• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.22 no.1_2
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• pp.351-360
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• 2006

In this paper, we develop an inexact-Newton method for solving nonsmooth operator equations in infinite-dimensional spaces. The linear convergence and superlinear convergence of inexact-Newton method under some conditions are shown. Then, we characterize the order of convergence in terms of the rate of convergence of the relative residuals. The present inexact-Newton method could be viewed as the extensions of previous ones with same convergent results in finite-dimensional spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.109-118
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• 2005

It is a very difficult task to estimate engineering properties of the ground when designing underground structures, especially in tunnelling. Therefore, a feed-back system to combine the data measured in construction field with priorly estimated information at the design stage is necessary. In this paper, 3-dimensional back-analysis in tunnelling, to which only relative convergence is applied as input values, is carried out to estimate the optimum geotechnical parameters. For this purpose, the Extended Bayesian Method (EBM), which appropriately combines the objective information with the subjective one, is applied to optimize engineering parameters and 3-dimensional numerical analysis is carried out to predict a trend of relative convergence occurrence. The data measured from two tunnelling sites are used to verify the applicability of the proposed back-analysis technique. from the results of analysis, the proposed back-analysis technique is verified.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.765-782
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to give convergence theorems both for closed convex set valued and relative fuzzy valued martingales, and sub- and super- martingales. These kinds of martingales, sub- and super-martingales are the extension of classical real valued martingales, sub- and super-martingales. Here we compare two kinds of convergences, in the Hausdorff metric and in the Kuratowski-Mosco sense. We also introduce a new convergence for the fuzzy valued case in the graph sense and obtain convergence theorems.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.181-190
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to find the effective stiffness and compressive strengths of a unit-cell pinwheel truss and double pinwheel truss model designed following a double helical geometry similar to that of the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) structure in biology. The ideal solution for their derived relative density is correlated with a ratio of the truss thickness and length. To validate the relative stiffness or relative strength, ABAQUS software is used for the computational model analysis on five models having a different size of truss diameter from 1mm to 5mm. Applied material properties are stainless steel type 304. The boundary conditions applied were fixed bottom and 5 mm downward displacement. It was assumed that the width, length, and height are all equal. Consequently, it is found that the truss model has a lower effective stiffness and a lower effective yielding strength.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2002

Because of the difference of the relative reactivity between two hydroxyl groups of the hydroquinone due to the steric hindrance of the substituent, many combinations of the substituent direction in the polyesters derived from asymmetrical diphenols such as monosubstituted hydroquinones was expected. It was studied how the mode of the direction affected the properties of the resulting polyesters in terms of the transition temperatures of the thermotropic polyesters prepared from terephthalic acid, 2,4-dichloroterephthalic acid, and phenylhydroquinone by the reaction using p-Toluenesulfonylchloride in pyridine. The direction was tried to control the relative reactivity by changing the reaction temperature and addition time of the hydroquinone, and by modifying it through an association of the hydroquinones with DMF.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.915-918
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• 2001

In this paper we study a new convergence behavior of the least mean fourth (LMF) algorithm where the error raised to the power of four is minimized for a multiple sinusoidal input and Gaussian measurement noise. Here we newly obtain the convergence equation for the sum of the mean of the squared weight errors, which indicates that the transient behavior can differ depending on the relative sizes of the Gaussian noise and the convergence constant. It should be noted that no similar results can be expected from the previous analysis by Walach and Widrow.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.12A
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• pp.2043-2049
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• 2001

In this paper we study the convergence behavior of the least mean fourth(LMF) algorithm where the error raised to the power of four is minimized for a multiple sinusoidal input and Gaussian measurement noise. Here we newly obtain the convergence equation for the sum of the mean of the squared weight errors, which indicates that the transient behavior can differ depending on the relative sizes of the Gaussian noise and the convergence constant. It should be noted that no similar results can be expected from the previous analysis by Walach add Widrow.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.2E
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• pp.3-9
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• 1999

In this paper we study the convergence behavior of the least mean fourth(LMF) algorithm where the error raised to the power of four is minimized for a multiple sinusoidal input and Gaussian measurement noise. Here we newly obtain the convergence equation for the sum of the mean of the squared weight errors, which indicates that the transient behavior can differ depending on the relative sizes of the Gaussian noise and the convergence constant. It should be noted that no similar results can be expected from the previous analysis by Walach and Widrow/sup [1]/.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2022

This paper describes a localization algorithm utilizing relative observations for multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (Multiple-AUVs). In order to maximize the efficiency of operation and mission accomplishment and to prevent problems such as collision and interference, the locations and directions of Multiple-AUVs must be precisely estimated. To estimate the locations and directions, we designed a localization algorithm utilizing relative observations and verified it with simulations based on sensor data sets acquired through real sea experiments. Also, an optimal combination of relative observation information for efficient localization is figured out through combining various relative observations. The proposed method shows improved localization results compared to those only using the navigation algorithm. The performance of localization is improved up to 58% depending on the combination of relative observations.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2005

To evaluate the reliability of binocular vision measurements by phorometry. 90 students volunteered to participate in this study. 25 subjects were males, and 65 were females, they ranged in ages from 21 to 30 years. All subjects had normal ocular and systematic health, and all of them had at least 1.0 visual acuity with their best correction. At negative relative convergence(NRC) measurement in distance, the percentage of subjects is included in expected value(blur point/break point/recovery point) was 78%/61%/67%, divergence excess(DE) was 9%/31%/33%, and divergence insufficience(DI) was 13%/8%/9%, respectively. And positive relative convergence(PRC) measurement, includes expected value was 20%/46%/39%, convergence excess(CE) was 22%/14%/16%, and convergence insufficience(CI) was 35%/40%/45%. AC/A ratios of 42 subjects were normal. 38 were low, and the rest of them high. A low AC/A ratio is usually the result of a small vergence response in relation to accommodation. Negative relative convergence(NRC) at near, includes expected value was 26%/29%/44%, divergence excess(DE) was 61%/33%/24%, and divergence insufficience(DI) was 3%/38%/32%. And PRC at near, includes expected value was 33%/40%/31%, convergence excess(CE) was 61%/23%/42%, and convergence insufficience(CI) was 6%/37%/27%. For the near point of convergence(NPC) test, 58% of their subjects had a break of ${\leq}8cm$ with the accommodative target. In case of NRA(PRA) measurement, the expected value was 41%(33%). Accommodative insufficiency (AI) was 33%(43%), and accommodative excess(AE) was 26%(24%), respectively. AE was related to respectively low values of NRA. AI and CE are associated with high value of NRA, and the dysfunction of convergence excess combined with AE was related to a normal-high values of NRA. PRA in AI was related to a low value, wheres the dysfunction are associated with high values of PRA.