• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.177-181
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• 2016

Mini-pigs have been widely employed in preclinical studies to explore new therapeutic strategies for diseases of the human urinary system; however, the normal reference of the renal artery has not been clearly investigated in the mini-pig model. Therefore, we aimed to establish a normal reference of the radiological morphology of the renal artery in mini-pigs by renal angiography via catheterization of the carotid artery. The renal angiographies obtained from 15 mini-pigs were evaluated to determine the orifice from the aorta, facing direction, size and the number of branches of renal arteries. Cranio-laterally facing renal arteries with 2 distal branches were mainly observed in the renal artery of mini-pigs. Both sides of the renal artery presented symmetrical sizes; however, the right renal artery orifice from the aorta was located more cranially than the left counterpart. The results of this study will contribute to radiological diagnosis of the renal artery as well as preclinical studies of mini-pigs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.467-470
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• 2013

The rupture of a renal artery aneurysm is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnose. Although we usually consider the appropriate treatment to be open laparotomy with aortic aneurysm surgery or stenting with graft insertion through intravascular intervention, thus far, there is no general consensus on the treatment protocol for renal artery aneurysm. Notably, ruptured renal artery aneurysm is a true critical emergency that may result in a fatal outcome. We are reporting two renal artery aneurysm patients who had ruptured and underwent emergency laparotomy.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.330-340
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• 2022

The renal artery is frequently involved in the pathogenesis of vasculorenal diseases, and it is a target in kidney surgery and therapeutic techniques for refractory hypertension. However, few detailed structural studies on the human renal artery have been conducted. Using histocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative image analysis, the wall thickness, structure, smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix, and proportion of elastic tissue in the tunica media of main human renal arteries were used estimated. Ninety-six tissue samples were collected from sections of the right and left main renal arteries. The results showed that the renal artery changed from an elastic vessel in its proximal segment to a muscular artery in its distal part. A critical characteristic of the renal artery was the presence of longitudinal smooth muscle cell formations in the tunica adventitia of middle and distal segments but not in the proximal part of the artery. In addition, the tunica adventitia of the renal artery showed a rich vascularization and the presence of numerous nerves profiles. The artery's regional structural and morphometric features explain that a particular arterial pathology is more frequent in a specific vessel sector than in others. In addition, those characteristics could determine a different therapeutic response attending to the arterial sector.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.212-215
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• 2005

Renal artery stenosis is a major cause of renovascular hypertension and the most common cause of treatable secondary hypertension. There are several methods to treat renal artery stenosis, including surgery, percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty(PTRA), and renal artery stenting(RAS). But, renal artery embolization can be tried in atherosclerotic stenosis, multiple stenosis, microaneurysm, and stenosis difficult to try PTRA or RAS. We report a case of renovascular hypertension in a 14-year-old female who had multiple segmental renal artery stenosis. Hypertension was controlled by renal ablation therapy with renal artery embolization.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 1996

5-Hydroxytryptamine(5-HT, serotonin), when given into the vein, produced antidiuretic action accompanied with reduction of glomerular filtration(GFR), renal plasma flow(RPF), osmolar clearance(Cosm) and amounts of sodium or potassium excreted in urine( $E_{Na}$ , $E_{K}$), with the augmented reabsorption rates of sodium and potassium in renal tubules. 5-HT, when infused into a renal artery, exhibited diuretic action accompanied with the augmented RPF and increased $E_{Na}$ and $E_{K}$ in only infused kidney. Antidiuretic action of 5-HT infused into the vein was not influenced by ketanserin, 5-H $T_2$receptor blockade, given into a renal artery, vein or carotid artery, by methysergide, 5-H $T_1$receptor blockade, given into a renal artery, whereas above antidiuretic action was inhibited by methysergide given into vein or carotid artery. Diuretic action of 5-HT infused into a renal artery in only experimental kidney was blocked by ketanserin injected into a renal artery, was not influenced by methysergide administered into a renal artery. Above results suggest that 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) produced the antidiuretic action through central 5-H $T_1$receptor and the diuretic action through 5-H $T_2$receptor located in renal tubules of kidney.ney.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.211-214
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• 2001

The embolic effect of Gelfoam was investigated for transarterial embolization of renal artery (TAE-RA) in four normal rabbits. The catheter was selectively introduced into the unilateral renal artery under fluoroscopy and the Gelfoam-iohexol mixture was infused through a catheter into the renal arteries of 4 rabbits. The immediate and delayed (8 weeks) embolic effects on the renal arteries was investigated with selective angiography. The Gelfoam-iohexol was visualized under fluorosxopy in four rabbits. Renal arteries were ablated immediately after TAE-RA in four rabbits, however, opacification of renal parenchyma was visualized by injected contrast agent in 3 rabbits at 8 weeks. The Gelfoam-iohexol can be used as a short-term embolic materials for TAE-RA, however it is not adequate for permanent embolization of renal artery.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.260-263
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• 2009

Renal artery pseudoaneurysm after blunt renal trauma is an uncommon complication of delayed hemorrhage, and diagnostic difficulties are experienced due to its rarity. Delayed hemorrhage after renal trauma is a life-threatening complication. Angiography is considered the gold standard to diagnose a traumatic renal artery pseudoaneurysm. We report here a case of delayed bleeding from a renal artery pseudoaneurysm that was diagnosed at 17 days after the injury and that was managed successfully with selective renal artery embolization without medical complication.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 1991

Verapamil, $Ca^{2+}$-channel blocker, when given into vein or into carotid artery, produced the decrease of urine flow accompanied with the decreased amounts of Na$^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ excreted in urine ($E_{Na}, E_{K}$) and with the decreased clearances of free water (C$_{H_2O}$) and osmolar substance (C$_{osm}$), and then increased reabsorption of Na$^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ in renal tubules (R$_{Na}$, R$_{N}$), glomeruler filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were inhibited when verapamil was given into carotid artery, but were only tendency of reduction when given intravenously. Verapamil, when infused into a renal artery, exhibited diuresis accompanied with the increased GER, RPF, E$_{Na}$ and E$_{K}$, with the decreased filtration fraction (FF) in only infused kidney. At the same time, $C_{H_2O}$ was not changed, R$_{Na}$ and R$_{K}$ were reduced. Antidiuretic action by verapamil administered into vein or into carotid artery in normal kidney was reversed to diuretic action in denervated kidney. At this time, parameters of renal function exhibited the opposite phenomena compared to that elicited by verapamil in normal kidney, wherease renal denervation did not influence the action of verapamil infused into a renal artery. Above results suggest that verapamil produce both antidiuresis through nervous system centrally, not endogenous substances and diuresis by direct action in the kidney. Diurectic action are caused by hemodynamic improvement through dilatioon of vas efferense and by greatly inhibited reabsorption of electrolytes in distal tubules.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.821-828
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• 1996

To elucidate the neuromodulation of neuropeptide Y and $\alpha,\;\beta$-methylene ATP on the neurogenic contraction of electrical perivascular nerve stimulation and the contractile response of noradrenaline from polygraph in the isolated renal artery of rabbit. 1. The neurogenic contraction induced by perivascular nerve stimulation was the voltage-dependent manner(10-100V) in the isolated renal artery of rabbit. 2. Neuropeptide Y(0.1uM) and $\alpha,\;\beta$-methylene ATP(1uM) increased the contractile responses of noradrenaline in the isolated renal artery of rabbit. 3. Neuropeptide Y(0.1uM) and $\alpha,\;\beta$-methylene ATP(1uM) increased the neurogenic contraction of electrical perivascular nerve stimulation in the isolated renal artery of rabbit. These results suggest that neuropeptide Y and $\alpha,\;\beta$-methylene ATP neuromodulated on the neurogenic contraction of electrical perivascular nerve stimulation on the isolated renal artery of rabbit.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 2000

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a new liquid embolic material, Embol, in embolization of the renal artery. Materials and Methods: Embol is a new embolic material obtained by partial hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate mixed in absolute ethanol and Iopromide 370 and manufactured by Schering Korea, Kyonggido, Korea. Six patients who underwent embolization of the renal artery using Embol were evaluated. Four were male and two were female and their ages ranged from 11 to 70 (mean, 53) years. Clinical and radiologic diagnoses referred for renal artery embolization were renal cell carcinoma (n = 3), renal angiomyolipoma (n = 2) and pseudoaneurysm of the renal artery (n = 1). After selective renal angiography, Embol was injected through various catheters, either with or without a balloon occlusion catheter. Changes in symptoms and blood chemistry which may have been related to renal artery embolization with Embol were analyzed. Results: The six patients showed immediate total occlusion of their renal vascular lesions. One of the three in whom renal cell carcinoma was embolized with Embol underwent radical nephrectomy, and the specimen thus obtained revealed 40% tumor necrosis. In the two patients with angiomyolipomas, the tumors decreased in size and abdominal pain subsided. Bleeding from pseudoaneurysm of the renal artery was successfully controlled. Four patients showed symptoms of post-embolization syndrome, and one of these also showed increased levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. One patient experienced transient hypertension. Conclusion: Embol is easy to use, its radiopacity is adequate and it is a safe and effective embolic material which provides immediate and total occlusion of renal vascular lesions.