• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.893-906
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• 2017

Automatic large scale soil model generation is very critical stage for earthquake hazard simulation of urban areas. Manual model development may cause some data losses and may not be effective when there are too many data from different soil observations in a wide area. Geographic information systems (GIS) for storing and analyzing spatial data help scientists to generate better models automatically. Although the original soil observations were limited to soil profile data, the recent developments in mapping technology, interpolation methods, and remote sensing have provided advanced soil model developments. Together with advanced computational technology, it is possible to handle much larger volumes of data. The scientists may solve difficult problems of describing the spatial variation of soil. In this study, an algorithm is proposed for automatic three dimensional soil and velocity model development of southern part of the European side of Istanbul next to Sea of Marmara based on GIS data. In the proposed algorithm, firstly bedrock surface is generated from integration of geological and geophysical measurements. Then, layer surface contacts are integrated with data gathered in vertical borings, and interpolations are interpreted on sections between the borings automatically. Three dimensional underground geology model is prepared using boring data, geologic cross sections and formation base contours drawn in the light of these data. During the preparation of the model, classification studies are made based on formation models. Then, 3D velocity models are developed by using geophysical measurements such as refraction-microtremor, array microtremor and PS logging. The soil and velocity models are integrated and final soil model is obtained. All stages of this algorithm are carried out automatically in the selected urban area. The system directly reads the GIS soil data in the selected part of urban area and 3D soil model is automatically developed for large scale earthquake hazard simulation studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop a mobile tower-yarder with tractor for agriculture and forestry that is the efficient yarder in steep terrains, thinning operation and small scale logging operation. It was designed and manufactured that the power source of tower-yarder is equiped three hydraulic pump connected to PTO of tractor, and three hydraulic pump is used to operate the four motor for drum, the cylinder for clutch of interlocker, the cylinder for tower expanding and the out-rigger cylinder. It was to adopt the running skyline system and the inter-lock function, and to equip the double capstan drum, the storage drum and the clutch for interlock in the development of tower-yarder. It was to develop the tower-yarder which the winch torque of double-capstan drum, the traction force of double-capstan drum, the number of rotation of double-capstan drum and the line speed is $191kg{\cdot}m$, 1,910 kgf, 220.5 rpm and 138.5 m/min, respectively. And it was known that the optimum flange diameter of the main and haulback storage drum is about 360 mm and about 460 mm in order to storage the main line length of 250m and the haulback line length of 450 m. The carriage was made to adopt the running skyline system and to equip the lock function in order to the convenience of chocking and the fall down preventing of tree. It was provided to develop the wire remote controller for the inter-lock function, the convenience of control and the efficiency of yarding. In development process, this tower-yarder was attached the 3-point linkage hitch equipment and the tire wheel for the traction and moving of tower-yarder. Also, it was equipped that the out-rigger and the guy line in order to raise the safety and efficiency of yarding of tower-yarder.