• Title/Summary/Keyword: Relative Interval

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Identification and Functional Analysis of a Major QTL and Related Genes for Tiller Angle in Rice Using QTL Analysis

  • Dan-Dan Zhao;Kyung-Min Kim
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.280-280
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    • 2022
  • Tiller angle, defined as the angle between the main stem and its side tillers, is one of the main target traits selected inbreeding to achieve the ideal plant type and increase rice yield. Therefore, the discovery and identification of tiller angle-related genes can provide architecture and yield. In the present work, using QTL analysis hence a total of 8 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected based on the phenotype data of tiller angle and tiller crown width in two years. Among them, four QTLs (qTA9, qCW9, qTA9-1, qCW9-1) were overlapped at marker interval RM6235-RM24288 on chromosome 9 with a large effect value regarded as stable major QTL. Twenty tiller angle-related genes were selected from the target region and the relative gene expression levels were checked in five compact type lines, five spreading type lines, and their parental lines. Finally, OsSA URq9 which belongs auxin-responsive SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) protein family was selected as a target gene. Overall, this work will help broaden our understanding of the genetic control of tiller angle and tiller crown width, and this study provides both a good theoretical basis and a new genetic resource for the breeding of ideal-type rice.

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Effect of oral health on depression : an analysis of the 2021 Korea Community Health Survey (한국 성인의 구강건강 특성과 우울의 관련성 : 2021년 지역사회건강조사 자료분석)

  • Ae-Ri Shin
    • Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.395-402
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors related to oral health and depression in Korean adults and contribute to the development of a mental health program to improve depression through oral health management. Methods: Data was obtained from the 2021 Korean Community Health Survey. The chi-square test was used to determine the differences in depression experience relative to general participant characteristics and their oral health. To determine the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, multiple logistic regression analysis was used. All statistical analyses were performed using the SAS software (version 9.4). Results: The results suggest that depression may be influenced by gender, age, household generation, drinking habits, subjective health level, moderate to high exercise, breakfast, high blood pressure, diabetes, subjective oral health level, chewing discomfort, and tooth brushing. An increasing level of depression was associated with decreasing subjective oral health level (1.34 times), uncomfortable chewing (3.08 times), and frequency of toothbrushing after lunch or before going to bed (1.23 times and 1.58 times, respectively). Conclusions: Our study confirmed a close relationship between oral health and mental health. In developing health programs for improving depression, appropriate oral health care should be considered.

Outcomes of thin versus thick-wire snares for cold snare polypectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Suprabhat Giri;Vaneet Jearth;Harish Darak;Sridhar Sundaram
    • Clinical Endoscopy
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    • v.55 no.6
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    • pp.742-750
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    • 2022
  • Background/Aims: Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is commonly used for the resection of colorectal polyps ≤10 mm. Data regarding the influence of snare type on CSP effectiveness are conflicting. Hence, this meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes and safety of thin- and thick-wire snares for CSP. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature published between 2000 and 2021 was performed of various databases for comparative studies evaluating the outcomes of thin- versus thick-wire snares for CSP. Results: Five studies with data on 1,425 polyps were included in the analysis. The thick-wire snare was comparable to the thin-wire snare with respect to complete histological resection (risk ratio [RR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.09), overall bleeding (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.40-2.40), polyp retrieval (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.04), and involvement of submucosa in the resection specimen (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.72-2.28). There was no publication bias and a small study effect, and the relative effects remained the same in the sensitivity analysis. Conclusions: CSP using a thin-wire snare has no additional benefit over thick-wire snares in small colorectal polyps. Factors other than snare design may play a role in improving CSP outcomes.

The Variations of Stratospheric Ozone over the Korean Peninsula 1985~2009 (한반도 상공의 오존층 변화 1985~2009)

  • Park, Sang Seo;Kim, Jhoon;Cho, Nayeong;Lee, Yun Gon;Cho, Hi Ku
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.349-359
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    • 2011
  • The climatology in stratospheric ozone over the Korean Peninsula, presented in previous studies (e.g., Cho et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2005), is updated by using daily and monthly data from satellite and ground-based data through December 2009. In addition, long-term satellite data [Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), 1979~2009] have been also analyzed in order to deduce the spatial distributions and temporal variations of the global total ozone. The global average of total ozone (1979~2009) is 298 DU which shows a minimum of about 244 DU in equatorial latitudes and increases poleward in both hemispheres to a maximum of about 391 DU in Okhotsk region. The recent period, from 2006 to 2009, shows reduction in total ozone by 6% relative to the values for the pre-1980s (1979~1982). The long-term trends were estimated by using a multiple linear regression model (e.g., WMO, 1999; Cho et al., 2003) including explanatory variables for the seasonal variation, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and solar cycle over three different time intervals: a whole interval from 1979 to 2009, the former interval from 1979 to 1992, and the later interval from 1993 to 2009 with a turnaround point of deep minimum in 1993 is related to the effect of Mt. Pinatubo eruption. The global trend shows -0.93% $decade^{-1}$ for the whole interval, whereas the former and the later interval trends amount to -2.59% $decade^{-1}$ and +0.95% $decade^{-1}$, respectively. Therefore, the long-term total ozone variations indicate that there are positive trends showing a recovery sign of the ozone layer in both North/South hemispheres since around 1993. Annual mean total ozone (1985~2009) is distributed from 298 DU for Jeju ($33.52^{\circ}N$) to 352 DU for Unggi ($42.32^{\circ}N$) in almost zonally symmetric pattern over the Korean Peninsula, with the latitudinal gradient of 6 DU $degree^{-1}$. It is apparent that seasonal variability of total ozone increases from Jeju toward Unggi. The annual mean total ozone for Seoul shows 323 DU, with the maximum of 359 DU in March and the minimum of 291 DU in October. It is found that the day to day variability in total ozone exhibits annual mean of 5.7% in increase and -5.2% in decrease. The variability as large as 38.4% in increase and 30.3% in decrease has been observed, respectively. The long-term trend analysis (e.g., WMO, 1999) of monthly total ozone data (1985~2009) merged by satellite and ground-based measurements over the Korean Peninsula shows increase of 1.27% $decade^{-1}$ to 0.80% $decade^{-1}$ from Jeju to Unggi, respectively, showing systematic decrease of the trend magnitude with latitude. This study also presents a new analysis of ozone density and trends in the vertical distribution of ozone for Seoul with data up to the end of 2009. The mean vertical distributions of ozone show that the maximum value of the ozone density is 16.5 DU $km^{-1}$ in the middle stratospheric layer between 24 km and 28 km. About 90.0% and 71.5% of total ozone are found in the troposphere and in the stratosphere between 15 and 33 km, respectively. The trend analysis reconfirms the previous results of significant positive ozone trend, of up to 5% $decade^{-1}$, in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere (0~24 km), with negative trend, of up to -5% $decade^{-1}$, in the stratosphere (24~38 km). In addition, the Umkehr data show a positive trend of about 3% $decade^{-1}$ in the upper stratosphere (38~48 km).

A Study on the Settlement Characteristics of Fill Dam (FILL DAM의 침하특성(沈下特性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Moon, Tae Wan;Kang, Yea Mook
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.282-291
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    • 1985
  • In order to investigate the settlement characteristics of fill dam with decomposed granite is used as a embankment material instead of conventional clay collected behavoir of Andong dam and analyzed. Andong dam is the use of decomposed granite in the embankment material, and various type of gauges were installed in dam to measure a pore pressure, interval vertical settlement, dam crest settlement, relative settlement, surface settlement and internal horizontal movement. The results were summerized as follows; 1. With the increase of embankment loading, the settlement of core zone during construction increased with linear and under the effective stress $7kg/cm^2$ vertical settlement ratio ranged between 0.1 and 0.8% approximately and showed smaller value than that of fill dam with clay were used as a embankment material. 2. Though embankment loading was increased with about over central part of embankment height, the settlement of core zone in the lower part of the embankment was influenced slightly. 3. Pore pressure responsed sensitively with the increase of coefficient of permeability in core zone and settlement increased with pore pressure were dispersed. 4. During construction relative settlement in the lower part of the embankment has the largest influence on magnitude of the relative density and after construction settlement showed larger value in the core zone which has the largest compression height. 5. Settlement distribution of dam crest showed larger value in the central part, maximum section of dam, but smaller value in near the abutment.

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PM10 β-ray attenuation samplers (β-ray absorption method) equivalence evaluation and comparatively observed study (PM10 연속자동측정기(β-ray) 등가성평가 및 비교관측 연구)

  • WonSeok Jung;Hee-Jung Ko;Wonick Seo;Jiyoung Jeong;Sang Min Oh;Kyung-On Boo
    • Particle and aerosol research
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.13-20
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    • 2023
  • The Asian dust observation network operates β-ray attenuation samplers to measure PM10 concentrations. In addition, equivalence evaluation and accuracy inspection(Precision Tests) are conducted every year for the reliability of data. β-ray attenuation samplers(16 units) were comparatively observed from May to June 2020 and from July to December 2021. During the observation period, the average daily temperature was the lowest at 6.4℃ in December and the highest at 27.3℃ in August. The average daily humidity ranged from 60% to 100%, but the average daily humidity was over 75% from July to September. The minimum value of the PM10 Gravimetric method was 5.0 ㎍/m3, the maximum value was 53.4 ㎍/m3, and the average value was 17.8 ㎍/m3. The equivalence evaluation results of the PM10 Gravimetric method and β-ray attenuation samplers satisfied the criteria (slope: 1±0.1, intercept: 0±0.5). A relative error analysis between the PM10 Gravimetric method and β-ray attenuation samplers equipment showed that the relative error increased when the concentration was low and the temperature and humidity were high. In addition, in the β-ray attenuation samplers 5-minute interval observation data in May 2020, a relatively large Standard devication was shown as an average maximum ±23.4 ㎍/m3 and a minimum ±15.2 ㎍/m3. At standard deviations of 10% and 90%, equipment with high variability (deviation) was measured at 6 ㎍/m3and 61 ㎍/m3, and equipment with low variability was measured at 12 ㎍/m3 and 47 ㎍/m3. It was confirmed that concentration differences occurred due to differences in variability for each equipment.

Famine exposure in early life and type 2 diabetes in adulthood: findings from prospective studies in China

  • Feng Ning ;Jing Zhao ;Lei Zhang ;Weijing Wang ;Xiaohui Sun ;Xin Song ;Yanlei Zhang ;Hualei Xin ;Weiguo Gao;Ruqin Gao ;Dongfeng Zhang ;Zengchang Pang
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.780-788
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    • 2023
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between famine exposure in early life and the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood during the 1959-1961 Chinese Famine. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 3,418 individuals aged 35-74 years free of diabetes from two studies in 2006 and 2009 were followed up prospectively in 2009 and 2012, respectively. Famine exposure was classified as unexposed (individuals born in 1962-1978), fetal exposed (individuals born in 1959-1961), child exposed (individuals born in 1949-1958), and adolescent/adult exposed (born in 1931-1948). A logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between famine exposure and diabetes after adjustment for potential covariates. RESULTS: During a three-year follow-up, the age-adjusted incidence rates of type 2 diabetes were 5.7%, 14.5%, 12.7%, and 17.8% in unexposed, fetal-exposed, child-exposed, and adolescent/adult-exposed groups, respectively (P < 0.01). Relative to the unexposed group, the relative risks (95% confidence interval) for diabetes were 2.15 (1.29-3.60), 1.53 (0.93-2.51), and 1.65 (0.75-3.63) in the fetal-exposed, child-exposed, and adolescent/adult-exposed groups, after controlling for potential covariates. The interactions between famine exposure and obesity, education level, and family history of diabetes were not observed, except for the urbanization type. Individuals living in rural areas with fetal and childhood famine exposure were at a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, with relative risks of 8.79 (1.82-42.54) and 2.33 (1.17-4.65), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that famine exposure in early life is an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes, particularly in women. Early identification and intervention may help prevent diabetes in later life.

Growth Characteristics of Common Ice Plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) on Nutrient Solution, Light Intensity and Planting Distance in Closed-type Plant Production System (완전제어형 식물 생산 시스템에서 배양액, 광도 및 재식거리에 따른 Common Ice Plant의 생육 특성)

  • Cha, Mi-Kyung;Park, Kyoung Sub;Cho, Young-Yeol
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.89-94
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to determine the optimum nutrient solution, pH, irrigation interval, light intensity and planting density to growth of common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) in a closed-type plant production system. Three-band radiation type fluorescent lamps with a 12-h photoperiod were used. Nutrient film technique systems with three layers were used for the plant growth system. Environmental conditions, such as air temperature, relative humidity and $CO_2$ concentration were controlled by an ON/OFF operation. Treatments were comparison of the nutrient solution of Horticultural Experiment Station in Japan (NHES) and the nutrient solution of Jeju National University (NJNU), pH 6.0 and 7.0, irrigation interval 5 min and 10 min, light intensity 90 and $180{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, and within-row spacing 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm and 25 cm with between-row spacing 15 cm. Optimum macronutrients were composed N 7.65, P 0.65, K 4.0, Ca 1.6 and Mg $1.0mM{\cdot}L^{-1}$. There were no significant interactions between pH 6.0 and 7.0 about shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight of common ice plant. Irrigation interval 5 min and 10 min was also the same result. Shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight were highest at $180{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. Shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight were decreased according to increasing the planting density. From the above results, we concluded that optimum nutrient solution, optimum levels of pH, irrigation interval, light intensity and planting density were 6.0-7.0 and 10 min, $180{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and $15{\times}15cm$, respectively for growth of common ice plant in a closed-type plant production system.

Recent Advances in Amino Acid and Energy Nutrition of Prolific Sows - Review -

  • Boyd, R.D.;Touchette, K.J.;Castro, G.C.;Johnston, M.E.;Lee, K.U.;Han, In K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.13 no.11
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    • pp.1638-1652
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    • 2000
  • Prolific females require better nutrition and feeding practice because of larger litter size and the substantial decline in body fat. Life-time pig output will be compromised if body protein and fat are not properly managed. First litter females are especially vulnerable because they can loose ${\geq}15%$ of whole-body protein. Conservation of body protein mass during first lactation minimizes wean to estrus interval and increases second litter size (up to 1.2 pigs). The ability to influence litter-size by amino acid nutrition is a new dimension in our understanding. A P2 fat depth below 12 mm at farrow and below 10 mm at wean compromised wean to estrus interval (>2 d) and next litter size (0.5 to 1.5 pigs) in sows. It is now clear that a 'modest' excess of feed during the first 72 h of pregnancy decreases embryo viability so that the potential for an increased litter size at birth is not realized. The capacity for milk production by prolific young sows is 25% higher than the standard used previously (NRC, 1988). First litter females averaged 9.82 kg milk/d for a 21 d lactation. Second and third litter counterparts averaged 10.35 kg/d. Milk production was 95% of peak by 10 d of lactation and sows were in greatest negative energy and lysine balance during the first 6 d. Nearly 45% of the total loss in body protein occurred within the first 6 d, but this could reduced to 30-35% by using a more aggressive feeding strategy after parturition. There appear to be 2 phases in lactation for lysine need (d 2-12 vs 12-21). Feeding to the higher level alleviates the second litter size decline. The lysine requirement for lactation can be predicted with accuracy, but we are not able to predict the second limiting amino acid. Mammary uptake of valine relative to lysine and recent work with practical diets suggest that the recent NRC (1998) pattern is realistic and that threonine and valine could be co-limiting for corn-soy diets for prolific sows nursing 10-11 pigs. Empirical studies are needed to refine the ideal pattern so that synthetic lysine can be used with more confidence. Milk fat output for the elite sow is extraordinary and poses an unnecessarily high energetic cost. Methods that reduce mammary fat synthesis will benefit the sow and may enhance piglet growth.

Study on Enhancement of TRANSGUIDE Outlier Filter Method under Unstable Traffic Flow for Reliable Travel Time Estimation -Focus on Dedicated Short Range Communications Probes- (불안정한 교통류상태에서 TRANSGUIDE 이상치 제거 기법 개선을 통한 교통 통행시간 예측 향상 연구 -DSRC 수집정보를 중심으로-)

  • Khedher, Moataz Bellah Ben;Yun, Duk Geun
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.249-257
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    • 2017
  • Filtering the data for travel time records obtained from DSRC probes is essential for a better estimation of the link travel time. This study addresses the major deficiency in the performance of TRANSGUIDE in removing anomalous data. This algorithm is unable to handle unstable traffic flow conditions for certain time intervals, where fluctuations are observed. In this regard, this study proposes an algorithm that is capable of overcoming the weaknesses of TRANSGUIDE. If TRANSGUIDE fails to validate sufficient number of observations inside one time interval, another process specifies a new validity range based on the median absolute deviation (MAD), a common statistical approach. The proposed algorithm suggests the parameters, ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$, to consider the maximum allowed outlier within a one-time interval to respond to certain traffic flow conditions. The parameter estimation relies on historical data because it needs to be updated frequently. To test the proposed algorithm, the DSRC probe travel time data were collected from a multilane highway road section. Calibration of the model was performed by statistical data analysis through using cumulative relative frequency. The qualitative evaluation shows satisfactory performance. The proposed model overcomes the deficiency associated with the rapid change in travel time.