• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2001

Purpose: In this study, we developed a new software tool for the analysis of renal scintigraphy which can be modified more easily by a user who needs to study new clinical applications, and the appropriateness of the results from our program was studied. Materials and Methods: The analysis tool was programmed with IDL5.2 and designed for use on a personal computer running Windows. For testing the developed tool and studying the appropriateness of the calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA was administered to 10 adults in normal condition. In order to study the appropriateness of the calculated mean transit time (MTT), $^{99m}Tc-DTPA\;and\;^{99m}Tc-MAG3$ were administered to 11 adults in normal condition and 22 kidneys were analyzed. All the images were acquired with ORBITOR. the Siemens gamma camera. Results: With the developed tool, we could show dynamic renal images and time activity curve (TAC) in each ROI and calculate clinical parameters of renal function. The results calculated by the developed tool were not different statistically from the results obtained by the Siemens application program (Tmax: p=0.68, Relative Renal Function: p:1.0, GFR: p=0.25) and the developed program proved reasonable. The MTT calculation tool proved to be reasonable by the evaluation of the influence of hydration status on MTT. Conclusion: We have obtained reasonable clinical parameters for the evaluation of renal function with the software tool developed in this study. The developed tool could prove more practical than conventional, commercial programs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.21-24
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 신장조직 영상에서 사구체 영역을 자동적으로 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 사구체 조직은 신장의 상태를 나타내는 많은 정보를 포함하고 있기 때문에 사구체 영역의 추출은 신장 검사를 자동화하기 위한 첫 번째 단계이다. 그러나 사구체 영역을 단순한 2치화 방법으로 직접 추출함은 어려운 일이다. 이에 본 연구자들은 우선, 가우스 함수에 의한 원영상의 빛바랜 영상을 동적인 임계값으로 사용함으로써 원영상을 2치화한다. 다음으로, 획득한 영상으로부터 간단한 영상처리 기법에 의한 사구체 영역의 경계 에지를 포함하는 모든 에지를 추출한다. 그 다음으로 사구체 영역의 경계 에지를 판별함으로써 사구체 영역을 추출하였다. 이 방법은 다수의 샘플에 적용해서 유효성을 확인한 바 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.310-312
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 신장조직 영상으로부터 사구체 영역을 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 사구체 조직은 신장의 상태를 나타내는 많은 정보를 포함하고 있기 때문에 사구체 영역의 추출은 신장 검사를 자동화하기 위한 첫 번째 단계이다. 그러나 사구체 영역을 단순한 2치화 방법으로 직접 추출함은 어려운 일이다. 이에 본 연구자들은 우선, 가우스 함수에 의한 원영상의 빛바랜 영상을 동적인 임계값으로 사용함으로써 원영상을 2치화 한다. 다음으로, 획득한 영상으로부터 간단한 영상처리 기법에 의한 사구체 영역의 경계 에지를 포함하는 모든 에지를 추출한다 그 다음으로 사구체 영역의 경계 에지를 판별함으로써 사구체 영역을 추출하였다. 이 방법은 다수의 샘플에 적용해서 유효성을 확인한 바 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.556-558
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• 2019

기존 초음파 지방간 분석은 Hepatorenal sonographic index(HI)를 사용하여 지방간을 진단하여 왔다. 이러한 HI 기법에서는 Hepato(간)과 Renal(신장), 두 부분의 영상데이터를 비교 활용하였다면, 본 논문에서는 신장의 영상데이터만을 이용하여, 이의 통계적 특징 벡터만을 활용하여 지방간을 진단을 함으로서 기존의 HI기반 분석대비 편리성과 정확도를 개선코자 Kidney Index(KI) 기반의 분석 기법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안된 KI는 정상간과 지방간을 가진 실제 환자의 초음파 사진(정상간, 지방간 각 30명)을 학습 데이터를 구성하고, 이들 데이터군으로부터 특징 벡터들을 선별하여 머신러닝 기법 중 서포트 벡터 머신(Support Vector Machine)을 통해 학습시켜, 제안된 알고리즘의 유효성을 입증하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2014

Purpose Find out about the significance of the GFR values calculated by the kidney depth is measured by comparing the values obtained for kidney depth was measured GFR in the CT image kidney depth and is calculated by Tonnesen law in $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA dynamic kidney scan with each applies. Materials and Methods Among patients with normal value (75~120 mL/min) computed GFR conducted of dynamic renal scan to visit from February 2013 to February 2014 and donor GFR values in patients with normal value. The mean age was 46.9 years with 14 men 13 females. We used abdomen CT image which checked before conducting dynamic Kidney scan for measuring the depth of kidney. We only used CT image that contains renal hilum and measured outermost front of the kidney from the skin surface (a) and the final surface (b) caculated the average depth of [(a + b) / 2] respectively. Using the same ROI in order to limit the change in GFR values by the other additional element was set before and after the depth value was excluded from the GFR falls kidney disease. Results Using Tonnesen law the average value was caculated 5.94 cm from the right kidney 5.90 cm from the left kidney. It was 6.83 cm, 8.71 cm in the left kidney and the right kidney average value of the depth measured on the basis of the CT image. The respective increase in left kidney 0.93 cm and right kidney 2.77 cm calculated on the basis of CT image actually measured values. GFR was calculated as the average depth of the subject calculated by the method Tonnesen $83.3{\pm}9.79mL/min$. $98.6{\pm}14.07mL/min$ GFR was applied to calculate the average depth of the subjects using the CT image, is the difference appears 15.26 mL/min was increased after seting up depth value, P value was less than 0.01 which is significant. Conclusion The difference between GFR before-after setting up depth value cause that the different of depth value. Is a measured depth of the extension value of the calculated estimates Whereas Tonnesen kidney depth method is to use in calculating the value of GFR in a typical dynamic elongation test depth derived using the CT image depth. Is thought to be able to calculate more accurately the GFR value by the distance to the center of kidney more accurately measured in the skin thereby.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.81-82
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• 2001

A 47-year-old man with end-stage renal disease due to diabetic nephropathy underwent a peritoneal scintigraphy to evaluate the cause of recently developed scrotal swelling. Two liters of dialysate mixed with 111 MBq of Tc-99m sulfur colloid were administered into the peritoneal cavity via the dialysis catheter. Various anterior images of the abdomen and pelvis were obtained at 15 min, 2 hr and 4 hr after the tracer instillation. At 15 min, anterior images of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated linear tracts of activity through both inguinal canals, which were more prominent in the right side (A). Images at 2 hr revealed a passage of the radioactive fluid into the right hemiscrotum. At the same time, there was a considerable accumulation of activity in the right inguinal canal (B). In the delayed image, there was a progressive accumulation of activity in the inguinal canals and a prominent passage of the tracer into the scrotum (C). Both abdominal and inguinal hernias are commonly associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Overall incidence of CAPD-induced hernia ranges from 2.7% to 25%.$^{1)}$ Inguinal hernias were frequently manifested as scrotal swelling. Leakages of dialysate fluid into the scrotum has been noted in CAPD patients with scrotal swelling, with or without clinical findings of inguinal hernia.$^{1,2)}$ In the present case, the right side had leakage from a clinical inguinal hernia and the left side, leakage from a subclinial inguinal hernia. A subclinical inguinal hernia was easily demonstrable with peritoneal scintigraphy. Peritoneal scintigraphy is extremely helpful in the evaluation of scrotal swelling in a patient on CAPD.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2018

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effects of six ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg1, and Rg3) isolated from Panax ginseng against tacrolimus (FK506)-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells. Methods: LLC-PK1 cells were treated with FK506 and ginsenosides, and cell viability was measured. Protein expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinases, caspase-3, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were evaluated by Western blotting analyses. The number of apoptotic cells was measured using an image-based cytometric assay. Results: Reduction in cell viability by $60{\mu}M$ FK506 was ameliorated significantly by cotreatment with ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1. The phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and KIM-1, and cleavage of caspase-3, increased markedly in LLC-PK1 cells treated with FK506 and significantly decreased after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rb1. The number of apoptotic cells decreased by 6.0% after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rb1 ($10{\mu}M$ and $50{\mu}M$). Conclusion: The antiapoptotic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on FK506-induced apoptosis were mediated by the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases and caspase activation.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2013

Whole body bone scan has been used to confirm bone metastasis and follow-up study with radio isotope. However, if the factors related to $^{99m}Tc$ uptake and waiting time for study are inappropriate, it would be image of low quality. The purpose of present study was to investigate correlation between the evaluation index of renal function and uptake of radiopharmaceuticals. The population for this retrospective study consisted of 387 patients who underwent whole body bone scan between June 2012 and December 2012. As a result of quantitative and qualitative analysis, we were able to confirm that GFR of less than normal range and creatinine levels in blood of more than average are more likely to be under the mean uptake rate. As a result of analysis on the indicator affecting soft-tissue and bone uptake, the correlation of all elements was somewhat low. Also there are no statistically significances due to the other parameters we did not deal with. Therefore, further research on additional factors is needed for exact study and improvement of the image quality.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 1990

$^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ was synthesized, and biodistribution and blood clearance rate were compared with those of $^{131}I-OIH$ in mice and rats respectively. Finally renal image was obtained from a normal male volunteer before and after prescription of probenecid. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The uptake of $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ by kindey was higher than that of $^{131}I-OIH$ in mice 10 mins after injection (n=6, p<0.05), but slightly lower uptakes were found in all organs (kindney, blood, stomach, intestinge and liver) 2 hrs after injection. 2) For $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ $4\frac{1}{2}\;\alpha=2.4{\pm}0.0\;min,\;t\frac{1}{2}\;\beta=44.3{\pm}7.4\;min$, and blood clearance=$3.4{\pm}0.5ml/min$, and for $^{131}I-OIH\;t\frac{1}{2}\;\alpha=1.8{\pm}0.2\;min,\;\beta=69.1{\pm}9.5\;min$, and blood clearance=$1.3{\pm}0.1\;min$ were found in rats. 3) From the renogram of normal male volunteer, we could find that tmax=130 sec and $t\frac{1}{2}=430\;sec$ before probenecid prescription, and $tmax=150\sim170$ sec and $t\frac{1}{2}=810\sim1,170$ sec after probenecid prescriprion. From these results we concluded that $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ can be used instead of $^{131}I-OIH$ for obtaining renal image.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.17B no.6
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• pp.437-444
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a method of analysing the relation between the patient's face color and his(her) kidney disease using image processing technology. This method is based on the ocular inspection which is one of the most famous diagnosis methods used in the oriental medical system. The way of processing and analysing the face image, which is for visualization and objectification of the color difference, is included. The objects are selected from the patients who suffer the kidney disease and use the hemodialyzer. Their facial images and clinical data are collected. From these data, we propose a hypothesis that the color of the patient's face is changed according to the patient's kidney state. At the same time, we present two algorithms of extracting the specific part of face which can identify the state of the patient's kidney and tracing the history of the color's change. This proposed method is evaluated through the practical experiments and their analysis.