• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2013

One of hypothesis is that sleep loss related to a decrease in serotonergic activity plays a significant role in attempted suicide. A growing evidence suggests that central serotonergic activity plays a key role in the etiology of suicide. It has been reported that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the main metabolite of serotonin, were reduced in suicide attempters. In addition, there is evidence that tryptophan hydroxylase is associated with suicide. The association between sleep and suicide was also suggested by some researchers. Several recent studies have showed the association between sleep disturbance and suicide rates in patients with mental disorders and in a general population. In addition, it has been suggested that serotonin plays a role in maintaining arousal and regulating muscle tone and in regulating some of the phasic events of REM sleep. Especially, it is well-known that 5-HT2 receptors are related to slow wave sleep. In conclusion, it is clear that sleep, serotonin activity, and suicide are linked, although the direction of causation needs clarification. In future, large population-based cohort studies are needed to demonstrate the direction of causation in the relationships between sleep, serotonin activity, and suicide.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 2012

The goal of this research is to study the spatial and temporal disjunctive composition of the movie 'Kill Bill part 1/2' and to lay a foundation for the future exploration of the topological relationship between contemporary architecture and cinema based upon the spatial and temporal multiplicity. Since the birth of cinema in early 20 century, architecture and cinema have a dynamic interdisciplinary relationship as Soviet director and theorist Sergei Eisenstein has called the Acropolis of Athens as 'one of the most ancient films' based upon its cinematic spatial sequence, and contemporary architect and theorist Bernard Tschumi has adopted cinematic montage technique to create his own disjunctive event-structure. As french philosopher Gilles Deleuze has traced the cinematic version of his 'disjunctive synthesis' from Eisentein's 'dialectic montage', Deleuzian 'disjunctive synthesis' can be discovered not only from the work and theory of Bernard Tschumi and Rem Koolhaas, but also from the 'Kill Bill's disjunctive composition where the heterogeneous spatial images and temporal images are under continuous interaction to create rhizomatic relationship between the cinema and viewers.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.51-61
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effects of 4 herbal formulas for Sasang constitutional medicine (Yeoldahanso-tang: YDHST, Yanggyeoksanhwa-tang: YGSHT, Cheongsimyeonja-tang: CSYJT and Taeeumjowi-tang: TEJWT). Methods : The antioxidant activities of herbal formulas were studied by measuring free radical scavenging activities on ABTS and DPPH. The inhibitory effects on LDL oxidation was evaluated by the formation of TBARS, REM and fragmentation of apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB). Effects of herbal formulas on macrophage lipid accumulation were determined in native LDL and LPS co-incubated macrophages using Oil Red O staining. Results : The scavenging activities on ABTS and DPPH of herbal formulas were increased in dose-dependent manner (YDHST>YGSHT>CSYJT>TEJWT). Herbal formulas reduced the oxidation properties of LDL induced by $CuSO_4$. YDHST, YGSHT and CSYJT showed strong suppressive effect on LDL oxidation than TEJWT. In addition, YDHST, YGSHT and CSYJT significantly inhibited foam cell formation in LDL/LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that YDHST, YGSHT and CSYJT have potentials on anti-atherosclerosis by antioxidative effect and suppressive effect on LDL oxidation.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.2 s.19
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• pp.87-108
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• 1999

Since 1960, the change of architectural trend was dominated by two factors ; the one, the introduction of theory of language (including semantic, syntactic, pragmatic, linguistic, semiotic, structuralism, post-structurism) in design concept, the other, the adaption of high technology in building construction. In particular, the theory of language played an important role in the emergence of new tendency, which could be the alternative of modern architecture. Post-modernism and Typology in the 1960-70s, Deconstructivism in the 1980s and 'Folding' architecture in the 1990s, have continually borrowed a theoretical base from the thee of language. Placing the focus on the relation of contemporary architecture and theory of language with the interdisciplinary view, this study comes to the conclusion that the diverse architectural tendencies since 1960 depend on the 'champ d'enonce', which Michel Foucault, French philosopher, defined in his . The writings of many architects, like Robert Venturi, Micheal Graves, Aldo Rossi, Peter Eisenman, Rem Koolhaas, Bernard Tschumi, Gerg Lynn demonstrate our conclusion. This is an important finding which make possible consistent understanding about contemporary architecture.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.516-519
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• 2000

Generally pancreas consist of lipid, water and protein, digestion enzyme complex (pro-tease, lipase, amylase). The sample used in this work was frozen dry and treated by a semi-batch flow type. In order to develop a supercritical fluid extraction process to rem-ove lipid from the pancreas, experiments were conducted at various operating conditions(pressure range $1500{\sim}2800psi$, temperature range $25{\sim}40^{cdot}C$, particle size$(0.25{\sim}1.0mm$, flow rate $20{\sim}80m{\ell}/min)$. Also cholesterol in the pancreas was removed. The highest extraction efficiency was 2500psi, $35^{\cdot}C$, 0.25mm of pancreas size. The enzyme activity of the pancreas produced from this work showed high value compared with imported pancreas.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2017

The use of alcohol is associated with the development and worsening of sleep disorder. Alcohol is generally known to have a sedative effect, but it has an arousal or sedative effect depending on the timing and drinking dose and directly affects REM sleep physiology. Alcohol acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to interfere with the sleep-wake cycle and to affect sleep-related hormone secretion. In addition, the ingestion of alcohol pre-sleep is associated with deterioration and development of sleep related breathing disorders (SBD). The increase in resistance of the upper respiratory tract and the decrease in sensitivity of the CNS respiratory center and the respiratory muscles are major mechanisms of alcohol-induced SBD, and result in snoring or apnea in healthy men or aggravating apnea in patients with OSA. Sleep-related restless leg syndrome and circadian rhythm disorders are common in alcohol use disorder patients. This review provides an assessment of scientific studies that investigated on the impact of alcohol ingestion on nocturnal sleep physiology and sleep disorders.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2003

목적 : 미국 NRC 의 위험도 평가 방법론(NUREG/CR-6642)에 국내에서 시행되는 고선량율 근접치료의 표준입력 자료를 대입하여 고선량율 근접치료시 위험도를 정량적으로 산출하고 그 값을 비교하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 고선량율 근접치료 시스템에 대한 위험도 평가를 위해 국내에서 고선량율 근접치료를 시행하고 있는 17개 의료기관으로부터 방사성동위원소의 설치와 폐기시의 방사능, 선원의 유형, 연간 총 치료회수 등 기초 자료를 수집하였다. 이로부터 방사성동위원소의 평균세기 연간 치료회수 등을 미국 NRC의 위험도 평가 방법론의 데이터베이스에 입력하여 고선량율 근접치료의 직무별, 피폭인의 종류, 정상상태와 사고 등의 형태에 따라 그 위험도를 구하였다. 결과 : 국내 고선량율 근접치료의 위험도는 미국 NRC의 위험도 평가 방법론에 따른 데이터베이스의 입력 결과 일반인의 정상상태와 사고 그리고 방사선종사자의 정상상태와 사고 시에 따라 그 위험도가 1.52-01, 2.96-03, 8.64-01, 3.32-02 rem/yr로 산출되었고 그 값을 미국 NRC의 값과 비교하였다. 결론 : 고선량율 근접치료 시 미국 NRC의 위험도 결과보다는 국내의 경우 수배 정도 높게 계산되었고 일반인과 방사선종사자, 정상상태와 사고, 직무별 패턴 등은 동일한 것으로 간주된다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 2014

Demands for Korean Traditional Residence Complexes as a more humane resident space have recently been increasing for the purposes of users' health and convenience, built with the purpose of reflecting various trends. This study is aimed at examining the physical characteristics of design in residence complexes by analyzing the physical characteristics of the sound environment as auditory elements of Hanok Complexes and the relationship between spatial and visual test values. The results were shown as follows: In subjective evaluation at Hanok, Natural sounds were recognized higher but artificial sounds were lower. According to the interrelationship analysis between subjective evaluation and physical measurement values, entrance (regular-StdDev), yard (regular-NbEm, friendly-G), waterside (regular-articulation index(rooms), StdDev, $L_{min}$, Rem), etc had been shown highly related.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2004

This study analyze the architectural space in the aspect of the 'Raumplan' and 'Plan Libre'. These concepts based on the 'Raumplan versus Plan Libre' exhibition in Delft University, Netherlands. It is generally agreed that the concept of 'Plan Libre' in connection with Le Corbusie architecture and 'Raumplan' related to Adolf Loos's works. that exhibition contents was focused an extent of modem architecture. But, These concepts continually influence contemporary architecture and offer diverse vision in architecture. Therefore, this study focused on the analysis that look for common element in the space through the case study and space element connection in change of the values, technical growth. This Paper reveals that Adolf Loos's Raumplan is similar to Louis I. Kahn's 'Room' concept and Ando Tadao's centrifugal space composition method In the dwelling architecture. And the concept 'Plan Libre': non-definitive formal system and the elements : column, free form screening wall is revived as formal application of 3 dimension composition in architecture. and transfer lots, void, and linear space in Rem Koolhaas's urban design projects. These aspects is so called topology. This topological concept is an attempt in view of the space connection state rather than formative viewpoint.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2004

The European architects including MVRDV, Rem Koolhaas, Van Berkel, and Zaha Hadid tend to use the their own design strategy based on the objective data. This Architectural design method leads to make new paradigm of contemporary architecture. For the purpose of the understanding a part of new architecture paradigm I will analyze the case of Villa VPRO designed by MVRDV. At the result, I can draw the following conclusions. First, through collecting and analyzing data, drawing design concept and planning the space program, they decided on the design strategies of Villa VPRO. They designed the space volume having 42.4m$\times$42.4m floors and infiltrated environmental elements to solve the problems about deep space. Second, Villa VPRO was constructed by 'creative space-making system: a series of floors much like a geological formation, the continuous floors interconnected by spatial means, the precision bombardments of snake-like holes, open elevations, the stacking spaces. Third, Villa VPRO produced the spectacle space effect the various formation of continuous floors make a lot of difference space types in this building. Also they lead to move naturally and give event space. A numbers of holes and openness make it possible to provide friendly environment with combining light and air with views of the surrounding and transparency. And using the method of stacking many types of space make the differences in height.