• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권6_2호
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• pp.1615-1633
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• 2023

괭생이모자반은 황해 및 동중국해에서 대규모 번식하는 부유조류 중 하나로 우리나라 연안에 유입되어 환경 파괴 및 양식업 피해 등 다양한 문제점을 야기한다. 효율적인 피해 예방 및 연안 환경 보존을 위하여 최근 인공위성 기반 원격탐사 기술을 활용한 괭생이모자반 탐지 알고리즘 개발이 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 하지만, 잘못된 탐지 정보는 해상 수거 선박의 이동 거리 증가, 지자체나 유관기관의 대응 혼선 등을 유발하므로 괭생이모자반 공간정보 생산 시 오탐지 최소화는 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 국립해양조사원 국가해양위성센터의 GOCI-II 기반 괭생이모자반 탐지 알고리즘을 활용하여 자동으로 오탐지 화소를 제거하는 기술을 적용하였다. 주요 오탐지 발생 원인 분석 결과를 바탕으로 선형·산발적 오탐지 및 봄, 여름철에 중국 연안에서 대량으로 발생하는 녹조류를 오탐지로 간주하여 제거하는 과정을 포함하였다. 2022년 2월 24일부터 6월 25일까지 괭생이모자반 발생일을 대상으로 오탐지 자동 제거 기법을 적용하고, 중해상도 위성 영상을 이용하여 육안 판독 결과를 생성하고 정성적, 정량적 평가를 수행하였다. 선형 오탐지는 완전히 제거하였으며, 산발적 및 녹조 오탐지는 분포 파악에 영향을 주는 대부분의 오탐지 결과를 제거하였다. 자동 오탐지 제거 과정 이후에도 육안 판독 결과 대비 괭생이모자반의 분포 면적 확인이 가능하였으며, 이진분류모델을 이용하여 정확도와 정밀도는 각각 평균 97.73%, 95.4%로 산출하였다. 재현율은 매우 낮은 29.03%였는데, 이는 GOCI-II와 중해상도 위성영상의 관측 시간 불일치에 의한 괭생이모자반 이동 영향, 공간해상도 차이, 정사보정에 따른 위치 편차, 그리고 구름 마스킹 영향에 의한 것으로 추정하였다. 본 연구의 괭생이모자반 오탐지 제거 결과는 공간적인 분포 현황을 준실시간으로 파악할 수 있으나 생체량을 정확하게 추정하는 것은 한계가 존재하였다. 따라서, 지속적인 괭생이모자반 모니터링 시스템 고도화 연구를 통해 향후 괭생이모자반 대응계획수립을 위한 자료로 활용하고자 한다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.1692-1699
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• 2004

Many researchers have developed various techniques for detection of human faces in ordinary still images. Face detection is the first imperative step of human face recognition systems. The two main problems of human face detection are how to cutoff the running time and how to reduce the number of false positives. In this paper, we present frontal and near-frontal face detection algorithm in still gray images using a thick edge image and neural network. We have devised a new filter that gets the thick edge image. Our overall scheme for face detection consists of two main phases. In the first phase we describe how to create the thick edge image using the filter and search for face candidates using a whole face detector. It is very helpful in removing plenty of windows with non-faces. The second phase verifies for detecting human faces using component-based eye detectors and the whole face detector. The experimental results show that our algorithm can reduce the running time and the number of false positives.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.535-544
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• 2020

In synthetic aperture radar (SAR) based ship detection application, false alarms frequently occur due to various noises caused by the radar imaging process. Among them, radio frequency interference (RFI) and azimuth smearing produce substantial false alarms; the latter also yields longer length estimation of ships than the true length. These two noises are prominent at cross-polarization and relatively weak at co-polarization. However, in general, the cross-polarization data are suitable for ship detection, because the radar backscatter from background sea surface is much less in comparison with the co-polarization backscatter, i.e., higher ship-sea image contrast. In order to improve the ship detection accuracy further, the RFI and azimuth smearing need to be mitigated. In the present letter, Sentinel-1 VV- and VH-polarization intensity data are used to show a novel technique of removing these noises. In this method, median image intensities of noises and background sea surface are calculated to yield arithmetic tendency. A band-math formula is then designed to replace the intensities of noise pixels in VH-polarization with adjusted VV-polarization intensity pixels that are less affected by the noises. To verify the proposed method, the adaptive threshold method (ATM) with a sliding window was used for ship detection, and the results showed that the 74.39% of RFI false alarms are removed and 92.27% false alarms of azimuth smearing are removed.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.378-383
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• 2020

Viola & Jones의 객체 검출 알고리즘은 얼굴 요소 검출을 위한 매우 우수한 알고리즘이지만 변수 설정에 따른 중복 검출, 오 검출, 미 검출 같은 문제들이 여전히 존재한다. 본 논문은 Viola & Jones의 객체 검출 알고리즘에 미 검출을 줄이기 위한 가변 변수와 중복 검출과 오 검출을 줄이기 위한 검증을 적용한 개선된 얼굴 요소 검출 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 잠재적 유효 얼굴 요소들을 검출할 때까지 Viola & Jones의 객체 검출의 변수 값을 변화시켜 미 검출을 줄이고, 검출된 얼굴 요소의 크기, 위치, 유일성을 평가하는 검증을 이용해 중복 검출과 오 검출들을 제거시켜 준다. 시뮬레이션 결과들은 제안된 알고리즘이 검출된 객체들에 유효 얼굴 요소들을 포함시키고 나서 무효 얼굴 요소들을 제거하여 유효 얼굴 요소들만을 검출하는 것을 보여준다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2017

본 논문은 딥러닝 알고리즘을 기반으로 하여 시각장애인을 위한 표지판을 검출하고 인식하는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 크게 표지판 검출 단계와 표지판 인식 단계로 나눠지는데 표지판 검출 단계에서는 영상에서 응집 채널 특징을 추출한 뒤 아다부스트 분류기를 적용하여 표지판 관심영역을 검출하였고, 표지판 인식 단계에서는 검출한 표지판 관심영역들에 합성곱 신경망을 적용하여 어떤 표지판인지 인식하였다. 본 논문에서는 미검출된 표지판의 개수가 최대한 감소하도록 아다부스트 분류기를 설계하였고, 딥러닝 알고리즘을 사용하여 인식 정확도를 높임으로써 검출 단계에서 발생한 양성 오류들을 제거시켰다. 실험 결과, 제안된 방법의 양성 오류 개수가 다른 방법들의 양성 오류 개수보다 효과적으로 감소했음을 확인하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2010

The segmentation of moving object in video sequence is a core technique of intelligent image processing system such as video surveillance, traffic monitoring and human tracking. A typical method to segment a moving region from the background is the background subtraction. The steps of background subtraction involve calculating a reference image, subtracting new frame from reference image and then thresholding the subtracted result. One of famous background modeling is Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Even though the method is known efficient and exact, GMM suffers from a problem that includes false pixels in ROI (region of interest), specifically shadow pixels. These false pixels cause fail of the post-processing tasks such as tracking and object recognition. This paper presents a method for removing false pixels included in ROT. First, we subdivide a ROI by using shape characteristics of detected objects. Then, a method is proposed to classify pixels from using histogram characteristic and comparing difference of energy that converts the color value of pixel into grayscale value, in order to estimate whether the pixels belong to moving object area or shadow area. The method is applied to real video sequence and the performance is verified.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2023

Ship detection is widely used in areas such as maritime security, maritime traffic, fisheries management, illegal fishing, and border control, and ship detection is important for rapid response and damage minimization as ship accident rates increase due to recent increases in international maritime traffic. Currently, according to a number of global and national regulations, ships must be equipped with automatic identification system (AIS), which provide information such as the location and speed of the ship periodically at regular intervals. However, most small vessels (less than 300 tons) are not obligated to install the transponder and may not be transmitted intentionally or accidentally. There is even a case of misuse of the ship'slocation information. Therefore, in this study, ship detection was performed using high-resolution optical satellite images that can periodically remotely detect a wide range and detectsmallships. However, optical images can cause false-alarm due to noise on the surface of the sea, such as waves, or factors indicating ship-like brightness, such as clouds and wakes. So, it is important to remove these factors to improve the accuracy of ship detection. In this study, false alarm wasreduced, and the accuracy ofship detection wasimproved by removing wake.As a ship detection method, ship detection was performed using machine learning-based random forest (RF), and convolutional neural network (CNN) techniquesthat have been widely used in object detection fieldsrecently, and ship detection results by the model were compared and analyzed. In addition, in this study, the results of RF and CNN were combined to improve the phenomenon of ship disconnection and the phenomenon of small detection. The ship detection results of thisstudy are significant in that they improved the limitations of each model while maintaining accuracy. In addition, if satellite images with improved spatial resolution are utilized in the future, it is expected that ship and wake simultaneous detection with higher accuracy will be performed.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2012년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.298-301
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• 2012

This paper presents a graph-based method of detecting and tracking moving objects in H.264/SVC bitstreams for video surveillance applications that makes use the information from spatial base and enhancement layers of the bitstreams. In the base layer, segmentation of real moving objects are first performed using a spatio-temporal graph by removing false detected objects via graph pruning and graph projection, followed by graph matching to precisely identify the real moving objects over time even under occlusion. For the accurate detection and reliable tracking of moving objects in the enhancement layer, as well as saving computational complexity, the identified block groups of the real moving objects in the base layer are then mapped to the enhancement layer to provide accurate and efficient object detection and tracking in the bitstreams of higher resolution. Experimental results show the proposed method can produce reliable results with low computational complexity in both spatial layers of H.264/SVC test bitstreams.

• 대기
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2012

The technique of Brightness Temperature Difference (BTD) between 11 and $12{\mu}m$ separates yellow sand dust from clouds according to the difference in absorptive characteristics between the channels. However, this method causes consistent false alarms in many cases, especially over the desert. In order to reduce these false alarms, we should eliminate the background noise originated from surface. We adopted the Background BTD (BBTD), which stands for surface characteristics on clear sky condition without any dust or cloud. We took an average of brightness temperatures of 11 and $12{\mu}m$ channels during the previous 15 days from a target date and then calculated BTD of averaged ones to obtain decontaminated pixels from dust. After defining the BBTD, we subtracted this index from BTD for the Yellow Sand Index (YSI). In the previous study, this method was already verified using the geostationary satellite, MTSAT. In this study, we applied this to the polar orbiting satellite, MODIS, to detect yellow sand dust over Northeast Asia. Products of yellow sand dust from OMI and MTSAT were used to verify MODIS YSI. The coefficient of determination between MODIS YSI and MTSAT YSI was 0.61, and MODIS YSI and OMI AI was also 0.61. As a result of comparing two products, significantly enhanced signals of dust aerosols were detected by removing the false alarms over the desert. Furthermore, the discontinuity between land and ocean on BTD was removed. This was even effective on the case of fall. This study illustrates that the proposed algorithm can provide the reliable distribution of dust aerosols over the desert even at night.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose self-organizing schemes for the initial configuration of the neighbor cell list (NCL), maintenance of the NCL, and physical cell identifier (PCI) allocation in heterogeneous networks such as long term evolution systems where lower transmission power nodes are additionally deployed in macrocell networks. Accurate NCL maintenance is required for efficient PCI allocation and for avoiding handover delay and redundantly increased system overhead. Proposed self-organizing schemes for the initial NCL configuration and PCI allocation are based on evolved universal terrestrial radio access network NodeB (eNB) scanning that measures reference signal to interference and noise ratio and reference symbol received power, respectively, transmitted from adjacent eNBs. On the other hand, the maintenance of the NCL is managed by adding or removing cells based on periodic user equipment measurements. We provide performance analysis of the proposed schemes under various scenarios in the respects of NCL detection probability, NCL false alarm rate, handover delay area ratio, PCI conflict ratio, etc.