• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.3-21
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• 1997

기존에 개발된 토양 및 지하수 복원기술에는 막대한 비용과 시간이 필요하며, 실시후의 효과에 대한 예측이 어렵다. 자연내재복원기술(intrinsic remediation)은 해당 지역환경에서 자연발생되는 물리ㆍ화학ㆍ생물학적 과정을 통하여 오염물질을 감소시키는 원리를 이용하며, 인간이나 지역생태계에 허용할 수 있는 수준으로 환경을 복원함을 목표로 한다. 따라서 오염토양 및 지하수복원에 적용가능한 여러 기술과 비교하여 자연내재복원기술은 지역평가를 위한 초기비용은 높으나 전체적으로는 가장 경제적인 방법이다. 따라서 유해효과가 심각하여 긴급한 처리가 필요한 지역을 제외하고는 현재의 오염수준, 오염분포상태, 토지와 지하수 이용현황과 장래 계획에 따라 자연내재복원기술을 도입할 필요성이 있다. 본 연구는 자연내재복원기술의 적용가능성을 판단하기 위하여 생물학적 분해도(biodegradability)에 기초한 오염지역 사전평가과정을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 오염지역 사전평가과정은 기존 연구에 비하여 대상오염물질종류가 많고 다양한 지역범위를 포함함으로써 자연내재복원기술을 실용화시킬 수가 있다. 오염지역 사전평가과정은 1)예비지역조사 2)생물학적 분해도 관련자료 수집 및 평가 3)오염지역내 분해경로 선정 4)오염물질 운반과 거동 분석 5)모니터링계획 수립의 5단계로 진행된다. 1단계에서는 개략적 생물학적 분해도(rules of thumb concerning the biodegradability of organic com-pounds)에 기초한 상세조사의 계속진행여부와 오염지역자료를 이용하여 적절한 프로토콜을 결정한다. 2단계에서는 생물학적 분해도에 대한 광범위한 자료수집과 평가를 하며 3단계에서는 본 연구에서 제시한 경로중에서 오염지역에 맞는 경로를 선정한다. 4단계에서는 모델링을 위한 모델종류를 선정하여 예측하며 5단계는 자연내재복윈기술의 적용여부를 판단하여 모니터링계획을 수립하는 단계이다. 본 연구의 오염지역 사전평가과정은 사용자에게 자연내재복원기술을 이용하기 위한 합리적이고 체계적인 판단과정을 제공하여 줄 것이다. 또한 사전평가 결과 오염지역이 자연내재복원기술적용이 불가능하다고 평가되어도 이미 수집된 자료와 정보는 다른 복원기술을 선정하기 위한 기초자료로서 사용가능하다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2002

As concerns on the effects of soil contamination on human health have grown, more efforts have been made to quantify the effects. One of such efforts is the development of risk assessment methodology. The fundamental objectives of this approach is to investigate the alternative options that reduce the risk of hazardous chemicals results from environmental pollution, which will eventually lead to an accomplishment of removement of identified toxicants in polluted environment. The U.S. EPA Risk Assessment guidance for the superfund (RAGS) provides a methods for assessing the health risk of contaminated soils and determining the preliminary remediation goals (PRGs). Using this approach, we assessed the health risk and preliminary remediation goals of petroleum contaminated site in Kyounggi province.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Bridges are critical and valuable components in any road and rail transportation network. Therefore bridge remediation has always been a top priority for asset managers and engineers, but identifying the nature of true defect deterioration and associated remediation treatments remains a complex task. Nowadays Decision Support Systems (DSS) are widely used to assist decision makers across an extensive spectrum of unstructured decision environments. The main objective of this research is to develop a requirements-driven methodology for bridge monitoring and maintenance which has the ability to assess the bridge condition and find the best remediation treatments using Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART); with the aim of maintaining a bridge within acceptable limits of safety, serviceability and sustainability.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.52-57
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• 2011

Bridges are essential and valuable elements in road and rail transportation networks. Bridge remediation is a top priority for asset managers, but identifying the nature of true defect deterioration and associated remediation treatments remains a complex task. Nowadays Decision Support Systems (DSS) are used extensively to assist in decision-making across a wide spectrum of unstructured decision environments. In this paper a requirements-driven framework is used to develop a risk based decision support model which has the ability to quantify the bridge condition and find the best remediation treatments using Multi Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT), with the aim of maintaining a bridge within acceptable limits of safety, serviceability and sustainability.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.25-39
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• 2003

Risk and exposure assessment for subsurface environment is very important for both aspects of health and environmental protection as well as making decision of remedial goal for engineering activities. Exposure due to hazardous chemicals in the subsurface environment is essential to assess risk lev121 to individual person, especially from soil and groundwater environmental media. In this paper, the status of soil and groundwater contamination is presented to discuss on the problem for environmental risk assessment. The methodologies of fate and exposure models are also discussed by conducting the case studies of exposure assessment for heavy metals, organic compounds, and dioxin compounds. In addition, the structure of exposure models and available data for model calculation are examined to make clear more realistic exposure scenarios and the application to the practical environmental issues. Three kinds of advanced remediation techniques for soil and groundwater contamination are described in this paper, The most practical method for VOCs is the bio-remediation technique in which biological process due to consortium of microorganisms can be applied. For more effective remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals we have adopted the soil flushing technique and clean-up system using electro-kinetic method. We have also developed the advanced techniques of geo-melting method for soil contaminated by DXNs and PCB compounds. These techniques are planed to introduce and to apply for a lot of contaminated sites in Japan.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2002

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2011

국내 TCE에 의해 오염된 산업 공단내의 지하수 정화 방법으로 양수 및 처리(pump and treatment) 공법이 제안되었다. TCE 농도 0.6 mg/L 오염 지하수를 30년 동안 이 공법에 의해 처리하여 0.005 mg/L 이하 농도로 방류할 경우 그 과정에서 발생하는 환경 비용과 환경 편익을 전과정평가에 의해 산출하였으며 그에 따른 환경 영향 및 환경 효과를 분석하였다. 방류 지하수의 총량은 $2.96{\times}10^7m^3$이며 제거된 TCE의 총량은 최대 17.6 kg이었다. 환경 비용은 에너지의 소비, 자원의 소비, 대기, 수질 및 고형 폐기물 형태의 오염 물질의 배출량 등으로 산출되었으며 환경 편익은 정화된 지하수의 사용으로 얻어졌다. 환경 비용에 따른 환경 영향은 30년 동안 구동하는 pump에 의한 전력 사용, 발전을 위해 소모되는 석유, 석탄 등의 원자재의 소모, 방출되는 지구 온난화 및 산성 가스, 부영양화, 폐기물의 발생을 포함하며 토양/지하수 정화 공정 전과정평가 모델의 사용으로 정량화하고 전세계 일인당 소모 또는 배출하는 표준량으로 나누어 표준화하여 비교한 결과 산성비 원인 오염물 배출이 가장 심각하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1995

To assess preliminarily the contamination potential of water resources including groundwater owing to the hydrogeological characteristics of landfill site and the potential impact to humans and animals through contamination of water resources by leachate, "Landfill Site Preliminary Assessment Model(LASPAS)" was contrived. LASPAS could help them proritization of remediation of landfil sites by the convenient and relatively simple evaluation method of landfill site features. LASPAS was designd to aliot numerical ratings to landfill site related factors undermentioned; 1) hydrogeological factors such as hydraulic conductivity of aquifer, thickness of confining layer over aquifer, topographical slope, net recharge, and subsurface containment 2) water resources contamination factors of impacts on receptors such as proximity to drinking water supply, substitutability of drinking water supply, type of use of water resources, known impact on drinking water supply, and flood potential.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.307-311
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the dynamics of soil respiration (total soil and heterotrophic respiration) following fertilizer application in red pine forests. Fertilizer (N:P:K = 113:150:37 kg/ha), which reflects current practices in Korean forest, was applied in April 2011, and total soil and heterotrophic respiration rates were monitored from April 2011 to March 2012. Monthly variation of total soil and heterotrophic respiration rates were similar between the fertilizer and control treatments, as soil temperature was the dominant factor controlling the both rates. Total soil respiration rates during the study period were not significantly different between the fertilizer (0.504 g $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$) and control (0.501 g $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$) treatments. However, the proportion of heterotrophic respiration was higher in the fertilizer (78% of total soil respiration rates) than in the control (62% of total soil respiration rates) treatments. These results suggest that current fertilizer practices in Korea forest soil do not substantially affect total soil respiration rates.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 International Symposium
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• pp.70-86
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• 2003

Despite its usability, TCE has been managed as a hazardous material due to the toxicity and many contamination cases were surveyed in some developed countries. U.S.EPA(Kram et al., 2001) suggested DNAPL characterization methods and approaches based on survey experiences at several sites. However, Korea has not the least assessment of contamination and trial of remediation, although there are a lot of doubtable areas where ground water would be contaminated with TCE. In this study, we try to assess the volume and extent of ground water contamination with TCE and delineate the contamination source zones in an industrial area. Ground water in this area flows through fractures and the contaminant TCE has the properties of high volatility, high density and low partitioning to soil material. Thus, we applied a variety of technical approaches to identify the contamination status; documentary, hydrogeochemical, hydrogeological and geological surveys. In addition, additional survey was performed based on the interim findings, which showed that ground water contamination was limited to the relatively small area with high concentrations to the deep place. The contamination source zone is estimated to be the asphalt test institute where a great deal of TCE has been used to analyze the amount of asphalt soluble in TCE since 1984. Based on the contamination characterization and a myriad of documents about ground water remediation, appropriate site remediation management options will be recommended later. This study is now under way and this paper was focused on describing the technical approaches used to achieve the goals of this study.