• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.5-17
• /
• 1970

The effects of Physical exercise, gymnastics and sports on the cardiopulmonary function were studied in the middle and high school toys. The subjects were divided into 4 groups; non-training group and training group in both middle school and high school boys. In the above groups, pulmonary function studies were performed, and blood pressure and the heart rate were also checked to evaluate physical fitness during and immediately after running exercise on the tread-mill, with the speed of 5 MPH and elevation of 9% and 11.25%. The types of sports in the training group were base ball, body building, Taekwondo (Korean style boxing) and hand ball. The results obtained were as followings: 1) In the training group, cardiopulmonary function showed some tendency of the increase comparing to the non-training group. 2) The increase in cardiopulmonary function was observed according to the age became older, but the clear changes on cardiopulmonary function was not observed as the difference of the group between the training and the non-training. 3) The expiratory volume was decreased as the increase of age except 17 years of age for the value of the per kg body weight. 4) In the non-training group, the mean value of oxygen consumption under maximum work load was increased, while those in the training group was decreased. But it may be noted that oxygen consumption for the expiratory volume was increased in the training group, and that the oxygen cost in the training group was .higher than that of the non-training group. 5) The pulse pressure of the high school group during and immediately after running exercise was observed in the higher value comparing with that of the middle school group It was suggested that the changes of the pulse pressure was owing to the method of determination and that to the decrease of diastolic pressure caused by the decrease of peripheral vascular resistance up to critical closing pressure. 6) Any differences of the changes in the heart rate between the training group and non-training group was not observed during and immediately after running exercise. 7) The relative value of the expiratory volume to the heart rate was decreased in the elder age group.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제60권2호
• /
• pp.205-214
• /
• 2006

배 경 : 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 급성 악화는 주요한 사회경제적 부담이다. 이 질환의 높은 사망률이 잘 알려져 있지만, 아직까지 급성악화로 입원했던 환자의 장기 예후에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구의 목적은 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 급성악화로 입원했던 환자에서 장기간 사망의 예측인자를 알아보기 위함이다. 방 법 : 2000년부터 2004년 사이에 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 급성 악화로 입원한 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 입원 중 또는 퇴원 후 6개월 이내에 사망하거나 흉부 X-선 촬영에서 결핵반흔, 흉막비후나 기관지확장증이 동반된 경우, 추적기간 중 악성종양을 진단받은 환자는 제외하였다. 결 과 : 평균 연령은 69.5세였고, 추적기간은 49개월이었으며, 평균 $FEV_1$은 1.00L(예측치의 46%)였다. 사망률은 35%(17/48)였다. 다중 Cox 회귀분석 결과 분당 100회 이상의 빈맥과(p=0.003; 상대위험도, 11.99; 95% 신뢰구간, 2.34-61.44) 35mmHg이상의 우심실수축기압이(p=0.019; 상대위험도, 6.85; 95% 신뢰구간, 1.38-34.02) 사망 위험을 높이는 독립적인 예측인자였다. 결 론 : 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 급성악화로 입원했던 환자의 장기간 사망 위험을 예측하는 데 안정시 심장박동수와 우심실수축기압이 유용할 것이다.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제16권7호
• /
• pp.630-638
• /
• 2004

Liquid desiccant dehumidification systems have the ability to provide efficient humidity and temperature control while saving the electrical energy requirement for air conditioning as compared to a conventional system. The dehumidifier and the regenerator form the heart of this system. The latent part of the cooling load is overcome using liquid desiccant. The model regenerator has been designed to study the absorption characteristic of the aqueous triethylene glycol (TEG) solution which is in the flow range from 20 to 50 LPM. Also, this system designed that was able to change the height of the regenerator and dehumidifier. Because the effect of performance have different result according the height. The effect of performance factors of the regenerator with inlet solution flow rate, air flow rate, solution concentration, solution temperature, brine temperature, air temperature and inlet air relative humidity have been analyzed. Data obtained are useful for design guidance and performance analysis of the hybrid air conditioning system.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국감성과학회 1998년도 추계학술발표 논문집
• /
• pp.225-229
• /
• 1998

The purpose of the current study was comparative analysis of autonomic and electrocortical responses to passive and active touch of the tektites with different subjective emotional preference. Perspective goal of the project is development of a template for classification of tactile stimuli according to subjective comfort and associated physiological manifestations. The study was carried out on 36 female college students. Physiological signals were acquired by Grass and B10PAC 100 systems with AcqKnowledge III software. Frontal, parietal and occipital EEG (relative power spectrum /percents/ of EEG bands - delta, theta, slow and fast alpha, low and fast beta), and autonomic variables, namely heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), pulse transit time (PTT), respiration rate (RSP) and skin conductance parameters (SCL, amplitude, rise time and number of SCRs) were analyzed for rest baseline and stimulation conditions. Analysis of the overall pattern of reaction indicated that autonomic response to tactile stimulation was manifested in a form of moderate HR acceleration, RSP increase, RSA decrease (lowered vagal tone), decreased n and increased electrodermal activity (increased SCL, several SCRs) that reflects general sympathetic activation. Parietal EEG effects (on contra-lateral side to stimulated hand) were featured by short-term alpha-blocking, slightly reduced theta and significantly increased delta and enhanced fast beta activity with few variations across stimuli. The main finding of the study was that most and least preferred textures exhibited significant differences in autonomic (HR, RSP, PTT, SCR, and at less extent in RSA and SCL) and electrocortical responses (delta, slow and fast alpha, fast beta relative power). These differences were recorded both in passive and active stimulation modes, thus demonstrating reproducibility of distinction between most and least emotionally preferred tactile stimuli, suggesting influence of psychological factors, such as emotional property of stimulus, on physiological outcome. Nevertheless, development of sufficiently sensitive .and reliable template for classification of emotional responses to tactile stimulation based on physiological response pattern may require more extensive empirical database.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.32-51
• /
• 2005

Objectives: To study the effect of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba extracts, that have been used as oriental medicine to treat liver disease, on the perinatal and lactational n;)productive toxicity of SD rats when administered by oral lavage. Methods: Female SD rats were dosed from 6 days of gestation to 3 weeks postpartum. This was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the KFDA Guidelines for Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products. Results: No Artemisiae Capillaris Herba extracts treatment-related changes in clinical signs, mortalities, implantation number, dead fetus number, loss rate of fetus, number of live young, survival rate of fetus, sex ratio of live young, external anomalies, pregnancy periods, viability index, lactational index, survival rate of litters at 4 days after birth or delivery index were demonstrated in any dosed levels in this study. However, the body weight and gains, food consumption and absolute organ weights of brain, adrenal glands, liver, spleen, kidney, ovaries and heart were significantly increased in 2000 or 1000mg/kg-dosing groups and the relative organ Weights of adrenal glands were significantly increased in 2,000mg/kg-dosing groups. Therefore, it was concluded that this increase was natural according to growth. Also, no changes of gross findings, clinical signs, mortalities, body weight and gains, physical development results, necropsy findings, organ weight, faculty test, open filed test and water-filled simple T-maze test, copulation, fertility, pregnancy indices, body weight and gains during gestation periods, necropsy findings, corpora lutea number, implantation number, implantation rate, dead fetus number, post-implantation loss rate, live young, post-implantation survival rate, sex ratio of live young, external anomalies and individual body weights of live young were demonstrated in any dosed levels in this study. Conclusions: It is considered that the NOAEL (No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level) for perinatal and lactational reproductive toxicity of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba extracts was up to 2000mg/kg/day because no changes of other perinatal and lactational reproductive indices were demonstrated.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.109-119
• /
• 2006

Objectives: A number of studies in economically developed countries have shown occurrence of stroke and cardiovascular disease to be inversely related to socioeconomic class. The purpose of this study is to investigate socioeconomic differentials in stroke and cardiovascular disease mortality in Korea. Methods: Two data from two sources, registry data from National Health Insurance Corporation and death certification data from National Statistics Office, were used to calculate mortality rate for five socioeconomic classes. Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate relative indices of inequality as a measure of mortality differentials between socioeconomic classes. Results: For males, graded socioeconomic differentials in mortality were observed with higher mortality rates related to lower socioeconomic class for intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarct, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarct, and arrhythmia. The relative index of inequality for stroke and cardiovascular disease was 1.61(95% CI=1.54-1.68). For females, these differentials were observed for arrhythmia and intracerebral hemorrhage. The relative index of inequality was 1.06(95% CI=1.02-1.11). Conclusions: This socioeconomic differential in mortality, consistent with the results of other studies performed in economically developed countries suggest that Socioeconomic class can influence mortality regardless of the developmental stage of the country.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.253-257
• /
• 2004

The mechanisms by which leptospires caused disease are not well understood. A number of putative virulence factors have been suggested, but with few exceptions their role in pathogenesis remains unclear. In these days, many cases of leptospirosis are diagnosed by serological immunoassay. Leptospirosis is characterized by the histopathology of liver, kidney, heart, and lung, but the electrophoresis fractions of serum protein are not compared. We analyzed total protein, albumin, aspartic aminotranferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine and urea nitrogen (UN) in sera of patients diagnosed leptospirosis. Total protein and albumin were decreased in 18.5％ and 31.2％ of patients, respectively. AST, ALT, ALP, UN and creatinine were increased in 90.4％, 66.9％, 28.0％, 15.9％ and 10.8％ of patients, respectively. We performed cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis (EP) on sera of patients increased both of AST and ALT, and of patients increased both of creatinine and UN. In patients increased both of AST and ALT, and in patients increased both of AST and ALT, the relative percentage of albumin to total protein in patient serum was dcreased in 89.1 ％ of patients. α₁-globulin, α₂-globulin, β-globulin and γ-globulin were increased in 85.1 ％, 75.2％, 33.6％ and 98.0％ of patients, respectively. In patients increased both of creatinine and UN, the relative percentage of albumin to total protein in patient serum was dcreased in 93.8％ of patients. α₁-globulin, α₂-globulin, β-globulin and γ-globulin were increased in 87.5％, 100％, 31.2％ and 93.8％ of patients, respectively. These data indicate that infection of Leptospira causes severe liver damage to most of leptospirosis patients, but doesn't cause renal damage to most of them. The relative rate of serum protein electrophoresis fractions to total protein are not identical with them of typical hepatitis patient.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.532-537
• /
• 2012

흡연자의 단시간의 흡연 중단이 안정 시 및 저강도(40% of $VO_2max$), 중강도(60% of $VO_2max$)에서의 일회성 유산소성 운동 중에 나타내는 심혈관 반응의 차이를 알아보는데 있다. 따라서 성인 남성 흡연자를 대상으로 흡연 직후, 흡연 중단 24시간과 흡연 중단 48시간 경과 후의 안정 시, 저강도, 중강도의 강도별 사이클 에르고미터를 통한 일회성 유산소 운동 시 심혈관계 반응을 검토하였다. 이에 따른 결과 흡연 직후, 흡연 중단 24시간과 흡연 중단 48시간 경과 후의 안정 시, 저강도, 중강도의 수준의 운동 강도별 사이클 에르고미터를 통한 일회성 유산소 운동 시 SBP, DBP, MAP, HR에서 유의한 감소가 나타났다($p$<0.05). 또한, 안정 시와 중강도에서는 CO의 유의한 감소가 나타났다($p$<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 단시간의 흡연 중단은 교감신경의 항진상태를 완화시키고, 부교감신경계의 활성화로 인해 HR을 감소시킴으로써 안정 시와 동일 강도 유산소운동 시의 과도한 심혈관 반응을 완화키는 것으로 사료된다. 이를 통해 흡연자에게 있어 단기간의 흡연 금지만으로도 운동 중에 심혈관계 반응의 위험을 감소시킬 수 있다는 가능성을 나타냈다.

• 근관절건강학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.132-142
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Tai Chi exercise on Cardiorespiratory function and to identify directions for future research. Method: 19 articles from Medline search of english journals(1981-2004) and 2 from Korean nursing journals were surveyed. The contents analysis were focused on outcome measures and relative factors regarding cardiopulmonary function. Results: There are 21 articles including 8 articles with quasi experimental design, 7 articles with randomized controlled design and 6 articles with comparative non experimental research design. The major subjects of research were older adults, but hypertensive patients, cardiac rehabilitative patient, and osteoarthritic patient also included. The major style of Tai Chi was Yang style with 108-form. The duration of Tai Chi exercise was from 12weeks to 13.2 years in comparative non experimental studies, but 6 weeks to 16weeks in randomized controlled experimental studies. The most effective duration for cardiopulmonary function was over 16weeks. The variables for cardiopulmonary function were blood pressure, heart rate and cardiopulmonary function via $VO_2$ max(ml/kg/min). To reduce the blood pressure in the result was found in 2 articles, to reduce the heart beat was found in 1 article, to improve the cardiopulmonary function via $VO_2$ max in results were found in 7 articles(73%) among 11 articles. Conclusion: The Tai Chi exercise over 16weeks improves the cardiopulmonary function. It is suggested that to verify the effect of Tai Chi on cardiopulmonary function, the difference of gender, age, health status will be identified through repeated experiments.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.713-722
• /
• 2004

This study examined the effects of two kinds of functional sun hats through a head-manikin test and a climatic chamber trial for farm workers in summer. Experiment was composed of four conditions. The first condition was the condition without any hat (Control). The second was the condition with a sun hat on the market (Hat A). The third was the condition with a functional sun hat made of reflective fabric (Hat B). The last was the condition with a functional sun hat having a ventilating structure as well as reflective fabric (Hat C). For the subjects in the climatic chamber trials, 12 healthy males volunteered. Air temperature, relative humidity and globe temperature in the chamber was maintained at $33{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C,\;65{\pm}5%RH\;and\;39{\pm}1^{\circ}C\;(WBGT\;33^{\circ}C)$. Subjects did a simulated red pepper-work (50-min work and 10-min rest, twice repetition) for 120 min. As the result of head-manikin test, the surface temperature on middle of back-neck was the lowest in Hat B of four conditions and the surface temperature on top of head was the lowest in Hat C. As the result of climatic chamber trials, there were apparent differences between with (Hat A, Hat B, Hat C) and without a sun hat (Control). In rectal temperature ($T_{re}$), mean skin temperature ($\={T}_{sk}$), heart rate (HR), total sweat rate (TSR), The physiological heat strain was less in the condition with hats than in the condition without a sun hat. As the increasing rate in Tre, Hat B is the most effective hat for alleviation heat strain. As the subjective responses, Hat B was the most effective hat for thermal comfort even though the difference was not significant. Hat C was less effective than Hat B and the reason might be the increase of weight due to inserting the ventilating structure.