• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 1988

A method for the measurement of viscoelastic properties of heat denatured gluten network was developed in order to evaluate the noodle making quality of wheat flour. The stress relaxation of elongated heat denatured gluten network could be expressed by 6-element generallized Maxwell model. The tensile force of heat denatured gluten network increased by the heating time. The elastcity and viscosity of the first exponential term which covers 70-74% of the total relaxation increased as cooking time was extended up to 1q min. The addition of gluten network strengthening agent, potassium bromate, at 1000ppm level reduced the elasticity and viscosity, while weakening agent, L-cystein, increased them. The relaxation time decreased after 11 min of cooking in both cases. The elasticity and viscosity of heat denatured gluten were affected differently by the concentration of added urea.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.329-337
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• 2001

It has been known that the leakage current in the low field region consists of the dielectric relaxation current and intrinsic leakage current, which cause the charge loss in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) storage capacitor using (Ba,Sr)TiO$_{3}$ (BST) thin film. Especially, the dielectric relaxation current should be seriously considered since its magnitude is much larger than that of the intrinsic leakage current in giga-bit DRAM operation voltage (~IY). In this study, thermally stimulated current (TSC) measurement was at first applied to investigate the activation energy of traps and relative evaluation of the density of traps according to process change. And, through comparing TSC to early methods of I-V or I-t measurement and analyzing, we identify the origin of the dielectric relaxation current and investigate the reliability of TSC measurement. First, the polarization condition such as electric field, time, temperature and heating rate was investigated for reliable TSC measurement. From the TSC measurement, the energy level of traps in the BST thin film has been investigated and evaluated to be 0.20($\pm$0.01) eV and 0.45($\pm$0.02) eV. Based on the TSC measurement results before and after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process, oxygen vacancy is concluded to be the origin of the traps. TSC characteristics with thermal annealing in the MIM BST capacitor have shown the same trends with the current-voltage (I-V) and current-time (I-t) characteristics. This means that the TSC measurement is one of the effective methods to characterize the traps in the BST thin film.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.207-215
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• 1998

There have been many radiation measurement methods so far among which film dosimetry, TLD, and ion chamber are the most frequently used methods. But this study describes a new radiation measurement method which uses polymer gel and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). The objective of this study is to fabricate a polymer gel sensitive to radiation and to generate a dose to MRI contrast relationship, and to apply this results to the radiation measurement for the brachytherapy. To do this, 12 cm diameter cylindrical gel phantom was made, and the phantom was irradiated using the 30 mm diameter circular collimator which was used for radiosurgery. And this irradiated phantom was scanned with MRI. To find out the relationship between the radiation dose and the transversal relaxation time, an image processing software(IDL) was used. From this study it is found out that the radiation dose showed linear relationship to the transversal relaxation time of the gel up to 17 Gy($R^2$=0.993) and they had a different relationship above 17 Gy. The dose distributions were calculated using these results for the Ir-192 sources, one for the HDR afterloading system and the other for a 2 mCi seed source. And these calculated dose distributions were compared to the ones from the treatment planning computers. From this study the dose to the irradiated gel's transversal relaxation time relationship was examined, and this result was tried for the measurement of the brachytherapy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.502-505
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• 2004

The purpose of this experiment is to modify diagnosis criterion of isothermal relaxation current(IRC) measurement equipment which is using for distribution cable diagnosis. We're using this system for several years in the field instead of DC leakage current measurement and lots of cables were replaced. But we have to investigate on the reliability of this equipment for our cables because we didn't carried out condition assessment of extracted cables after field diagnosis by this equipment. It is important thing for cable maintenance. If the replacement criterion is improper we can not prevent failures or will waste budget on account of replacement of the sound cables. In this papar we selected field installed cables and injected silicone fluid to the cables for insulation rehabilitation. In order to prove reliability of the diagnosis equipment we compared diagnosis results and AC breakdown strength according to operating time after silicone treatment. This is the results of the field test for 1 year.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 2017

In general, the shoe stretcher is utilized to stretching the leather of shoe upper in the longitudinal direction. In the capstone design class, we tried to make a shoe leather stretcher for the ball of foot. Since a natural cow leather was recovered in length according to relaxation time after stretched, it was difficult to predict the initial amount of set up of stretching. In this paper, tensile and relaxation experiments were conducted in order to predict the amount of initial stretching for appropriate tensile length. Apparatus of leather stretching was designed and strains of leather were measured according to relaxation times of 12, 18, 24 hours after stretching of 24 hours. It was revealed that the ratio of the final relaxed strain and the initial applied strain was about 0.404 with R-square of 0.990 for a shoe cow leather.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-47
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• 1994

The purposes of this research are to examine the effects of muscle relaxation to the rheumatoid arthritis patients' physiological, psychological, and social adaptation, and to verify that the technique Is an effective tool for improving the patients' adaptation. This research utilized a qusi-experimental design that compares the pre-experiment measures and the post-experiment measures. The subjects of this study were 37 out-patients who were diagnosed for rheumatoid arthritis in P university hospital and K clinic between September 12, 1993 and November 30, 1993. The experimental group consisted of patients treated on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. The control group consisted of patients treated on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday The pre-experimental survey utilized the following tools. The physiological adaptation was measured by a graphic rating scale for pain and activity of daily living. The psychological adaptation was measured by Zung's depression scale and Rosenberg's self-esteem scale : and the social adaptation was measured by Derogatis' psychosocial adjustment scale. The experimental group received muscle relaxation treatment for 15 minutes per day for the period of 2 weeks, the control group received no treatment and had quiet time. The post-experiment measurement was carried out similar to the pre-experiment survey, SPSS $PC^+$ is used to analyze the collected data. The reliabilities of the measurement tools were examined by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients. The homogeneities between the experimental and control groups were tested by t-test and chi-square test, hypotheses were tested by t-test. This research found that the general characteristics between the groups were statistically homogenious. The physiological, psychological, and social adaptation between the groups in the pre-experimental survey were also statistically homogenious. The results of this research can be summarized as follows : 1. Concerning the Physiological adaptation, the experimental group showed a statistically lower pain score than the control group. Thus, muscle relaxation was effective to relieve the pain of rheumatoid arthritis patients (t=-2.95, p=.006). 2. Concerning the psychological adaptation, the experimental group showed a statistically lower depression score than the control group. Thus, muscle relaxation was effective to reduce the patient's depression(t=-4.00, p=.001). 3. Concerning social adaptation, the experimental group showed a statistically higher score for the health maintenance and disease control than the control groups. Thus, muscle relaxation was effective for the health maintenance and disease control (t=2.09, p=.004). This research showed that the muscle relaxation is a nursing intervention that can promote the physiological, psychological and social adaptation of the rheumatoid arthritis patients in terms of short-term and cognitive changes. However, more fundomental changes in behavior and long-term physiology could not be found through such a short-term relaxation treatment.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.9
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• pp.189-195
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• 1999

We have studied the vortex dynamics in YBa$_2Cu_3O_7$ single crystals with columnar defects using micro Hall-probe array. The Hall-probe array technique allowed a simultaneous measurement of the time and spatial dependence of the vortex density so that more detailed information on flux dynamics could be obtained. We found that field profiles inside sample were similar to the Bean's critical state model from the magnetic hysteresis measurement. Normalized relaxation rates were maximum near the center and decreased toward the edge if applied field H$_{app}$ is greater than the penetration field H. But applied magnetic field H$_{app}$ is less than H, relaxation rates were minimum near the center and increased toward edge. We found that glassy exponent ${\mu}$ has the value of ${\sim}$ 1 whose corresponding vortex motion is half-loop excitation. However, single vortex creep, ${\mu}$ ${\sim}$ 1/7, was also found at 30 K and H$_{app}$ ${\cong}$ H'. Calculation of activation energy, U, was possible from direct analysis of the local relaxation data using the basic diffusion equation. From these results, we found that U increases logarithmically with time and U around center was lower than that at the edge.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.127-137
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review on current status of use and measurement condition of heart rate variability(HRV) by reviewing clinical studies published in journal of Korean medicine registered Korea citraion index(KCI). Methods : One hundred twenty articles were found by searching the representative Korean databases. At first analysis was performed by current status of use(journal, academic field of corresponing author, purpose of study, disease of subject, HRV measurement devices, intervention methods and tests compared to HRV). At second analysis was performed by measurement condition(uncontrolled study, relaxation before measurement, measurement position, measurement place, measurement time period and restriction of smoking, alcohol, caffeine, meal). Results : The analysis showed that department of acupuncture & moxibustion, department of oriental neuropsychiatry are major part in journal & academic field. The purpose of study were classified under studies to verify therapeutic effect on normal subject(39%), to verify therapeutic effect on the patients(8%), to investigate characteristics of the patients(34%) and to be compared with other test(19%). Disease of subject & measurement devices in article were so various. Major intervention methods were acupuncture(61.4%), mind-body intervention(19.2%). Studies that measurement condition were not controlled were relax time(24%), measurement position(19%), measurement place(26%), measurement time period(91%) and restriction of smoking, alcohol, caffeine, meal(49%). Conclusions : This study showed that current status of use of HRV is widespread in Korean medicine but more controlled measurement conditon are needed to get more reliable result from clinical studies and to improve diagnosis and treatment of Korean medicine.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2006

To evaluate the T1, T2 magnetic relaxation properties of water molecule according to molecular weight of paramagnetic complex. 4-aminomethyicyclohexane carboxylic acid (0.63 g, 4 mmol) was mixed with the suspension solution of DMF (15 ml) and DTPA-bis-anhydride (0.71 g, 2 mmol) to synthesize the ligand. The ligand was then mixed with $Gd_2O_3$ (0.18 g, 0.5 mmol) to synthesize Gd-chelate. For the measurement of magnetic relaxivity of paramagnetic compounds, the compounds were diluted to 1 mM and then the relaxation times were measured at 1.57 (64 MHz). Inversion-recovery pulse sequence was employed for T1 relaxation measurement and CPMG (Carr-Purcell-Meiboon-Gill) pulse sequence was employed for T2 relaxation measurement. In case of inversion recovery sequence, total 35 images with different inversion time(T1)s ranging from 50 msec to 1,750 msec. To estimate the relaxation times, the signal intensity of each sample was measured using region of Interest (ROI) and then fitted by non-linear least square method to yield T1, T2 relaxation times and also R1 and R2. Compared to T1=($205.1{\pm}2.57$) msec and T2=($209.4{\pm}4.28$) msec of Omniscan (Gadodiamide), which is commercially available paramagnetic MR agent, T1 and T2 values of new paramagnetic complexes were reduced along with their molecular weight. That is, T1 value was ranged from $(96.35{\pm}2.04)\;to\;(79.38{\pm}1.55)$ msec and T2 value was ranged from $(91.02{\pm}2.08)\;to\;(76.66{\pm}1.84)$ msec. Among new paramagnetic complexes, there is a tendency that the R1 and R2 increase as the molecular weight is increases. As molecular weight of paramagnetic complex increases, T1 and T2 relaxation times reduce and thus the increase of relaxivity (R1 and R2) Is proportional to molecular weight.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.566-571
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• 2004

Pulse modulation technique provide additional controling method for electron temperature and density in rf and microwave processing plasma. Transient characteristics of electron density and temperature have been measured in pulse modulated rf inductively coupled argon plasma using simple probe circuit. Electron temperature relaxation is clearly identified in the after glow stage. Controllability of average electron temperature and density depends on the modulation frequency and duty ratio. Numerical calculation of time-dependent electron density and temperature have been performed based on the global model. It has been shown that simple langmuir probe measurement method used for continuous plasma is also applicable to time-dependent measurement of pulse modulated plasma.