• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1116-1122
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• 2012

Many researches predicted the linear relationship between discretionary expenditure and sales amount in manufacturing companies. We review their relationship based on financial reports of KOSDAQ and KOSPI listed companies in category of non-durable goods. Also we review the relationship between expenditure on intangible capital and sales amount in aviation service and related manufacturing firms. Identified manufacturing firms showed linear relationship between R&D expenditure and sales amount. On the contrary, aviation service and related manufacturing companies do not have linear relationship between expenditure on intangible capital and sales, while their general management and sales expenditure has linear relationship with sales. It shows aviation service and related manufacturing company keep advertising or R&D related expenditure as sales revenue decreases, while manufacturing companies of non-durable goods has a tendency to reduce it as sales revenue decreases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.104-108
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• 2000

The paper sets the goal as understanding relationship between usability and subjective preference with the cross- cultural comparison between korea and Japan. Total 42 Korean and japanese housewives participated in the experiment where subjects evaluated their subjective preferences on 16 different variations of computer-simulated microwave ovens. In additions, subjects also performed usability testing over 9 different microwave ovens with 6 different tasks given to users. Subjective preferences and usability were analyzed by Conjoint analysis to identify relative importance of features. The results showed that, in case of Korean subjects, subjective preference has positive relationship with usability (i.e. aesthetically good product also showed better performance in usability testing).However, Japanese subjects showed the tendency that subjectively preferred products are not necessarily evaluated good in usability testing (i.e. god aesthetic is one thing and high usability is another). this difference leads the speculation that culture plays a role in balancing the relationship between aesthetic and functionality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.80-84
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• 2009

This paper investigates the relationship between the compression ratio and the gamut area for a reconstructed image when using JPEG and JPEG2000. Eighteen color samples from the Macbeth ColorChecker are initially used to analyze the relationship between the compression ratio and the color bleeding phenomenon, i.e. the hue and chroma shifts in the a*b* color plane. In addition, twelve natural color images, divided into two groups depending on four color attributes, are also used to investigate the relationship between the compression ratio and the variation in the gamut area. For each image group, the gamut area for the reconstructed image shows an overall tendency to increase when increasing the compression ratio, similar to the experimental results with the Macbeth ColorChecker samples. However, with a high compression ratio, the gamut area decreases due to the mixture of adjacent colors, resulting in more grey.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.3 s.38
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• pp.703-713
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• 1992

Researches in pathologic entities and syndromes that describe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) or TMJ-related pain and dysfunction, have been hampered by confusion and conflict over the pathogenesis of myofascial and joint pain, the character and causes of joint noises, and the lack of scientific methods. Investigators have more recently correlated clinical diagnosis and arthrographic and surgical findings to demonstrate 'internal derangements' of the TMJ. It is thought that the structural and functional changes characteristic of internal derangements constitute the principal pathologic entity of the TMJ. Cephalometric data from a group of 34 subjects with documented functional changes in the TMJ were compared with those of a group of 35 subjects from a control sample. The results were as follows: 1. Comparison of a group which shows Class I relationship, there was a tendency to show clock-wise rotation of mandible and linguoversion of upper and lower anterior teeth in the experimental sample. 2. Excluding the vertical relationship, there was a tendency to show low values of the lingual surface slope of the upper central incisor and high values of the interincisor angle in the experimental sample.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1981

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the food habit and the health status. For this Purpose, 709 junior and senior high school teachers were studied by the questionnaire sheets; one was for the food habit and the other was for health complaints. (the standarized questionnaire designated Todai Health Index.) The results obtained were as follows, 1) Mean score of the food habit was 10.99 in males and 12.17 in females. The balanced dietary intake was associated with the ideal body weight. 2) In males and females with low food habit score than in those with high food habit score, THI point in sufferings, digestive organs, straight-forwardness, depression and life irregularity were higher. In males with low food habit score, THI point in nervousness was higher. In females with low food habit score, THI point in respiratory organs was higher. On the contrary the male subjects with high food habit score showed higher THI point in vanity and the female subjects with high feed habit score shewed higher THI point in vanity and nervousness. 3) Persons living alone showed a high tendency to eating away from home and to having low score of food habit. 4) Persons with low food habit score showed a high tendency to eating instant foods and considered themselves having poor health status.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.4 s.66
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• pp.91-100
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• 2006

The contemporary consumer's fashion retail shops are becoming diverse in function and sensitivity while keeping in mind the effects of consumer's lifestyles according to changing fashions. Recently, external changes and expressive characteristics have become symbolic in retail fashion shops. This reinforces the importance of the skin, which is becoming image-sensitive and increasingly important. Therefore, this thesis will study the relationship between expressive tendency and skin in fashion retail shops by distinguishing the characteristics of a skin historically as well by categorizing the four brands from flagship stores which have introduced brand identity and an exceptional expressiveness of skin into types of form and space.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1030-1041
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to identify the sub-dimensions of consumers' attitude and types of loyalty behavior toward fashion brands, and to analyze the influence of consumers' brand attitudes on brand loyalty. A survey was conducted with the questionnaire for consumer's buying experience of fashion brand. A total of 350 questionnaires were distributed, and 341 complete responses were analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and multi-group analysis were used for data analysis. The results of this study were as follows. First, the consumers' brand attitude consisted of four sub-dimensions of affective, familiar, value-expressive, and utilitarian attitude. Second, each brand attitude significantly influenced the brand loyalty behavior(single-brand loyalty, multi-brand loyalty, and brand switching). Finally, the causal relationship between brand attitude and brand loyalty differed by consumer's variety seeking tendency.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.101-111
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• 2023

Purpose: The first purpose of this study is deriving in-store characteristics that affect the experience of customers using unmanned stores and reveals the value of major services that customers feel and experience. Also, an empirical analysis is conducted on the effect of intelligent consumption value after using unmanned stores on consumption emotions and continuous use intention, and the modulating effect of customers' untact tendency on environmental characteristics and the value of intelligent services is verified. Research design, data and methodology: Samples were taken from 186 people who visited the unmanned store from April to June 2022 to investigate the research model. Results: It was found that the environmental characteristics of unmanned stores had a positive effect on the intelligent service value. Also, the higher the value of intelligent service, the stronger the influence on consumption emotions, and the higher the value of the intelligence service and consumption emotions, the stronger the impact on the intention to use intention. The untact propensity played a role in controlling the relationship between ease of using technology and the intelligent service value and the relationship between spatial arrangement and functionality and intelligent service value. Conclusion: In order to improve unmanned store service in the trend of spreading unmanned stores, it is necessary to not only improve the technology using convenience in terms of store environmental characteristics but also create innovative consumption experiences in terms of space layout, function, and convenience of payment.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.75-92
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• 2013

Objectives : The objective of this study is to investigate various factors concerning Hwa-byung Methods : The research for various factors of Hwa-Byung was carried out for 686 female Participants. Hwa-Byung was diagnosed by Hwa-Byung Diagnostic Interview Schedule (HBDIS). Results : The rate of Past History about Chronic Bronchitis, Peptic Ulcer, Chronic Hepatitis/Hepatic Cirrhosis, Allergy, Arthritis, Hyperlipidemia is high in the Hwa-Byung group compared with the Control group. In the study of external environments, Hwa-Byung has tendency diagnosed in monthly income under 2,000,000 won, doing regular occupation, marriage, below graduation from high school. In the study of personal relationship, Hwa-Byung has tendency more influenced by negative influencing people than by positive influencing people. In the study of personal factors, Hwa-Byung has a short sleeping time, does not exercise regularly, feels more overburdened, and understimates their own condition to do easy tasks. Conclusions : According to the below results, in the study of Past History, the rate of Chronic Bronchitis, Peptic Ulcer, Chronic Hepatitis/Hepatic Cirrhosis, Allergy, Arthritis, and Hyperlipidemia is high in the Hwa-Byung group compared with the Control. Hwa-Byung has a tendency to be diagnosed by various factors such as the external environment, personal relationships, and personal factors.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.943-949
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between the personality types and satisfaction of education satisfaction in dental hygiene students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 898 students in Busan, Gyeongnam, and Ulsan from March 2 to 25, 2014. Data were analyzed through t-test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The instruments used personality types and satisfaction of education. The personality types was adapted from Korean Eyesenck Personality Questionnaire that was modified by Lee on the basis of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(Eysenck & Eysenck, 1971). The questionnaire consisted of 44 questions including extroversion factors(18 questions) and neurotic tendency(26 questions). The questionnaire was score by Likert 5 scale. Cronbach alpha was 0.835 in the study. The neurotic tendency consisted of 26 questions and the higher score showed the higher neurotic tendency. Cronbach alpha was 0.927 in the study. The instrument for satisfaction of education was adapted from Kim and Go and partly modified. The instrument was categorized into dental hygiene department satisfaction(6 questions), major satisfaction(6 questions), facilities satisfaction(4 questions), lecture satisfaction(7 questions), and faculty satisfaction(4 questions). The instrument was scored by Likert 5 scale. Cronbach alpha of education satisfaction was 0.928 in the study. Results: Extroverted students showed 3.70 point which was the highest score in the department satisfaction(p<0.001). Less neurotic students showed 3.68 point which was the highest score in the department satisfaction(p<0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between the major satisfaction and department satisfaction(p<0.01). The personality types that affected the education satisfaction were related to the extroverted students and less neurotic students(p<0.01). Conclusions: The personality types had much influences on the satisfaction of the major and academic accomplishment.