• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2020

Today, the use of special technologies in the admixture of concrete has made tremendous progress, but the problem that has always existed in the construction of concrete members is the brittleness and lack of loading bearing after cracking, which leads to reduced strength and energy absorption. One of the best ways to fix this is to reinforce the concrete with steel fibers. Steel fibers also control cracks due to dry shrinkage, reduce structural crack width, and improve impact resistance. In this study, recycled steel fibers from worn tires have been used in the manufacture of concrete samples, the secondary benefits of which are the reduction of environmental pollution. One of the disadvantages of steel fiber reinforced concrete is the corrosion of steel fibers and their deterioration in harsh environments such as coastal areas. Corrosion caused by chlorine ions in metal fibers causes deterioration and early decommissioning of structures in corrosive environments. In this study, the effect of the dosage of steel fibers (dosages of 15, 30, and 45 kg of fibers per cubic meter of concrete) and aspect ratio of fibers (aspect ratio of 25 and 50) on compressive and flexural strength of concrete samples are investigated. In the following, the effect of fiber corrosion on the results of the mechanical properties of concrete samples is examined. The results show that the increase in fiber causes a relative increase in compressive strength, and a significant increase in flexural strength, and corrosion of steel fibers without reducing workability reduces compressive strength and flexural strength by up to 6 to 11%, respectively.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1157-1182
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• 2016

A newly puzzle shape of crestbond rib shear connector is a type of ductile perfobond rib shear connector. This shear connector has some advantages, including relatively easy rebar installation and cutting, as well as the higher shear resistance strength. Thus, this study proposed a newly puzzle shape of crestbond rib with a "${\mho}$" shape, and its shear resistance behaviors and shear strengths were examined using push-out tests. Five main parameters were considered in the push-out specimens to evaluate the effects of shear resistance parameters such as the dimensions of the crestbond rib, transverse rebars in the crestbond dowel, concrete strength, rebar strength, and dowel action on the shear strength. The shear loading test results were used to compare the changes in the shear behaviors, failure modes, and shear strengths. It was found that the concrete strength and number of transverse rebars in the crestbond rib were significantly related to its shear resistance. After the initial bearing resistance behavior of the concrete dowel, a relative slip occurred in all the specimens. However, its rigid behavior to shear loading decreased the ductility of the shear connection. The cross-sectional area of the crestbond rib was also shown to have a minor effect on the shear resistance of the crestbond rib shear connector. The failure mechanism of the crestbond rib shear connector was complex, and included compression, shear, and tension. As a failure mode, a crack was initiated in the middle of the concrete slab in a vertical direction, and propagated with increasing shear load. Then, horizontal cracks occurred and propagated to the front and rear faces of the specimens. Based on the results of this study, a design shear strength equation was proposed and compared with previously suggested equations.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2005

대구경 현장타설말뚝에 대하여 하중전이 측정을 수반한 정재하시험, 동재하시험 및 유한차분해석을 수행하여 주면 마찰력 거동특성에 대한 연구를 실시한다. 주면 마찰력은 말뚝과 지반의 상대변위와 직접적으로 관계되므로 임의의 심도에서 측정한 말뚝의 하중전이량과 유한차분해석에 의한 주면지반의 변위와 응력을 이용하여 거동특성을 분석한다. 하중전이측정결과에 의하면 현장타설말뚝 주면을 따라 발휘되는 극한단위주면 마찰력은 중간 깊이인 모래자갈층과 자갈층 상부에서 먼저 나타난다. 또한 동일한 현장타설말뚝에 대하여 동재하시험과 정재하시험을 실시한 결과 주면 마찰력과 선단지지력의 거동특성이 상이하게 평가되었으며, 그 차이점에 대하여 논의한다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.148-161
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• 1997

Based on the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and M ssbauer spectroscopy, the thermal behavior and phase transformations of two clays are investigated for raw and fired conditions, which are collected from Kwangryeongli and Ildo district in Cheju Island. M ssbauer spectra at room temperature and 20for two clays show that paramagnetic Fe3- is the structural iron of the layer silicate and ferrihydrite, and superparamagnetic goethite has about 50% of total iron contents. The XRD peaks of hematite for the fired clays appear from 80$0^{\circ}C$ in Kwangryeongli clay and from $600^{\circ}C$ in Ildo district clay, respectively. The structural Fe2+ was completely oxidized into Fe3- at 40$0^{\circ}C$ for Kwangryeongli clay and 50$0^{\circ}C$~$600^{\circ}C$ for Ildo district clay, respectively. The structural Fe2+ was completely oxidized into Fe3- at 40$0^{\circ}C$. For the temperature ranging from 40$0^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$~80$0^{\circ}C$, two fired clays exhibit the dehydroxylation of the clay mineral. A disintegration of the clay mineral structure is observed from $700^{\circ}C$~80$0^{\circ}C$ to 110$0^{\circ}C$, followed by the onset and spread of vitrification process. It is also shown that well-crystallized hematite phase is formed at the temperature higher than 110$0^{\circ}C$ and the relative absorption area decreases, which might be related to the recrystallization of alluminosilicate matrix.

• 한국실천공학교육학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

건축교육의 궁극적 목적은 아름답고 안전한 건축물을 기능적으로 잘 설계하고 시공하는 것에 있다고 볼 수 있다. 그러한 측면에서 건축교육에 있어서 설계와 시공은 비록 서로 다른 영역으로 분리되어 있지만 그것은 단계적 구분에 불과하다. 따라서 건축을 교육하는 대학에서도 이러한 두 영역을 접목하는 교과과정을 프로그램으로 개발하여야 필요가 있으며, 스틸하우스 교육은 그러한 목적에 가장 적합하다고 할 수 있다. 한국기술교육대학교 건축공학부에서는 이러한 측면에서 지난 10년 전부터 스틸하우스 교육을 시행하였고, 건축학과 건축공학 전공이 분리된 이후에도 두 전공의 공통 교과목으로 운영하였다. 일반적으로 단기간에 이루어지는 스틸하우스 교육과정이 단순작업을 위주로 편성되어 있는 것에 반하여 대학에서의 교육 프로그램은 이론과 설계 교육 프로그램을 추가하여 졸업 이후 단순작업자가 아닌 중간관리자(실천기술공학자)로서의 역할을 담당할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구에서는 대학교에서 스틸하우스 교육프로그램을 효과적으로 운영하기 위한 지침이 될 수 있도록 교과편성과 프로그램 구성 및 운영에 관한 내용을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 터널굴착과 지히수의 상호작용이 터널의 거동에 미치는 영향에 대한 내용을 다루었다. 이를 위해 먼저 터널 굴착으로 인해 지하수유동이 발생하는 구간에서의 설계주안점을 고찰하였으며 서울지역의 지하철 건설시 접하는 일반적인 지반조건에 시공되는 가상의 터널조건에 대해 응력-간극수압 연계해석을 이용한 매개변수 연구를 수행하였다. 매개변수 연구 결과를 토대로 지하수 유동에 따른 막장거통 및 지표변위 특성을 고찰하였으며 터널-지히수 상호작용 관점에서 지반/라이닝 투수성에 따른 솟크리트 라이닝 응력 발생 경향을 고찰하였다. 검토결과 터널-지히수 상호작용은 지표침하량 및 변위를 증가시키며 솟크리트 라이닝 축력을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 솟크리트 축력은 지반과 솟크리트 라이닝의 상대적 투수성에 좌우되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 종합하여 설계시 고려하여야 할 주안점을 제시하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.617-628
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• 2018

Steel shear wall possesses priority over many of the current lateral load-bearing systems due to reasons like higher elastic stiffness, desirable ductility and energy absorption, convenience in construction and implementation technology, and economic criteria. Besides these advantages, this system causes increase in the dimensions of other structural elements due to its high stiffness as one of its intrinsic characteristics. One of the methods for stiffness reduction is perforating the wall panel and creating openings in the wall that can also be used as windows or ducts in buildings service period. The aim of the present study is probing the appropriate geometric shape and location of opening to fulfil economic criterion plus technical and seismic design criteria. In the present research, a number of possible while reasonable opening shapes and locations are defined in various sizes for some steel shear wall specimens. The specimens are modelled in ABAQUS finite elements software and analyzed using nonlinear pushover analysis. Finally, the analyses' results are reported as force-displacement diagrams and the strength, the initial stiffness and the energy absorption are calculated for all specimens and compared together. The obtained results show that both shape and location of the openings affect the seismic parameters of the shear wall. The specimens in which the openings are further from the center and closer to the columns possess higher stiffness and strength while the specimens in which the openings are closer to the center show more considerable changes in their seismic parameters in response to increase in opening area.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.245-248
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• 1997

Excessive stress on the bone-stem interface may cause local micromotion that could produce midthigh pain, interface bone resorption and prevent bony ingrowth. It is important for clinician and prosthetic designer to develop an understanding of the load transfer mechanism, its associated stress pattern and its relationships with the particular mechanical characteristics of the femoral stem designs. Finite element method (FEM) is preeminently suited to provide information in this respect. The authors developed 3-dimensional numerical finite element models implanted with the straight stem which is composed of total 1170 elements of 8 nodes and with the curved stem which is composed of total 885 elements of 8 node, and analysed the relative micromotions between the straight stem and the curved stem in immediate postoperative stage of an uncemented total hip replacement in load simulating the single leg stance. The results showed that the rotational displacement was occupied over 90% of total micromotion in both types of stem and was peak at the proximal medial portion of the stem, but markedly less distally. The curved stem was more stable especially in terms of rotational stability. It is recommended that surgeons do not allow the patient weight bearing until bony ingrowth was achieved. In the future more attention should be drawn to increase initial rotational stability of the two types of femoral stem to prevent loosening from excessive micromotion.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 1999

흔한 토양구성 광물인 일라이트(illite), 카올린 광물의 일종인 할로이사이트(halloysite), 제올라이트(clinoptilolite), 침철석(goethite)을 흡착제로 사용하여 산성용액 중에 존재하는 중금속원소들의 흡착특성을 비교하여 검토하였다. 금속원소의 흡착반응은 반응시간과 광물종에 따라서 다양한 특성을 보여 준다. 1주 또는 2주 동안 반응한 용액과 초기 용액간에는 존재하는 화학종들의 변화는 거의 없는데, 이는 개개의 원소들의 화학종의 변화를 수반하지 않으면서 처음의 상태와 비슷한 비율로 진행되고 있음을 나타낸다. 모든 광물에서 흡착되어 제거율이 가장 높은 원소는 Fe와 As이며 흡착반응은 광물의 종류와 중금속원소의 종류에 따라서 다양하지만 1시간 내에 대부분 일어난다. 중금속흡착은 전체적으로 보면 할로이사이트가 가장 효과적인 흡착능력을 보여준다. 한편 알칼리원소의 흡착은 수화반경에 의하여 예측되는 경향을 잘 따르지 않는다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2006

This study was carried out to evaluate the mechano-sorptive deflection of shear creep of drift pin jointed solid wood. Specimens were the solid wood of Pinus densiflora. The joint was composed with steel plate and drift pin, 85mm in length and 10mm in diameter. The creep tests were conducted under the constant loads in an variable environment. Five different shearing loads were applied parallel to the grain of specimens. The shearing loads applied were 170, 340, 510, 680 and 850 kgf. The stress levels were 10, 20, and 30, 40 and 50% of the bearing strength obtained from the tension-type lateral strength test. The creep tests for specimens were carried out for 10300 hours. A few general conclusions could be drawn from this study: The mechano-sorptive deflection (${\delta}$ ms) is defined as ${\delta}\;ms={\delta}\;t-({\delta}\;c+{\delta}\;sh)-{\delta}\;o$, where ${\delta}$ t is the total deflection, ${\delta}$ c is the pure creep, ${\delta}$ sh is shrinkage-swelling behavior, and ${\delta}$ o is the initial deflection. Changes of relative humidity may cause more severe creep deflection than those of constant humidity, especially during the drying process. The mechano-sorptive behaviors of specimens, except the effects of shrinkage and swelling, gradually increased with increasing time. The deflection is increased in desorption process and recovered in adsorption process. The deflections of drift pin jointed solid wood under different loads showed almost same tendency in all specimens. Although the creep deflection tendencies of each series are very similar, the specimens subjected to a large shearing load exhibit large creep deflections in the desorption process than do those to the small shearing load specimens.