• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.68
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• pp.237-281
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• 2017

This research aimed at investigating Kim Gyoshin's recognition on Korean traditional ideology and harmony of Christian idea and traditional idea through the writing and diary in "Bible Joseon". Kim Gyoshin expressed positive interest in Korean traditional idea and traditional religion, and intended to localize Christian belief through communicating with them. He expressed infinite respect for national cultural asset of Buddhism, intending to research Korean Buddhism. He paid utmost attention to Confucianism among traditional ideas. He had a strong affection for learning(好學), benevolence(仁義), conscience(良心) of Confucianism as patriotic character. He calmly practiced caution and solitary(愼獨) of sincere(誠), solemnity(敬) of Confucianism through his life, however he chose Christian belief by accepting atonement belief realizing human sinful nature fundamentally inherent in human being. He personally respected Confucius and lived after the model of him, however he searched the spirit of life to renew the people from Christianity. Academically, he respected Confucius, and believed in Jesus in religion. He highly evaluated the attitude of patriot(志士), which highly regarded the academic attitude of learning(好學) and benevolence(仁義), in this regard, criticized blind and non-intellectual belief. He had an open attitude toward Korean traditional idea with no prejudice. As human individuals have their own inherent moral value, he viewed that each people would have their inherent ethnicity and mission. He considered that Korean Peninsula where contradiction and yoke of the world history are inherent is the center of East Asia that would purify injustice of the world. He viewed that Korean people had owned their original good heart[仁] even before Buddhism and Confucianism had been transmitted to the country. He determined that Korean people were good people, who received goodness from the heaven. However, while Uchimura created Japanese style Christianity by adapting Japanese knighthood to Christian idea, Kim Gyoshin lacked sharp critical mind regarding how to establish Korean style Christianity by adapting which of Korean traditional idea to Christian idea.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.41
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• pp.61-90
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• 2010

In this paper, I focused on analyzing Yeoheon Chang Hyeon-gwang's literary theory and his prose in the genealogy of Confucian scholars in Chosun. Through this study, I would like to examine the trend of concentrating on 16th century when we treat the literary tendency of Confucian scholars. With this goal, I tried to seek the direction which was pursued by Confucian scholars who lived during the 17th century. Yeoheon tried to construct the spirit of humanities cosmically as an aim of his life, study, and literature. And he had a new understanding of human independence by suffering from Japanese invasion in the late of 16th century. He insisted that only human can realize the spirit of humanities on a cosmic base. He also thought that the morality(道) could be settled only by literature(文). We may interpret this concept as a progressive idea about literature comparing to the former Confucian scholars. On the other hands, Yeoheon tried to accept the literary theory of former scholars such like Park Young, Cho Sik, and Seong Woon who embraced Taoism. Yet he erased the color of Taoism in the field of topic, and he also tried to keep his distance from them in the field of literary form. This concept actually came from Lee Hwang's opinion, while Yeoheon tried to rouse scholar's independence. Through above, we may realize that the Confucian scholars of 17th century were not just imitators of 16th century. They tried to examine the former study and also tried to renew the theory.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.33
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• pp.45-82
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• 2016

Class, the fundamental unit of school education and the meeting place of teacher and students, plays an important role in study of the subject matter of education. Class criticism is material to the theory or method that helps researchers deeply understand and analyze class phenomena or teachers' actions during a class. In this study, I make a critique on the features of a classic novel class as attempt to expand on new prospects in the field of research on classical literature education. The classic novel class in this class criticism is typical one, which reads the work analytically. Nevertheless, the teacher turns the students' vague repulsion into empathy and helps them appreciate and internalize the work. Students' empathy and response are reflected in the interpreting-centered class because the teacher's insights about the work and experience, knowledge, and method of literature education are projected during the class. Especially, a situation in which the teacher spends a relatively long time narrating the background of the work clearly shows the value and meaning disseminated in a classic novel class. Based on the aforementioned, attempts to collect a variety of cases of a classic novel class and to understand the meaning of these cases have to be part of future research. The research on the attributes of a class such as criticism of classic novels enables us to renew introspection to discover classical literature education.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.31
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• pp.119-153
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• 2013

There is the commonness between I-Ching of Asian scriptures and Analytic Psychology of C. G. Jung as the conjunction of opposites of yin and yang. I-Ching has the base of the Great Absolute(太極) as yin and yang. Jung's psychology has the basic structure of opposite contents of psyche. The former wants to find the proper answer for the situation as fortune book, the latter realization of personal psyche. At this basis to approach I-Ching through the Analytic Psychology can be connected with the screening its inner system and structure in the frame of depth psychology. Basically I-Ching is the scripture about the good or ill luck, regret and stinginess. All of them are related with the psychology of human beings practically. I-Ching as the main scripture of Asia has the core theme concept of the mean (中). Previously mentioned the good or ill luck, regret and stinginess are included into this as the large view point. The best decision between the given situation and the fortune teller pursues the mean(中) path of both. Jung's psychology also attaches importance to the proper balance among personal conscious, unconscious and his surrounded situations. Goodness is relied on the mean, healthy psyche the harmony with the psychological and real situations of a person. But this balance and mean cannot be achieved without any reason but by the result of the conjunction of opposites. The opposites are the Ch'ien(乾, the Creative, Heaven) and K'un(坤, the Receptive, Earth) as yin and yang in I-Ching and the conscious and unconscious in Jung's psychology. These can be opened to masculine and feminine, psyche and matter, transcendent and existence and casuality and acausal synchronicity. Conjunction of these opposites can develope and create the new conscious and creative situation. Finally yin and yang from the Great Absolute and conscious and unconscious from Self become the opposites and go through necessary step of separation and sublimation for the creation of new level. In the Great Absolute there are yin and yang and yin the latter contains the cyclic process which can make the former renew. Conjunction of opposite in Jung's psychology also go through the similar process as the Great Absolute of yin and yang.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.68
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• pp.345-377
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• 2017

Jang Hyeongwang is one of the leading scholars since the era of Toe'gye and Yulgok in Korean Confucianism. Thus, this paper will summarize his schooling, i.e., education in local school(Hyanggyo), specific activities, and the meaning of moral education. Although Toe'gye and Yulgok recognized the problems of local school and their indictment revealed in 16th century, they sought different solutions to overcome the issues. Toe'gye paid attention to establishment of local academy(Seowon) and strengthening its stature in order to renew Confucian education while Yulgok kept an eye on reformation of local school as government educational institution for revitalizing schooling, fostering the talented and establishing moral discipline. In this context, I will summarize Yeoheon's perspective on schooling in terms of the difference with Toe'gye and Yulgok's ideas. Especially, I will analyze his problematique paying attention to restoration of moral order in local communities devastated since Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and how it makes connection with local education and its implication. Furthermore, I will systematically examine the educational regulation of Indong local school(Indong Hyanggyo) he proposed and what its contents and real body he intended. In addition to these, I will suggest how much Yeohon's ideas on local education are meaningful in moral education and what kind of insightful things they would give us in current educational environments.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.68
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• pp.307-344
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• 2021

After Protestant missionaries delivered the gospel to Korea in the 1880s, Korean Protestantism has pursued qualitative growth following quantitative growth. Pastors and scholars are continuing their efforts for qualitative growth in various fields such as theology, ministry, social participation, ethics, education, counseling, history, and spirituality. Prayer has been a significant spiritual resource and method in the history and for the faith of Korean Protestant churches. Historical and theoretical research on Korean Protestant prayer traditions has been continuously performed, and it is time to re-establish and renew the prayer traditions for the new generation and context of the Protestant churches. In this historical time, it is necessary to summarize the Korean Protestant prayer traditions and describe their significance for the change of Korean Protestantism and its prayer education. This study analyzes the characteristic elements of the Korean Protestant prayer tradition and discusses its significance in the church and Christian education. In addition, it analyzes the cause and background of the establishment of a specific prayer element in Korean Protestantism and describes the relationship with the topics currently being emerged. Through the research on the prayer traditions, this study reflects on the meaning of the Korean Protestant prayer tradition to Christian education and discusses the content, method, and purpose of future education in relation to Korean Protestant prayer. This study argues that prayer education should be conducted from the perspective of Christian history and tradition as a whole with understanding the characteristics of Korean Protestant prayer traditions and the educational and non-educational elements of prayer.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.27
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• pp.85-118
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• 2009

Kim Hang(金恒: Il-Boo 1826-1898) presented that in the end of 19 century The Book of Correct Changes(正易) alternated I-Ching(周易) in Korea. He predicted that the New world would be realized soon. In other words, the Former-Heaven(先天) would be changed in to the After-Heaven(後天). The New world means the highest well-being society and harmonized world. He named the New world as the Yuli world(琉璃世上). The Book of Correct Changes contained the idea of reformation of society with great cosmic changes and taught us to cultivate and train our mind for transformation of human beings. The New world will be come true, and there the struggling will be ceased. The New world will be accompanied by the transformation of human beings. Each person has to persevere changing him(her)-Selfin his(her) efforts to be a holy man. All people will achieve the high spirit. Kim Hang taught us to renew ourself and made the new world where every person will live with Truth and have an equal right and treat others without discrimination.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.26
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• pp.183-214
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to promote the understanding of the objective of Daesoon Thought through 'examining the Objectives of Daesoonjinrihoe.' The objective of Daesoon thought was set when Kang Jeungsan Sangje descended to human world, upon the plea of divine sages, buddhas, and bodhisattvas, and determined to save the world and relieve people far and wide. For building an Earthly Paradise with Daesoon thought, Sangje carried out the great work of Reordering of the Universe for nine years and passed into heaven. Cho Jeongsan Doju, who received the heavenly religious orthodox through divine revelation from Sangje, served the late will of Sangje and established Main Tenets, Creeds, and objective of Daesoon thought. The objective set by Doju was continued to Park Wudang Dojeon and formed the Objectives of Daesoonjinrihoe. The Objectives of Daesoonjinrihoe consist of three sets of objectives in sequential order, which are related in organic, mutual beneficient, and integrative with one another. The Objectives starts from individual cultivation and expand into worldly reformation: 1)one's Spiritual transformation through Guarding against self-deception 2)Renewal of human beings through Realizing Earthly Immortality 3)Opening of new world through Building of Earthly Paradise. Also, in these Objectives of Daesoonjinrihoe, Three Realms of Heaven, Earth, and Humanity keep close relations to enter into new world. These Objectives are based on the 'thought of mutual beneficence' and are realized with Daesoon thought, which is the Dao of 'Crowned King' that goes beyond the previous thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Objectives of Daesoonjinrihoe have following details in each objective as following; (1) 'Guarding against self-deception-Spiritual Transformation' is for human nature. In Daesoon thought, human has the potential to restore conscience, which is true nature, and return to undefiled essence by 'guarding against self-deception'. In other words, it views that one can reach into the stage of spiritual alignment with the Dao once he recovers conscience through cultivation of Daesoonjinrihoe based on the idea of 'Guarding against self-deception'. (2) 'Realizing Earthly Immortality-Renewal of human beings' is for ideal human character. 'Realizing Earthly Immortality' in Daesoon Thought indicates the advent of ideal human beings called 'Dotong gunja'(virtuous beings who are aligned with the Dao). They are leaders who integrate politics and religion in helping people to renew themselves and make the world into Earthly Paradise. (3) 'Building an Earthly Paradise-Opening of new world' is for ideal society. Daesoon thought aims to making a peaceful world by creating an ideal society of heaven on this earth. Park Wudang Dojeon, who led Daesoonjinrihoe, emphasized the importance of Three Basic Activities: Spreading of Sangje's virtue, Edification, and Cultivation: and Three Major Activities: Aid and charity, Social welfare, and Education. Dojeon said "One should make effort to reach the utmost goodness through enlightening their bright virtue and cultivating their talent virtue." In this words, he made clear that the Objectives of Daesoonjinrihoe can be realized when people enlighten their bright virtue and cultivate themselves with their talent virtue. In conclusion, the Objectives of Daesoon thought were clarified of their meanings by Sangje, established into laws by Doju, and actualized by Dojoen in various activities of Daesoonjinrihoe.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.163-179
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to investigate to which degree farmers did the crop switching and cultivar renewal as a confrontational strategy to climate change, and which problems they had in that process, and then to provide the supporting plans for them. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 15 citrus farmers of the KNCAP graduates in Jeju Island. Most of the survey respondents agreed to the climate change of Jeju Island and the subtropical climate of its coastal area. The farmers have experienced irregular weather such as abnormal high temperature, frequent rain, and droughts, resulting in the harmful insects and new weeds attack. As the climate change strategies, they are adopting a greenhouse culture system, improving a soil drainage using reorganization of planting space, making a new pest management program, and trying to switch a crop to subtropical fruits. It is expected that 50% of the survey respondents have changed their crops or will do; and 73 % of them have changed cultivar or have a plan to do. Only a few farmers directly pointed to a reason for their efforts to change the crops or to renew the cultivars as the anti-climate change strategy, however, most farmers answered the reason was to increase profitability by meeting their consumers' tastes. Presently, it is not the anti-climate change strategy but increase of profitability by meeting the consumers' needs the reason why most of the survey respondents have changed their crops or renewed the cultivars, while a few of them switched their crops to a subtropical fruit trees due to climate change. On the crop switching, they had some difficulties such as a labor shortage, availability of land, operating costs and instable income. On the cultivar renewal, also, they encountered the lack of cultivating techniques for new cultivars and the dim future for the new market. In long-term perspective, Jeju's farmers need new information and educational programs about the effect of climate change on agriculture of Jeju, and cultivation techniques for new crops and new cultivars.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2024

In the modern academic research environment, the advancement of digital technology provides researchers with increasingly diverse and rich access to information, but at the same time, the issue of author identification has emerged as a new challenge. The problem of author identification is a major factor that undermines the transparency and accuracy of academic communication, potentially causing confusion in the accurate attribution of research results and the construction of research networks. In response, identifier systems such as the International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) and Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) have been introduced, but still face limitations due to low participation by authors and inaccurate entry of information. This study focuses on researching information management methods for identification from the moment author information is first entered into the system, proposing ways to improve the accuracy of author identification and maximize the efficiency of academic information services. Through this, it aims to renew awareness of the issue of author identification within the academic community and present concrete measures that related institutions and researchers can take to solve this problem.