• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.34-39
• /
• 2003

The traditional Asian medicinal herb, roots of Astragalus (A.) membranaceus (Leguminosae), is used for many purposes, some of which are purported to stimulate the release of growth hormone in vivo. Extracts of A. membranaceus were tested to determine whether they stimulate the release of growth hormone in rat pituitary cell culture. A. membranaceus was extracted sequentially with 80% ethanol (fraction A), n-hexane (fraction B); the test compound from the herbal extraction was isolated using silica gel column chromatography and was identified with spectral data. Test compound was also extracted by traditional boiling water methods. Induction of growth hormone in pituitary cell culture was conducted with isolated compounds and extracted fractions of A. Radix (dried roots of A. membranaceus). The fraction A was not active in the rat pituitary cell culture, but the fraction B derived from the ethanol fraction stimulated the release of growth hormone in culture. Six compounds from fraction B (1-6) were isolated and identified previously. The compounds 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid diisononylester (1), $\beta$-sitosterol (2), and 3-Ο-$\beta$-D-galactopyranosyl-$\beta$-sitosterol (5) did not induce growth hormone release in the culture. Formononetin (3), 9Z, 12Z-octadecadienoic acid (4), stigmast-4-en-6$\beta$-o1-3-one (6) and 98-E, a mixture of 1'-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-2',3'-dihydroxy-propylester (7) and 1'-hexadecanoic acid-2',3'-dihydroxy-propylester (8) stimulated the release of growth hormone in the rat pituitary cell culture significantly compared to the control. In conclusions, four compounds isolated from extracts of A. Radix induced growth hormone release in the rat pituitary cell culture. The 98-E isolate was the most active inducer of growth hormone release.

• Journal of Photoscience
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.427-429
• /
• 2002

We studied iron release from ferritin by irradiating the visible light, and then followed ferritin-mediated lipid peroxidation in the rod outer segment (ROS) fraction of the porcine retina. In the presence of several phosphorus compounds such as ADP and ATP, iron release from ferritin at pH 7.0 could be induced by irradiation of the visible light to the reaction mixtures. Furthermore, iron release from ferritin in the presence of ADP depended on the incubation time and the visible light irradiation. Moreover, we investigated lipid peroxidation level in the ROS fraction by two independent assay systems including the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and ferrous oxidation/xylenol orange (FOX) methods. The visible light induced ferritin-mediated lipid peroxidation in the ROS fraction in time- and irradiance-dependent manners. In the dark condition, iron release and lipid peroxidation were not observed. Iron release from ferritin by irradiating the visible light may play an important role in the etiology of phototoxic injuries in vivo.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.24 no.11
• /
• pp.1486-1496
• /
• 2000

The initial flame kernel development and flame propagation in a constant volume combustion chamber is analyzed by the heat release rate and the mass fraction burnt. The combustion pressure is measured with a piezoelectric type pressure sensor. In order to evaluate the effects of ignition system and ignition energy on the flame propagation, four different ignition systems are designed and tested, and the ignition energy is varied by the dwell time. Several different spark plugs are also tested and examined to analysis the effects of electrodes on flame kernel development. The results show that the when the dwell time is increased, and when the spark plug gap is extended, heat release rate and the mass burnt fraction are increased. The materials and shapes of electrodes affect the flame development, because they change the energy transfer efficiency from electrical energy to chemical energy. The diameter of electrodes influences not only the heat release rate but also the mass burnt fraction as well.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.829-838
• /
• 2002

A constant volume combustion chamber is used to investigate the flame kernel development of gasoline air mixtures under various ignition systems, ignition energies and spark plugs. Three kinds of ignition systems are designed and assembled, and the ignition energy is controlled by the variation of the dwell time. Several kinds of spark plugs are also tested. The velocity of flame propagation is measured by a laser deflection method, and the combustion pressure is analyzed by the heat release rate and the mass fraction burnt. The results represent that as the ignition energy is increased by enlarging either dwell time or spark plug gap, the heat release rate and the mass fraction burnt are increased. The electrodes materials and shapes influence the flame kernel development by changing he transfer efficiency of electrical energy to chemical energy. The diameter of electrodes also influences the heat release rate and the burnt mass fraction.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.363-368
• /
• 2006

Twenty-four different natural food materials extracted with 80% methanol were used to investigate the inhibition of cell-mediated immediate type allergic reactions induced by compound 48/80 in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs). Nine 80% methanol extracts screened at a concentration of $10\;{\mu}g/mL$ inhibited histamine release from RPMCs induced by compound 48/80. Of these, two materials (Ulmus parvifolia and Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang) were extracted and fractionated into four different solvent types (chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol, and water), and the fractions with major anti-allergic effects were assessed. The chloroform fraction of U. parvifolia (UP) at $5\;{\mu}g/mL$ and the ethylacetate fraction of L. platyphylla Wang et Tang (LPWT) at $1\;{\mu}g/mL$ showed the greatest inhibition of histamine release induced by compound 48/80. The chloroform fraction of UP and the ethylacetate fraction of LPWT in combination showed a greater inhibition of histamine release than either fraction alone. The cAMP levels in RPMCs treated with UP and LPWT were significantly greater than in cells treated with compound 48/80 alone. Our studies suggest that extracts from UP and LPWT may alleviate immediate type hypersensitivity reactions through the increase of cAMP levels in the mast cells.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.89-93
• /
• 2006

Methanol extracts (80%, $10{\mu}g/mL$) of Actinidia chinensis (AC) and Zizyphus jujube(ZJ) inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) induced by compound 48/80. Evaluation of AC and ZJ solvent fractions (chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water) revealed that the butanol fraction of AC at $5{\mu}g/mL$ and water fraction of ZJ at $1{\mu}g/mL$ exhibited the highest anti-allergic effects. Combination of the butanol fraction of AC and water fraction of ZJ when combined showed higher inhibition of histamine release than either alone. The levels of cAMP in RPMCs treated with AC and ZJ were significantly increased compared to the compound 48/80 treated control. Our findings suggest that the extracts from AC and ZJ may alleviate immediate hypersensitivity reactions through the increase of cAMP in the mast cells.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2003

The Purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between the local heat release rate and CH concentration have been investigated by numerical simulations of methane-air premixed flames. And simultaneous CH and OH PLIF(Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence) measurement has been also conducted for lean premixed flame as well as for laminar flames. Numerical simulations are conducted for laminar premixed flames and turbulent ones by using PREMIX in CHEMKIN and two dimensional DNS code with GRI mechanism version 2.11, respectively. In the case of laminar premixed flame, the distance between the peak of heat release rate and that of CH concentration is under $91{\mu}m$ for all equivalence ratio calculated in present work. Even for the premixed flame in high intensity turbulence, the distribution of the heat release rate coincides with that of CH mole fraction. For CH PLIF measurements in the laminar premixed flame burner, CH fluorescence intensity as a function of equivalence ratio shows a similar trend with CH mole fraction computed by GRI mechanism. Simultaneous CH and OH PLIF measurement gave us useful information of instantaneous reaction zone. In addition, CH fluorescence can be measured even for lean conditions where CH mole fraction significantly decreases compared with that of stoichiometric condition. It was found that CH PLIF measurements can be applicable to the estimation of the spatial fluctuations of heat release rate in the engine combustion.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
• /
• 1984.09a
• /
• pp.191-197
• /
• 1984

A further purified fraction (D-O-ANa) was obtained from DPG 3-2 fraction of Ginseng Radix by complete removal of saponins, nucleosides, nucleic acid bases, amino acids, and sugars. D-O-ANa - induced insulin release was investigated to compare with that of DPG 3-2 and other isolated components. Among the sub fractions of DPG 3-2, D-O-ANa exhibited the most potent release of insulin with or without high concentrations of glucose, and it particularly enhanced the second phase of glucose-induced insulin release. DGP 3-2 potentiated significantly the glucose-induced insulin release from the isolated islets of diabetic mice at increasing concentrations of extracellular calcium ions (0.16 - 2.5 mM). A definite relationship was found between calcium $(^{45}Ca)$ uptake and insulin release. Ginsenoside $(G)-Rb_1\;and\;G-Rg_1$ did not enhance the glucose-induced insulin release. The effect of ginseng saponins was blocked by glucose (16.7 mM), being distinctly different from the glucose-potentiated effect of DPG 3-2. The insulin release effect of $G-Rg_1$ was unaffected by the presence or absence of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and theophylline. Adenosine also increased insulin release from isolated islets, but had no effect on perfused rat pancreas. Arginine stimulated insulin release less evidently than D-O-ANa, though arginineand adenosine-induced glucagon releases were more remarkable. In conclusion, D-O-ANa appears to be a major fraction in insulin release activity of ginseng and its mode of action may be related to $Ca^{2+}$ ion uptake. This physiological mechanism was distinct from that of the abnormal release induced by ginseng saponins.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.273-276
• /
• 1996

Platelets serve many biological functions, including a major role in the haemostatic process. But platelets also play a crucial role in the formation of arterial thrombosis, arteriosclerosis and other pathologic processes. Thus, there have been many studies to develop new antiplatelet agents from foods and plants for decades. Inthis study, inhibitory effects of the oriental onion (Allium fistulosum) on platelet aggregation were investigated using platelet rich plasma (PRP). Water extracts of oriental onion was separated into two fractions (Fraction I and Fraction II) by Sephadex G-150 column. Platelet aggregations were inhibited by total water extracts as well as Fraction I and II. IC50 value of Fraction I was much lower than that of Fraction II. Inhibitory effects of total water extracts of oriental onion on ATP release by PRP were also observed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.511-520
• /
• 2019

This study was investigated to improve the phosphorus release and water quality by transformation of sedimentary P fraction for application of $CaO_2$. For the experiment, 0.5% (w/w) of $CaO_2$ was homogenized in the sediment and incubated with the control for 20 days. The analytical results showed that pH increased with $CaO_2$ and redox potential (ORP) was improved in the sediment of the reactor. The growth rate of chlorophyll-a was lower in the $CaO_2$ reactor and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of overlying water maintained higher than that of the control. Total phosphorus (T-P) concentration in the overlying water increased from the initial concentration to 0.304mg/L in the control at 20 days. The reactor of $CaO_2$ was lowered by 29.3%. Ex-P, Fe-P and Ca-P in sediment P fraction were increased with the $CaO_2$. The formation of bound Fe-P and Ca-P in the sediments seemed to control the release of P by removing the Soluble Reactive Phosphorus (SRP) presented in the pore water. From the result, this indicated that the reduction of P release from the sediments seems to be effective in suppressing the eutrophication of P and improving the oxygen condition in the water quality with the application of $CaO_2$.