• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.574-575
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• 2021

Re-manufacturing is the process of recovering the function and performance of the original product through a re-assembly process such as a new product assembly process after reprocessing by recovering used products or parts that are in the disposal stage at the end of their lifespan. One of the manufacturing methods. The remanufacturing industry is important not only in terms of environmental protection, but also in terms of economics. The success or failure of the industry as a whole depends on trust in products and price competitiveness. Image processing systems are used to reduce labor costs and improve product reliability in the product manufacturing process. In this study, foreign substances and defects that are difficult to identify with the human eye are detected by using the pre-processing step of determining whether to recycle the drum and image processing immediately before shipment after regenerating the drum to regenerate the waste drum.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.427-436
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• 2023

In the industry, it is recognized that human activities significantly lead to a large amount of wastewater, mainly due to the increased use of water and energy. As a result, the growing field of wastewater resource technology is getting more attention. The common technology for hydrogen production, water electrolysis, requires purified water, leading to the need for desalination and reprocessing. However, producing hydrogen directly from wastewater could be a more cost-effective option compared to traditional methods. To achieve this, a series of first-principle computational simulations were conducted to assess how waste nutrient ions affect standard electrolysis catalysts. This study focused on understanding the adsorption mechanisms of byproducts related to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis, using Co₃O₄ as a typical non-precious metal catalyst. At the same time, efforts were made to develop a comprehensive free energy prediction model for more accurate predictions of OER results.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2024

This review paper provides a detailed analysis of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottle recycling in Japan. Japan is a global leader in PET bottle recycling due to its advanced regulatory framework and proactive industry initiatives. Japan's success attributes to the widespread adoption of bottle-to-bottle recycling, driven by the beverage industry's commitment to sustainability. By utilizing post-consumer PET bottle recovery and food-grade mechanical recycling technologies, Japan has achieved significant milestones in PET bottle recycling. This paper examines regulatory frameworks, collection systems, reprocessing facilities, and food safety assessments to highlight Japan's innovative approaches to PET bottle recycling and their impact on global sustainability efforts. Drawing parallels with Korea's early stages of PET recycling, it suggests involving major beverage companies and re-evaluating regulations to promote bottle-to-bottle recycling. The focus is on the implications for Korea to promote circular economy principles in plastic recycling.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.181-193
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• 2023

In this study, we conducted a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of two different products, considering reusable and single-use packaging for fresh food distribution. For reusable packaging, we utilized expanded polyethylene (EPE), while for comparison, a disposable box made of widely used expanded polystyrene (EPS) was selected. We comprehensively analyzed the environmental impacts of production, transportation, reprocessing (for reused boxes), and disposal across 18 impact categories. Upon analyzing the actual reuse of 300 rounds of fresh food, the cumulative global warming potential (GWP) values for the EPE box were found to be 280.21 kg carbon dioxide (CO₂) eq, demonstrating a significant 75% reduction compared to those of the EPS box. Furthermore, it was observed that the GWP values for the EPE boxes became equivalent to those of the EPS boxes after 12 rounds of reuse. In conclusion, reusable packaging shows substantial potential to contribute to the reduction of environmental burdens, aligning well with global environmental requirements for sustainable food distribution and related industries.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.900-906
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• 2024

The Passively-Cooled Molten Salt Fast Reactor (PMFR) is one of the advanced design concepts of the Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR) which utilizes a natural circulation for the primary loop and aims to attain a long-life operation without any means of fuel reprocessing. For an extended operation period, it is necessary to have enough fissile material, i.e., high excess reactivity, at the onset of operation. Since the PMFR is based on a fast neutron spectrum, direct implementation of a burnable absorber concept for the control of excess reactivity would be ineffective. Therefore, a localized moderator concept that encircles the active core has been envisioned for the PMFR which enables the effective utilization of a burnable absorber to achieve low reactivity swing and long-life operation. The modified PMFR design that incorporates a moderator and burnable absorber is presented, where depletion calculation is performed to estimate the reactor lifetime and reactivity swing to assess the feasibility of the proposed design. All the presented neutronic analysis has been conducted based on the Monte Carlo Serpent2 code with ENDF/B-VII.1 library.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.44-51
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• 2009

This paper addresses a face verification method using the nonlinear composite filter. This face verification process can be simple and speedy because it does not require any reprocessing such as face detection, alignment or cropping. The optimum nonlinear composite filter is derived by minimizing the output energy due to additive noise and an input scene while maintaining the outputs of training images constant. The filter is equipped with the discrimination capability and the robustness to additive noise by minimizing the outputs of the input scene and the noise, respectively. We build the nonlinear composite filter with two training images and compare the filter with the conventional synthetic discriminant function (SDF) filter. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves are presented as a metric for the performance evaluation. According to the experimental results the optimum nonlinear composite filter is shown to be a robust scheme for face verification in low resolution and noise environments.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.407-412
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• 2003

An effective methodology is .reported for determining the optimal capacity (lot-size) of batch processing and storage networks which include material recycle or reprocessing streams. We assume that any given storage unit can store one material type which can be purchased from suppliers, be internally produced, internally consumed and/or sold to customers. We further assume that a storage unit is connected to all processing stages that use or produce the material to which that storage unit is dedicated. Each processing stage transforms a set of feedstock materials or intermediates into a set of products with constant conversion factors. The objective for optimization is to minimize the total cost composed of raw material procurement, setup and inventory holding costs as well as the capital costs of processing stages and storage units. A novel production and inventory analysis formulation, the PSW(Periodic Square Wave) model, provides useful expressions for the upper/lower bounds and average level of the storage inventory hold-up. The expressions for the Kuhn-Tucker conditions of the optimization problem can be reduced to two subproblems. The first yields analytical solutions for determining batch sizes while the second is a separable concave minimization network flow subproblem whose solution yields the average material flow rates through the networks. For the special case in which the number of storage is equal to the number of process stages and raw materials storage units, a complete analytical solution for average flow rates can be derived. The analytical solution for the multistage, strictly sequential batch-storage network case can also be obtained via this approach. The principal contribution of this study is thus the generalization and the extension to non-sequential networks with recycle streams. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the results obtainable using this approach.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2015

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that usually occurs after suffering from a psychological trauma that can not threatening events, which is one of the individual's subjective pain and their families and the larger society due to the chronic disease burden results. Treatment with a medication, as well as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, prolonged exposure therapy (PE), eye-movement desensitizing, and reprocessing (EMDR) are preferentially performed, including psychotherapy. Korean medical psychotherapy consists of a wide range of manual therapy, but it does not have systematically screening limits. This study was developed by Korean medical psychotherapy program for PTSD, and it was carried out as a preliminary clinical trial for validity. The Korean medical psychotherapy program for PTSD consists of four stages as follows: building chapter of safety, flow and send, accept, and integration. Based on this preliminary clinical study of PTSD, seven patients were treated for 2 hours per week for 5 weeks. We report the meaningful results gained by observing the changes in IES-RK points, questionnaire on five-faceted mindfulness, quality of life, anxiety, depression, insomnia, hwabyung scale, HRV, and EEG, before and after the Korean medical psychotherapy program.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Following the advanced fuel cycle initiative (AFCI) promotions in the United States, the analytic proposition for global fuel cycle initiative (GFCI) has been investigated using dynamical simulations. The political and economic aspects are considered simultaneously due to the particular characteristics of the nuclear materials. The spent nuclear fuels (SNFs) are treated as the reprocessing by the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT) exemption nations and the NPT excluded nations. Otherwise, the pyroprocessing and repository can be done without NPT restriction. In addition, the international trade is considered as the economic aspect where the energy production is a key issue of the GFCI. The dynamical simulations have been done until 2050. The result of the International Trade shows the gradually increasing shape. Additionally, the Nuclear Power Plant Operation shows the increasing by stepwise shape.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.110-116
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• 2020

As the management plan for domestic spent nuclear fuel is delayed, the storage of the operating nuclear power plant is approaching saturation, and the Kori 1 Unit that has reached its end of operation life is preparing for the dismantling plan. The first stage of dismantling is the transfer of spent nuclear fuel stored in storage at plants. The spent fuel management process leads to temporary storage, interim storage, reprocessing and permanent disposal. In this paper, the technical issues to be considered when transporting spent fuel in this process are summarized. The spent fuels are treated as high-level radioactive waste and strictly managed according to international regulations. A series of integrity tests are performed to demonstrate that spent fuel can be safely stored for decades in a dry environment before being transferred to an intermediate storage facility. The safety of spent fuel transport container must be demonstrated under normal transport conditions and virtual accident conditions. IAEA international standards are commonly applied to the design of transport containers, licensing regulations and transport regulations worldwide. In addition, each country operates a physical protection system to reduce and respond to the threat of radioactive terrorism.