• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2024

Heavy metals emitted from urban development do not decompose in the soil and remain for long periods, continually impacting the environment. Since the mid-1990s, there has been increasing societal concern in South Korea regarding soil contamination, prompting various legislative revisions to reduce pollution. This study utilizes the Environmental Impact Assessment Support System (EIASS) to investigate projects in the metropolitan area that have exceeded the Ministry of Environment's soil contamination concern levels from 1989 to 2022 and to examine improvements in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. The results reveal that the average concentrations of nine contaminants-cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and fluoride (F)-have all increased over the years. Among these, Zn had the highest relative proportion, with 37.5% of the 40 sites exceeding environmental concern levels. Investigation of 19 specific projects at these exceedance sites showed that only 7 had documented analyses of contamination causes and remediation plans, and just one had contracted additional remediation services, though results from these efforts were found to be lacking. Furthermore, since 2019, a significant proportion of these sites were involved in residential developments, likely due to government initiatives in new city development and extensive housing supply plans. This research emphasizes the importance of public disclosure of the processes and outcomes of remediation efforts on historically contaminated soils prior to project development. It discusses improvements to the EIA by reviewing current legislation and international examples. The findings of this study are expected to heighten public awareness about heavy metal contamination and enhance transparency in soil remediation efforts, contributing to sustainable environmental management and development.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2019

The 7,993 cases of Survey Report of Fatal Industrial Accidents conducted jointly by the MEOL and the KOSHA for the recent seven years(2007-2013) were categorized according to personal and occupational characteristics, industry types, business sizes, job types, activities at the time accident, types of accidents, material agents(assailing materials), unsafe conditions, and unsafe acts. And it is found that among the 72.2 percent of fatal occupational accidents in the construction and manufacturing industries are caused by falling, sticking, bumping and being caught under objects & overturning. For this study, through the empirical analysis on causes of fatal industrial accidents, was used to identity high risk groups based on total data of 7,993 victims of occupational accidents. An annual fatal occupational injury (FOI) rate per 10,000 workers was about 0.47‱. The middle-aged group and the elderly group showed the highest FOI rates per 10,000 workers (0.73‱, 0.80‱), and the daily workers showed the highest FOI rate (1.46‱), and the craft and related trades workers showed the highest FOI rate (2.17‱). In case of industry type the mining industry (7.26‱) showed the highest FOI rate, followed by the sewerage, waste management, materials recovery and remediation activity industry (3.91‱) and the construction industry (2.71‱). The primary high risk target group that requires a strategy designed to reduce fatal occupation injuries caused by falling and bumping & contact(collision) is the construction industry, and the secondary high risk target group in the construction industry is classified as the equipment, machine operating and assembling workers in the construction industry, those aged 50 years old and above need the prevention measures against bumping & contact(collision) and being caught under an object & falling(objects), while those aged less than 50 years old need prevention measures against falling(persons).

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 2월 학술대회지
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• pp.9-22
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• 1996

Among the various dysarthric subtypes, diagnosis of ataxic dysarthria is rendered when the speech characteristics include imprecise and irregular articulatory breakdowns, marked degree of speech rate impairment, overall monopitch and monoloudness, and respiratory-articulatory incoordination. Traditionally, speech pathologists have relied only upon their ‘ears’ to describe and evaluate the dysarthric speech. A statement of percentage of correct words identified by a listener do not provide so much more than an index of severity. Within the same perceptual dimension, a carefully constructed speech intelligibility test can specify patterns of errors. The patterns can contain a diagnostic value as well as Provide strategies for remediation. The phonetically transcribed texts on single words and a standard passage, 'kail' produced by an ataxic dysarthria are presented in this report, with an emphasis of the articulatory error analysis. Furthermore,, acoustic tools [e.g., spectrography to measure formant transitions, segment durations, consonant spectra, etc.] are utilized to serve as basic measures that objectively document patients' speech intelligibility, Finally, the treatment methods [e.g., spectrography as a visual feedback, gestural reorganization using pacing method, DAF (Delayed Auditory Feedback)] to modify the dysarthric behaviors are presented.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2022

Major accidents at nuclear power plants generate huge amounts of radioactive waste in a short period of time over a wide area outside the plant boundary. Therefore, extraordinary efforts are required for safe management of the waste. A well-established remediation plan including radioactive waste management that is prepared in advance will minimize the impact on the public and environment. In Korea, however, only limited plans exist to systematically manage this type of off-site radioactive waste generating event. In this study, we developed basic strategies for off-site radioactive waste management based on recommendations from the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) and NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements), experiences from the Fukushima Daiichi accident in Japan, and a review of the national radioactive waste management system in Korea. These strategies included the assignment of roles and responsibilities, development of management methodologies, securement of storage capacities, preparation for the use of existing infrastructure, assurance of information transparency, and establishment of cooperative measures with international organizations.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 토양오염지역의 위해성 평가에 관한 미국, 영국, 네덜란드, 독일, 덴마크의 정책을 비교 분석하였다. 이들 국기는 미국과 18개 유럽 국가들에 관한 유럽연합의 초기 분석 자료를 이용하여 선택하였다. 이로부터 도출한 시사점은 토양오염지역의 조사 및 관리를 위해 각 국가들은 위해성 평가를 이용하고 있으며, 토양질 기준을 정책수 단으로 위해성 평가와 병행하고 있는 것이다. 이러한 외국의 정책과 시사점을 고려할 때, 위해성 평가를 정책 수단으로 이용하고 있지 않은 우리나라에 대해 다음과 같은 정책 추진을 제언할 수 있다. 첫째, 국가적인 차원에서 이용 할 수 있는 합리적인 위해성 평가 방법의 마련이다. 둘째, 부지의 위해성 평가를 토양질의 기준과 연계시키는 것이다. 우리나라의 실정에 적합한 부지의 위해성 평가방법을 마련하기 위해서는 추가적인 자료의 분석을 통한 심층적인 연구가 필요하고, 사회 다양한 계층간의 논의 및 합의가 필요할 것이다. 토양오염으로 간주되는 토양질 기준을 초과하는 부지의 경우에 위해성 평가의 시행을 고려할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 위해성 평가는 오염물질의 자연함량이 일반적으로 다른 특정 지역, 예를 들면 광산지역 등에 대해 적용하는 것을 고려할 수 있을 것이다. 금번 연구의 결과는 토양 오염지역의 위해성 평가에 관해 우리가 시행해야 할 추가적인 연구 및 정책시뮬레이션의 실행 동기를 함께 제공하고 있는 것으로 우리나라의 토양오염지역을 조사, 복원, 해제에 따른 법, 제도 발전의 한 부문으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 1999

경북 봉화군에 소재한 폐광산인 금정광산의 광미장 및 인근 농경지를 대상으로 금속성분 분포특성을 파악하고 그 처리방안을 모색해 보았다. 토양오염 공정시험법에 의한 분석자료에 의하면 광미장 주변의 논 및 밭에서 As가 농경지 토양오염대책 기준인 15 mg/kg을 초과하여 광미의 유입에 의해 토양이 오염되는 것으로 나타났다. 광미중에는 As가 매우 높게 함유된 것으로 나타났고 특히 산화가 진행된 광미장 지표면 부근의 광미에는 이러한 성분이 용탈되어 산성침출수가 농수로 방류되고 있다. 따라서 토양오염 및 농수로의 오염의 확산 방지를 위해서는 광산주변에 산재하고 있는 광미 및 광미장에 대한 환경 오염방지 대책이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 저자가 제안한 유효응력모델을 이용하여 지진시 사면의 동적거동에 관한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 항복함수는 동일한 응력비를 가진 무한개의 방사선을 의미하며, 비관련 유동규칙을 가진 탄소성모델인 UBCSAND를 이용하였다. 이 모델은 FLAC내에 내장된 Mohr-Coulomb모델을 변형한 형태이다. UBCSAND모델을 이용하여 RPI에서 수행한 원심모형실험결과를 예측하였다. 먼저, UBCSAND모델을 Nevada모래를 사용한 반복 직접단순전단시험결과를 이용하여 검증하였으며, 액상화전후의 거동을 예측하였다. 이와 같이 검증된 모델을 원심모형실험에서 계측된 가속도, 과잉간극 수압, 변위와 서로 비교하였다. 일반적으로 계측치와 예측치가 일치하였다. 유효응력모델을 이용한 동적 수치해석기법은 서부 캐나다에서 댐, 교량, 터널, 파이프라인과 관련된 액상화 프로젝트에 실제 사용되고 있다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제25권2_spc호
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• pp.86-100
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• 2020

Analyzing and monitoring environmental contaminants based on geophysical exploration techniques have become important and it is now widely applied to delineate spatial distribution geophysical characteristics in wide area. Among the techniques, induced polarization (IP) method, which measures polarization effects on electrical potential distribution, has drawn much attention as an effective tool for environmental monitoring since IP is sensitive to changes in biochemical reactions. However, various reactions stemming from the presence of multiple contaminants have greatly enhanced heterogeneity of polluted sites to result in highly variable electrical characteristics of the site. Those contaminants influence chemical and physical state of soil and groundwater to alter electrical double layer, which in turn influences polarization of the media. Since biochemical reactions between microbes and contaminants result in various IP effects, IP laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate IP responses of the contaminated soil samples under various conditions. Field IP surveys can delineate the spatial distribution of contamination, while providing additional information about electrical properties of a target medium, together with DC resistivity. Reviewing IP effects of contaminants as well as IP surveys can serve as a good starting point for the application of IP survey in site assessment for environmental remediation.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

도시지역의 방사능 오염으로 거주민의 피폭영향을 평가할 수 있는 모델 METRO-K를 개발하였다. 모델의 특성으로 1) 실험 또는 경험자료를 사용하기 때문에 수학식이 간단하여 이해가 쉬울 뿐 아니라 계산에 필요한 변수의 수가 적으며 2) 도시환경을 구성하는 5가지 기본표면 만을 사용하여 복잡하고 다양한 주변 환경을 쉽게 구성할 수 있으며 3) 각기 다른 오염 표면으로 인한 선량을 평가함으로써 표면마다 적합한 제염대책을 수립하는데 용이하다. 피폭자의 특정 위치에서 각기 다른 오염표면으로부터 받게 되는 선량은 감마에너지와 오염 표면별 공기커마 값을 데이터 라이브러리로 만들어 평가에 이용하였다. 유럽 도시지 역의 4가지 대표적 거주형태 에 대한 공기커마 값을 사용하여 우리나라 도시지역의 7가지 대표적 주거형태에 적합하도록 공기커마 값을 조합하여 적용하였다. 장기간 방사성물질의 누설을 고려하여 하루 단위의 핵종별 공기중 농도, 강우량, 핵종의 화학적 형태 구성분율이 입력되면 침적 후 시간에 따른 각기 다른 표면에서의 공기중 흡수선량률과 피폭자의 거주 위치에 따른 인체 선량률이 평가된다. 아파트 밀집지역에 대한 가상 오염 시나리오의 적용결과 피폭자의 거주위치 뿐 아니라 피폭자가 거주하는 주변 환경에 따라 인체 선량률은 확연한 차이를 나타냈다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2012

This paper presents the short-term and long-term measures to determine the fugitive dust concentration in a contaminated site, which is a crucial step for the determination of particulate emission factor (PEF) for risk assessment. As a long-term measure, USEPA method employing Q/C value (inverse of the ratio of the geometric mean air concentration to the emission flux at center of a 0.5-acre square source) seems to be suitable as it reflects regional-specific meteorological conditions. However, it requires nation-wide database collection and interpretation. Use of ASTM method is an alternative as a short-term measure. The method is readily field-applicable as PEF calculation equation is simple and input parameters can be easily derived at the site of interest as well without the nation-wide efforts. Using ASTM method, PEF at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was determined. According to various mode of aggregate size distribution and fractions of vegetative cover, which are the most important factors in PEF calculation, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site varied greatly. When the mode of aggregate size distribution was set at 0.25 mm, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was 5~20 times higher than the default PEF value (i.e., 35 ${\mu}g/m^3$) shown in the current Korean Soil Contamination Risk Assessment Guidance. On contrast, when the mode was set at 2 mm, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was 160~640 times lower than the default PEF value in the Korean Guidance.