• Title/Summary/Keyword: Representative Noise Level

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Auditory Evoked Skin Potential in Normal Subjects (정상 성인에서 청성유발 피부전위)

  • Heo, Seung-Deok;Jung, Dong-Keun;Suh, Duk-Joon;Kim, Gwang-Nyeon;Kim, Gi-Ryon;Kang, Myung-Koo;Kim, Lee-Suk
    • Speech Sciences
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.81-88
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    • 2005
  • Electrodermal activity(EDA) is a bio-electric signal which occurs at the skin surface during the sweating. EDA reflects the activity of the sympathetic axis of the autonomic nervous system. EDA is associated with the eccrine sweat gland at the palmar and plamar surface. This study was aimed to characterize the relationship between EDA and auditory stimulus intensities. Acoustic stimulus used in this study were 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz of narrow band noise, which were representative of speech frequencies in audible range. Stimulus intensity between 90 and 30 dB in 10 dB within dynamic range. After deriving the minimum stimulus intensity(threshold of skin potential) which elicited skin potential, and then the latency and amplitude were derived from waveform of skin potential, each latency and amplitude were compared to stimulus intensity. The waveform of skin potential were recorded stably, and the threshold of skin potential appeared nearly the hearing threshold level of the participant. The latency was decreased and the amplitude was increased according to the increase of the stimulus intensity. These results suggest that auditory evoked skin potential can be applicable to auditory assessment and audiological diagnosis tool.

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Smart-clothes System for Realtime Privacy Monitoring on Smart-phones (스마트폰에서 실시간 개인 모니터링을 위한 스마트의류 시스템)

  • Park, Hyun-Moon;Jeon, Byung-Chan;Park, Won-Ki;Park, Soo-Hyun;Lee, Sung-Chul
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.16 no.8
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    • pp.962-971
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    • 2013
  • In this paper, we propose a method to infer the user's behavior and situation through collected data from multi-sensor equipped with a smart clothing and it was implemented as a smart-phone App. This smart-clothes is able to monitor wearer users' health condition and activity levels through the gyro, temp and acceleration sensor. Sensed vital signs are transmitted to a bluetooth-enabled smart-phone in the smart-clothes. Thus, users are able to have real time information about their user condition, including activities level on the smart-application. User context reasoning and behavior determine is very difficult using multi-sensor depending on the measured value of the sensor varies from environmental noise. So, the reasoning and the digital filter algorithms to determine user behavior reducing noise and are required. In this paper, we used Multi-black Filter and SVM processing behavior for 3-axis value as a representative value of one.

Low Complexity Video Encoding Using Turbo Decoding Error Concealments for Sensor Network Application (센서네트워크상의 응용을 위한 터보 복호화 오류정정 기법을 이용한 경량화 비디오 부호화 방법)

  • Ko, Bong-Hyuck;Shim, Hyuk-Jae;Jeon, Byeung-Woo
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.11-21
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    • 2008
  • In conventional video coding, the complexity of encoder is much higher than that of decoder. However, as more needs arises for extremely simple encoder in environments having constrained energy such as sensor network, much investigation has been carried out for eliminating motion prediction/compensation claiming most complexity and energy in encoder. The Wyner-Ziv coding, one of the representative schemes for the problem, reconstructs video at decoder by correcting noise on side information using channel coding technique such as turbo code. Since the encoder generates only parity bits without performing any type of processes extracting correlation information between frames, it has an extremely simple structure. However, turbo decoding errors occur in noisy side information. When there are high-motion or occlusion between frames, more turbo decoding errors appear in reconstructed frame and look like Salt & Pepper noise. This severely deteriorates subjective video quality even though such noise rarely occurs. In this paper, we propose a computationally extremely light encoder based on symbol-level Wyner-Ziv coding technique and a new corresponding decoder which, based on a decision whether a pixel has error or not, applies median filter selectively in order to minimize loss of texture detail from filtering. The proposed method claims extremely low encoder complexity and shows improvements both in subjective quality and PSNR. Our experiments have verified average PSNR gain of up to 0.8dB.

A Study on Measurement Accuracy and Required Time based on SCPI of Power Meter in Ka Band (Ka 밴드에서 Power Meter 계측 명령어에 따른 측정 정확도와 소요시간에 대한 연구)

  • Cho, Tae-Chong;Shin, Suk-Ho
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.51-56
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    • 2020
  • Measurement accuracy and required time is important to make ATE(Automatic test equipment) system in Ka band, and SCPI commands of power meter which is a representative RF test equipment are studied in this paper. Comparison data between FETCH and MEASURE which are SCPI commands are measured in 30 G ~ 31 GHz and -70 ~ +20 dBm using two power sensor. The data show that FETCH which is the fastest SCPI is able to get reliable data in linear interval above noise level. MEASURE which is the best accurate command takes longer time than FETCH, and the longest time is 13.2 seconds. These results offer that measurement accuracy and required time of the two SCPI for power meter and would be used as a guideline for efficient ATE system in Ka band.

Real-time Vital Signs Measurement System using Facial Image Data (안면 이미지 데이터를 이용한 실시간 생체징후 측정시스템)

  • Kim, DaeYeol;Kim, JinSoo;Lee, KwangKee
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.132-142
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study is to present an effective methodology that can measure heart rate, heart rate variability, oxygen saturation, respiration rate, mental stress level, and blood pressure using mobile front camera that can be accessed most in real life. Face recognition was performed in real-time using Blaze Face to acquire facial image data, and the forehead was designated as ROI (Region Of Interest) using feature points of the eyes, nose, and mouth, and ears. Representative values for each channel of the ROI were generated and aligned on the time axis to measure vital signs. The vital signs measurement method was based on Fourier transform, and noise was removed and filtered according to the desired vital signs to increase the accuracy of the measurement. To verify the results, vital signs measured using facial image data were compared with pulse oximeter contact sensor, and TI non-contact sensor. As a result of this work, the possibility of extracting a total of six vital signs (heart rate, heart rate variability, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, stress, and blood pressure) was confirmed through facial images.

Comparative Analysis of Satisfaction according to Opened-Fencing in Campus Afforestation Project Types - Focused on University in Seoul - (대학교 담장개방 녹화사업 유형에 따른 이용 만족도 비교 분석 - 서울 소재 대학 캠퍼스를 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Se-Mi;Kim, Dong-Chan
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.57-66
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    • 2011
  • This study researched those universities for which fence opening and greening projects are being conducted by Seoul city. The forms of opened fences at 24 universities which have accomplished this project were classified into several types for each type of university, representative cases with many diverse facilities and active users were selected and investigated. The study was carried out using methods of field observations, literature review, and surveys. To maintain the confidentiality of the collected questionnaire analysis, the analysis of each type's usage frequency, overall satisfaction and a regression analysis with space environment and facilities, a one-way ANOVA for was used to validate the difference between types regarding satisfaction with the project. The results of usage type analysis were found to agree with the 3 analysis criteria-- installation location, user characteristics, and usage purpose--which were the legislative concepts. In overall satisfaction with facilities, it appeared that except for Seoul Women's College of Nursing with its rural district neighborhood type park, users were satisfied: with the small urban neighborhood park of Methodist Theological College, Konkuk University's small urban square park, and Sejong University's green space small city park. In general, users appeared to not have satisfaction with such features as fountains / hydroponic facilities, fitness facilities, and square facilities, which should be taken into consideration when pursuing further opening and greening projects. Regarding full satisfaction with the space environment, it was found that users were not satisfied with Seoul Women's College of Nursing's rural district neighborhood-style park, whereas they were satisfied with Methodist Theological College's small urban neighborhood park, Konkuk University's small urban square-style park, and Sejong University's green space small city park. In addition, it was shown that facilities use, convenience and privacy of the four parks were largely unsatisfactory for users, and that the small city parks located at roadsides were unsatisfactory regarding noise level, both of which should be most highly considered when conducting similar projects in the future.

Selective Word Embedding for Sentence Classification by Considering Information Gain and Word Similarity (문장 분류를 위한 정보 이득 및 유사도에 따른 단어 제거와 선택적 단어 임베딩 방안)

  • Lee, Min Seok;Yang, Seok Woo;Lee, Hong Joo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.105-122
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    • 2019
  • Dimensionality reduction is one of the methods to handle big data in text mining. For dimensionality reduction, we should consider the density of data, which has a significant influence on the performance of sentence classification. It requires lots of computations for data of higher dimensions. Eventually, it can cause lots of computational cost and overfitting in the model. Thus, the dimension reduction process is necessary to improve the performance of the model. Diverse methods have been proposed from only lessening the noise of data like misspelling or informal text to including semantic and syntactic information. On top of it, the expression and selection of the text features have impacts on the performance of the classifier for sentence classification, which is one of the fields of Natural Language Processing. The common goal of dimension reduction is to find latent space that is representative of raw data from observation space. Existing methods utilize various algorithms for dimensionality reduction, such as feature extraction and feature selection. In addition to these algorithms, word embeddings, learning low-dimensional vector space representations of words, that can capture semantic and syntactic information from data are also utilized. For improving performance, recent studies have suggested methods that the word dictionary is modified according to the positive and negative score of pre-defined words. The basic idea of this study is that similar words have similar vector representations. Once the feature selection algorithm selects the words that are not important, we thought the words that are similar to the selected words also have no impacts on sentence classification. This study proposes two ways to achieve more accurate classification that conduct selective word elimination under specific regulations and construct word embedding based on Word2Vec embedding. To select words having low importance from the text, we use information gain algorithm to measure the importance and cosine similarity to search for similar words. First, we eliminate words that have comparatively low information gain values from the raw text and form word embedding. Second, we select words additionally that are similar to the words that have a low level of information gain values and make word embedding. In the end, these filtered text and word embedding apply to the deep learning models; Convolutional Neural Network and Attention-Based Bidirectional LSTM. This study uses customer reviews on Kindle in Amazon.com, IMDB, and Yelp as datasets, and classify each data using the deep learning models. The reviews got more than five helpful votes, and the ratio of helpful votes was over 70% classified as helpful reviews. Also, Yelp only shows the number of helpful votes. We extracted 100,000 reviews which got more than five helpful votes using a random sampling method among 750,000 reviews. The minimal preprocessing was executed to each dataset, such as removing numbers and special characters from text data. To evaluate the proposed methods, we compared the performances of Word2Vec and GloVe word embeddings, which used all the words. We showed that one of the proposed methods is better than the embeddings with all the words. By removing unimportant words, we can get better performance. However, if we removed too many words, it showed that the performance was lowered. For future research, it is required to consider diverse ways of preprocessing and the in-depth analysis for the co-occurrence of words to measure similarity values among words. Also, we only applied the proposed method with Word2Vec. Other embedding methods such as GloVe, fastText, ELMo can be applied with the proposed methods, and it is possible to identify the possible combinations between word embedding methods and elimination methods.