• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2014

A powder-in-sheath rolling (PSR) process utilizing a copper alloy tube was applied to a fabrication of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced aluminum matrix composite. A copper tube with an outer diameter of 30 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm was used as a sheath material. A mixture of pure aluminum powders and CNTs with the volume contents of 1, 3, 5 vol% was filled in the tube by tap filling and then processed to 93.3% height reduction by a rolling mill. The relative density of the CNT/Al composite fabricated by the PSR decreased slightly with increasing of CNTs content, but showed high value more than 98%. The average hardness of the 5%CNT/Al composite increased more than 3 times, compared to that of unreinforced pure Al powder compaction. The hardness of the CNT/Al composites was some higher than that of the composites fabricated by PSR using SUS304 tube. Therefore, it is concluded that the type of tube affects largely on the mechanical properties of the CNT/Al composites in the PSR process.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2003

굴패각을 대규모로 처리할 수 있는 방법인 건설재료로서 재활용하기 위해 패각원형을 1차파쇄한 상태에서의 굴패각의 파쇄특성과 지반공학적 특성을 고찰하였다. 파쇄된 굴패각의 조립률과 상대밀도에 따른 투수특성과 구속압축특성 그리고 전단특성을 정량적으로 검토하였다. 파쇄 굴패각은 일반 모래에 비해 경량이며 투수특성과 전단특성이 모래와. 유사하며, 파쇄 가능성은 크지만 실제적인 파쇄는 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서의 실험결과, 파쇄 굴패각의 파쇄정도에 따른 지반공학적 특성의 정량적인 파악이 가능하며, 모래다짐말뚝공법의 모래 대체재로서 매우 유용하다고 판단된다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.60-74
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• 1980

Soil-cement mixtures involve problems in it's durability in grain size distribution and mineral composition of the used soils as well as in cement content, compaction energy, molding water content, and curing. As an attempt to solve the problems associated with durability of weathered granite soil with cement treated was investigated by conducting tests such as unconfined compression test, it's moisture, immers, wet-dry and freeze-thaw curing, mesurement of loss of weight with wet-dry and freeze-thaw by KS F criteria and CBR test with moisture curing on the five soil samples different in weathering and mineral composition. The experimental results are summarized as follows; The unconfined compressive strength was higher in moisture curing rather than in the immers and wet-dry, while it was lowest in freeze-thaw. Decreasing ratio of unconfined compressive strength in soil-cement mixtures were lowest in optimum moisture content or in the dry side rather than optimum moisture content with freeze-thaw. The highly significant ceofficient was obtained between the cement content and loss of weight with freeze-thaw and wet-dry. It was possible to obtain the durability of soil-cement mixtures, as the materials of base for roads, containing above 4 % of cement content, above 3Okg/cm$_2$ of unconfined compressive trength with seven days moisture curing or 12 cycle of freeze-thaw after it, above 100% of relative unconfined compressive strength, 80% of index of resistance, below 14% of loss of weight with 12 cycle of wet-dry and above 1. 80g/cm$_2$ of dry density.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.155-174
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• 2016

A total of 104 laboratory model tests on a square footing subjected to eccentrically inclined loads supported by sand reinforced with randomly distributed polypropylene fibers were conducted in order to compare the results with those obtained from unreinforced sand and with each other. For conducting the model tests, uniform sand was compacted in a test box at one particular relative density of compaction. The effect of percentage of reinforcement used, thickness of the reinforced layer, angle of inclination of load to vertical and eccentricity of load applied on various prominent factors such as ultimate load, vertical settlement, horizontal deformation and tilt were investigated. An improvement in ultimate load, vertical settlement, horizontal deformation and tilt of foundation was observed with an increase in the percentage of fibers used and thickness of reinforced sand layer under different inclinations and eccentricities of load. A statistical model using non-linear regression analysis based on present experimental data for predicting the vertical settlement ($s_p$), horizontal deformation ($hd_p$) and tilt ($t_p$) of square footing on reinforced sand at any load applied was done where the dependent variable was predicted settlement ($s_p$), horizontal deformation ($hd_p$) and tilt ($t_p$) respectively.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2015

In this study the laboratory test for hydraulic conductivity and the seepage analysis with finite element method on measurement section of sea dike embankment were performed for the purpose of estimating the relative density of embankment from the measured pore water pressures, and both results of the test and the analysis were coupled with the method of estimating seepage blocking state with the hydraulic head loss rate in sea dike embankment. The relationship of void ratio vs hydraulic head loss rate was obtained by setting hydraulic conductivity as common ordinate on the relationships between the void ratio and the hydraulic conductivity and between the hydraulic conductivity and the hydraulic head loss rate. The void ratio on the segment between measuring points was calculated from the coupled relationship of the void ratio vs the hydraulic conductivity. The allowable upper and lower limits of hydraulic head loss rate and those of void ratio on the safety were generated from the coupled relationship between the laboratory compaction test and the sedimentation test. Current hydraulic head loss rate and void ratio were evaluated in the allowable range between upper and lower limits.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.697-703
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• 2018

Compressive strength is one of the most important engineering properties of concrete, and testing of the compressive strength of concrete specimens is often costly and time consuming. In order to provide the time for concrete form removal, re-shoring to slab, project scheduling and quality control, it is necessary to predict the concrete strength based upon the early strength data. However, concrete compressive strength is affected by many factors, such as quality of raw materials, water cement ratio, ratio of fine aggregate to coarse aggregate, age of concrete, compaction of concrete, temperature, relative humidity and curing of concrete. The concrete compressive strength is a quite nonlinear function that changes depend on the materials used in the concrete and the time. This paper presents an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for the prediction of concrete compressive strength. The training of fuzzy system was performed by a hybrid method of gradient descent method and least squares algorithm, and the subtractive clustering algorithm (SCA) was utilized for optimizing the number of fuzzy rules. Experimental data on concrete compressive strength in the literature were used to validate and evaluate the performance of the proposed ANFIS model. Further, predictions from three models (the back propagation neural network model, the statistics model, and the ANFIS model) were compared with the experimental data. The results show that the proposed ANFIS model is a feasible, efficient, and accurate tool for predicting the concrete compressive strength.

• Composites Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2019

In this study, micro-sized and nano-sized pure aluminum (Al) powders were compressed by unidirectional pressure at room temperature. Although neither type of Al bulk was heated, they had a high relative density and improved mechanical properties. The microstructural analysis showed a difference in the process of densification according to particle size, and the mechanical properties were measured by the Vickers hardness test and the nano indentation test. The Vickers hardness of micro Al and nano Al fabricated in this study was five to eight times that of ordinary Al. The grain refinement effect was considered to be one of the strengthening factors, and the Hall-Petch equation was introduced to analyze the improved hardness caused by grain size reduction. In addition, the effect of particle size and dispersion of aluminum oxide in the bulk were additionally considered. Based on these results, the present study facilitates the examination of the effect of particle size on the mechanical properties of compacted bulk fabricated by the powder metallurgy method and suggests the possible way to improve the mechanical properties of nano-crystalline powders.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2009

In this study, alumina matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were fabricated by ultrasonic dispersion, ball milling, mixing, compaction, and sintering processes, and their relative density, electrical resistance, hardness, flexure strength, and fracture toughness were evaluated. 0~3 vol.% of CNTs were relatively homogeneously dispersed in the composites in spite of the existence of some pores. The three-point bending test results indicated that the flexure strength increased with increasing volume fraction of CNTs, and reached the maximum when the CNT fraction was 1.5 vol.%. The fracture toughness increased as the CNT fraction increased, and the fracture toughness of the composite containing 3 vol.% of CNTs was higher by 40% than that of the monolithic alumina. According to observation of the crack propagation path after the indentation fracture test, a new toughening mechanism of grain interface bridging-induced CNT bridging was suggested to explain the improvement of fracture toughness in the alumina matrix composites reinforced with CNTs.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.157-178
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• 1996

기존의 보강토벽체에 주로 이용되어온 steel strict등 고강도 인장보강재는 주변 뒤채움흙에 비해 상대적으로 변형이 작기 때문에, 설계검토시 과강재 자체에서 유발되는 변형의 크기에 대해서는 크게 유의할 필요가 없었다. 그러나 비교적 저강도인 섬유보강재의 경우, 한계상태에서 예상되는 섬유보강재 자체의 변형량은 주변 뒤채움흙의 소성변형 유발에 필요시 되는 변형량을 종종 초과하게 되며, 이와같은 크기의 과도한 변형량은 보강토벽체 구조체 자체의 안정성 확보 측면에서 허용할 수 없는 경우가 대부분이다. 결국 보증토벽체 구조체의 전면부 발생변위에 대한 일반적인 허용조건을 충족하기 위해서는, 극한강도 보다 훨씬 작은 크기의 강도가 섬유보강재의 경우 발휘하는 것으로 보아야 할 것이며, 따라서 최종적인 구조체 안정검토를 위해서는 보강재 자체의 예상변형량에 대한 평가가 섬유보강재의 경우 특히 중요시 된다. 보강재의 인장응력 -변형률 관계는 강보강재의 경우 선형탄성거동으로 가정할 수 있으나, 섬 유보강재의 경우에는 일반적으로 비 선형거동을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 쌍곡선 함수를 이용하여 섬유보강재의 비선형 거동특성을 모델링하였으며,또한 뒤채움흙 다짐으로 인한 유발응력등을 고려하기 위해 Ehrlich SE Mitchell, Duncan등이 제안한 방법을 수정하여 섬유 보강토벽체의 안정 해석법을 제시하였다. 본 안정 해석법 에서는 침투수압의 영향 및 뒤채움흙의 구속효과에 따른 섬유보강재의 부분적인 상대강성 변화 등을 고려하였으며, 이를 토대로 깊이별 각 섬유보 강재의 최대인장력 및 변형량 등의 예측이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 제시하리라 하는 안정해석법의 적용성을 위해, paraweb polyester fibre multicord, non-woven polyester 지오텍스타일 및 knitted polyester 지오그리드 등 3가지 종류 보강재의 인장응력-변형률 관계 실험결과를 회귀분석하여 쌍곡선 함수형태로 이와같은 섬유보 강재의 비선형거동을 모델링하였다. 또한 이를 토대로 한 븐 연구 해석법의 적합성 검토를 위해, Ho & Rowe가 제시한 유한요소해석결과 및 LCPC, FHWA등에서 시행한 시험결과와 깊이별 각 섬유보강재의 최대인장력,변형량 및 지점별 변형률 등에 대해서도 비교하였다. 아울러 섬유 보강재의 상대강성, 뒤채움흙의 깊이별 구속효과의 정도, 다짐정도 및 침투수압 등이 각 섬유보강재의 변형량 및 전체적인 변형형태 등에 미치는 영향을 종합적으로 분석하였다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 FNS의 공학적 특성을 평가하고, 소형 및 대형 모형토조를 통하여 원지반과 유사한 조건으로 FNS 매립시에 주변토양에 미치는 환경적 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 주입액은 담수, 산성, 해수를 사용하였으며 모래와 실트시료를 사용하여 각각 상대밀도(40%, 60%)와 다짐도(90%) 조건을 선정하여 실험하였다. 소형 및 대형 모형토조에서 배출되는 용출액은 pH 분석을 실시하였으며, 주입이 완료된 후에 샘플을 추출하여 토양오염분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 모래보다 실트에서 pH의 오염도가 더 높게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었고, FNS가 주변 토양에 미치는 환경적 영향은 미미한 것으로 나타나 향후 천연골재 대체재로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.