인을 탐구하고 모고사(毛古斯) 춤에 덮인 베일을 벗기려 함으로써 우리에게는 이 두터운 역사를 담아낸 예술 형식의 깊은 내면을 더 잘 이해할 수 있도록 도와준다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.3-15
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• 2023

Objective: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a form of obsessive-compulsive disorder that may be negatively associated with the self-image. It might be associated with orthodontic treatment demand and outcome, and therefore is important. Thus, this study was conducted. Methods: The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) questionnaire was used in 699 orthodontic patients above 12 years of age (222 males, 477 females), at seven clinics in two cities (2020-2021). BDD diagnosis and severity were calculated based on the first 3 items and all 12 items of the questionnaire. The dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC) was assessed by orthodontists. Multivariable and bivariable statistical analyses were performed on ordinal and dichotomized BDD diagnoses to assess potentially associated factors (IOTN-DHC, age, sex, marital status, education level, and previous orthodontic consultation) (α = 0.05). Results: IOTN-DHC scores 1-5 were seen in 13.0%, 39.9%, 29.8%, 12.4%, and 4.9% of patients. Age/sex/marital status/education were not associated with IOTN-DHC (p > 0.05). Based on 3-item questionnaire, 17.02% of patients had BDD (14.02% mild). Based on 12-item questionnaire, 2.86% had BDD. BDD was more prevalent or severer in females, married patients, patients with a previous history of orthodontic consultation, and patients with milder IOTN-DHCs (p < 0.05). Conclusions: IOTNDHC was negatively/slightly associated with BDD in orthodontic patients. Being female and married may increase BDD risk.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2009

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 생식 노화 연령 연구(stages of reproductive aging workshop : STRAW)의 분류에 따른 초기와 후기 폐경후기에서의 폐경기 증상의 특징을 살펴보고 폐경기 증상의 심각도에 영향을 미치는 위험 요인들을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구대상 및 방법 : 서울, 경기지역에 거주하는 비임상 표본인 41~59세의 497명의 자연폐경이 된 폐경후기 여성을 대상으로 초기 폐경후기 군과 후기 폐경후기 군으로 구분하였다. 삶의 질의 평가를 위해 폐경평가척도(menopause rating scale : MRS)가 사용되었다. MRS 점수, 인구사회학적 특징, 흡연, 음주 여부, 폐경 연령과 폐경에 대한 태도, 우울감, 월경 전 불쾌장애 병력 여부 등의 위험 요인을 초기와 후기 폐경후기간에 비교 조사하였다. 각 군에서 각각의 변인들을 독립변수로 하여 MRS에 대한 다중 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 초기 폐경후기군에서 후기 폐경후기군에 비해 유의하게 더 심한 폐경기 증상, 폐경에 대한 부정적인 태도, 심한 우울감을 보였다. 안면홍조증상이 중등도 이상인 군은 경도 이하인 군보다 폐경기 증상의 호소와 우울감이 유의하게 높았고 폐경에 대한 태도는 부정적이었다. 폐경에 대한 태도와 우울감이 초기 폐경후기군과 후기 폐경후기군에서 모두 폐경기 증상의 심한 정도에 주요한 기여를 하였다. 초기 폐경후기군에서 연령, 폐경연령, 월경 전 불쾌장애 병력 여부가 폐경기 증상의 심각도에 유의하게 기여한 반면 후기 폐경후기군에서는 결혼상태, 직업여부가 폐경기 증상의 심각도에 기여하였다. 결론 : 폐경후기 여성의 삶의 질은 후기보다 초기에서 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 위험요인들 중 폐경에 대한 태도와 우울감은 초기와 후기 폐경후기의 삶의 질에 공통으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며 그 밖의 위험 요인들은 초기와 후기에 따라 다르게 나타나는 것으로 보인다. 향후에는 폐경기 증상 호소로 병원을 찾는 폐경후기 여성 환자들의 임상표본(clinical sample)을 대상으로 삶의 질과 위험 요인을 확립할 수 있는 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.83-93
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• 1997

Although IVF-ET is widely applied in the treatment of couples with male factor infertility, it may fail in many infertile couples with normal semen parameters, and certain couples cannot be accepted for standard IVF-ET due to unfertilization or extremely low fertilization rate of oocytes. Recently, several procedures of microassisted fertilization (MAF) using micromanipulation have been introduced, and pregnancies and births have been obtained after partial zona dissection (PZD), subzonal insertion (SUZI), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). This clinical study was performed to develop and establish ICSI as an effective procedure of MAF in infertile couples who could not undergo standard IVF-ET repetitively because of failure in fertilization or extremely low fertilization rate of oocytes with the conventional fertilization technique in the previous IVF-ET cycles. From March, 1995 to May, 1996, 27 cycles of IVF-ET with ICSI in 19 infertile patients were included in study group, and the outcomes of ICSI were analyzed according to fertilization rate, cumulative embryo score (CES), and pregnancy rate. The number of oocytes retrieved after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) was $10.50{\pm}6.13$ in 30 previous cycles, and $10.57{\pm}5.53$ in 27 ICSI cycles. In ICSI cycles, the number of oocytes optimal for ICSI procedure was $7.89{\pm}4.30$, and the fertilization rate of $67.9{\pm}20.2%$ could be obtained after ICSI. The number of embryos transferred was $1.43{\pm}2.40$ in previous cycles, and $4.36{\pm}1.77$ with the mean CES of $41.8{\pm}27.4$ in ICSI cycles. In ICSI cycles, the overall pregnancy rate was 29.6% (8/27) per cycle and 42.1% (8/19) per patient with the clinical pregnancy rate of 22.2% (6/27) per cycle and 31.6% (6/19) per patient. In conclusion, MAF of human oocytes with ICSI is a promising fertilization method for IVF-ET patients, especially with the past history of failure in fertilization or low fertilization rate of oocytes in the previous IVF-ET cycles, and ICSI using micromanipulation procedures applied to human oocytes will provide a range of novel techniques which may dramatically improve the pregnancy rate in IVF-ET program and contribute much to effective management of infertile couples.