• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.21-28
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• 2017

Electro-hydraulic sliding deck systems have been developed to reduce the weight for the loading of an agricultural machine. The extension length of the sliding deck was calculated according to the bed's dump angle. The optimum thickness and material were determined using a large and heavy load at acceptable angles. In addition, the degrees of freedom were calculated to obtain the input/output relationship of the system. An equation was derived using a simplified model formula for the extended length of the sliding deck according to the bed's dump angle. Also, the advance length at the maximum and minimum angles of the system was determined using numerical analysis. A down-scaled model of the system was constructed and verified by experiments. The deck was simplified to determine the material and thickness of the sliding deck and for the selection of the two representative materials. The simplified model was tested in deformation tests and stress tests with different thicknesses and materials using a structure analysis program. The analysis results show that ATOS80 is the best among the two materials for reducing the weight of the system.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2014

Purpose - This research undertakes to understand the trade structures of both China and Japan to strengthen Sino-Japan economic cooperation and examines impediments to trade between the 2 countries to analyze causes which affect trade and to examine improvements in these areas to find out ways of trade expansion. Through this survey of a defined period of time, we can identify the structural factors of trade dependence in the relationship between China and Japan. Research design, data, methodology - The data were collected from Korea Traders Association, Korea Customs Office and UN Comtrade, from which whole table indexes are calculated by author. This research methodology uses trade related indexes to focus on analyzing comparative advantages based on time-series analysis statistics data (2000~2012), by using the analysis index of Trade Intensity Index (TII), Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) and Trade Specialization Index (TSI). Results - The export ratio for China against Japan was a little higher in 2000 at 2.867 and the export ratio for China against Japan was sustained in 2005. However, it diminished gradually and reached 1.263 in 2012. During the whole period of 2000~2012, the indexes were maintained without any significant change. However, they are still moving closer to -1. Especially, in 2012 it is the closest it has been to -1. Therefore, Japan has a comparative advantage toward export specialization. On the other hand, China has a comparative advantage toward import specialization. For the whole research period, all indexes were much smaller than 1, which means that China has comprehensively had a comparative disadvantage against Japan for the past 10 years when compared to other industries, even though it had improved in 2000. Conclusions - The summary of conclusions based on empirical analysis research are as follows: First, per the Trade Intensity Index of industries between the 2 countries, we can conclude that export ratio index is 2.867, based on the formula, in 2000, which means the export ratio of China against Japan is a little bit higher. Furthermore, the ratios of 2.259 and 1.263 are indicated in 2005 and 2012 respectively which mean the export ratio of China against Japan was maintained in 2005 but was diminishing gradually as the index is 1.263 in 2012. Second, per the Trade Specialization Index of the shipping industry between China and Japan, -0.379 is indicated in 2000, -0.368 in 2005 and -0.568 in 2012. Looking at the whole period of 2000~2012, the indexes were maintained without any significant change. However, they are still moving closer to -1. Especially, in 2012 it is the closest it has been to -1. Third, per the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index of the automobile industry between China and Japan, the RCA indexes in 2005 and 2012 are 0.246 and 0.306 respectively which are still far from 1 even though the index is improved compared to 2000's value of 0.0001. Therefore, the Chinese automobile industry is very much at a comparative disadvantage to that of the Japanese automobile industry.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 1998

The prevalence of iron deficiency in later infancy and the toddler years(25% to 40% at 1 year of age) has not decreased remarkably , except in Western countries. The purpose of this study was to 1) determine the relationship between current feeding practices and iron status, and 2) assess compliance to infant feeding instructions. Two groupsof infants were examined. The first group of 302 infants aged 6 to 24months was seen at a well baby clinic while the second group of 135 infants of the same age group was assessed by venipuncture. Cutoff values for laboratory tests were as follows ; hemoglobin<11g/dL, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <72fl ; red cell distribution width(RDW)>15% ; serum ferritin level<10ng/ml ; and transferrin saturation (serum iron(TIBC)<10%. The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was made when a low hemoglobin level was associated with either low ferritin orlow transferrin saturation . Of the 302 children brought to the well baby clinic , 12.3%(n=37) were found to have anemia (hemoglobin<11.0/dL). In terms of children grouped according to feeding practices, it was found that children with anemial comprised 32.0% (24/75) of the prolonged breast-fed group (Group A), significantly more than the 4.0%(7/176) of the artificial milk feeding group(Group B). and 3.9%(2/51) of the switched from breast milk to iron -fortified weaning foods group(Group C).Among the 107 children with IDA , iron deficiency in 105 children(98.1%) was suggested by their dietary histories ; exclusive or prolonged breast-feeding for more than 6 months without iron fortification in 98 infants ; cow's milk consumption> 500ml/day without iron fortification during infancy(n=12), or >800ml without iron-fortified foods after infancy(n=15) ; and the use of unfortified forumula or unbalanced diets, mainly limited to rice gruel. Despite the relatively high (79.6%) motivation on the part of the infants mothers and supervison by professional personnel, the poor results in the infants receiving iron fortified foods were due to poor compliance(85.75). Among the mothers of 98 IDA patients who were contacted by telephone , it was revealed that 29% did not give the oral iron preparation for more than 2 months. Furthermore, negligence or disregard by the parents occurred in 14% of the case , discontinuance of the oral iron preparation by the parents due to side effects occurred in 6%, and the children's refusal or poor oral intake and no further trial occurred in 6%. The dietary history of a large group of infants was highly predictive of their risk for anemia . Continued consumption of breast milk until the age of 1 year is not warranted unless iron-fortified foods are given concomitantly. Because there is a problem with compliance, more successful and safe strategies for preventing iron deficiency woold included dual coverage in the from of therapeutic iron supplementation as well use of iron-fortified foods for teddlers who are at risk of iron deficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.86-91
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• 2016

To solve the problem of the excessive error caused by using a single value for the shielding effect of the neutral line of an electric power distribution line in the calculation of the voltage it induces in a telecommunication line, the general expression that was previously developed to reflect the mechanism of voltage induction by a distribution line with multiple grounds is employed in this paper to represent the relationship between the leakage current rates at each ground pole. In this way, the formula for calculating the shielding effect of the neutral line can be factorized against the unbalanced current flowing in the neutral line, which is the root current of induction. This shielding coefficient of the neutral line is not constant, but can vary when a range of induced voltages is generated in the whole power distribution line. The calculation method developed herein reduces the error rate to one tenth of that of the existing calculation result in the case of overestimation and increases it by 14% in the case of underestimation.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.257-271
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• 1996

Livestock products like meat, milk and egg have been principal food sources for human beings since the historic periods of time. Nowadays consumption of these food items have been avoided due to its high contents of SFA, cholesterol and total fat which are major culprits of chronic adult diseases causing major deaths of people. However, the relationship between livestock products and diseases is not always true because the amounts of fat and cholesterol and types of fatty acids in meat and meat by-products depend on the part of the meat and types of animals. Although meat intakes do not always cause mai or adult diseases, still the developmental necessity does exist for animal foods equipped with biologically active properties, which in turn can improve nutritional status and health more than ever Meat with high protein lean part and low fat can be produced by applying synthetic somatotropin and beta-adrenergic agonists like clenbuterol, cimaterol etc. during breeding. This application brings benefits like higher growth rate, lower fat contents and improve feed efficiency ratios. Meats fortified with long chain PUFA($\omega$-3 fatty acids) can also be produced by modulating feed composition.Egg Products have faced the reduced sales annually because of its high cholesterol contents. Recently brand eggs fortified with special nutrients or chemical components having functional proper ties in the human body system are very popular Research Interests have been focused on eggs with low cholesterol and high omega-3 fatty acids. Low cholesterol eggs and high omega-3 eggs can be produced in several different ways, but popular way to increase is feeding the feeds with different oil sources containing high omega-3 and 6 fatty acids such as fish oil, perilla oil, linseed oil and lecithin etc. But proper compositon of feed formula should be found and economically beneficial. Brand eggs fortified with vitamin, mineral, unknown growth factors are also manufactured. Low cholesterol and high $\omega$-3 PUFA milk are marketed recently Cholesterol removal technology is not completely established and has several limitations to be overcome. Milk fortified with $\omega$-3 fatty acids is made by incorporating high &13 fatty acid foods in feed despite of extraordinary way of fatty acid metabolism In cow. All these biologically active products will be very beneficial and useful for human consumption when limitations of manufacturing technology such as safety and lowered sensory qualities are resolved. Furthermore, thorough and precise tests and quality control for these products should be performed to ensure the effectiveness and usefulness in terms of improving health and nutritional status in general. However one caution should be pointed out to lay people informing that these items are nothing but a food and not panacea. Therefore, it is important to remember that the only way of maintaining good health is absolutely through consuming balanced diet.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.333-336
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• 2008

As the high-rise building increase due to the gravitation of population to big cities recently, it requires high quality and high performance of Concrete. As a result, people are keenly interested in Meta-kaolin as new admixture favorable from an economic perspective, which has strength and endurance with admixture at the same level like Silicafume. Accordingly, as to Meta-kaolin, this study was to set by three levels like domestic one, foreign one, and Silicafume, the waterbinding material ratio 25%, and four level substitute like 0, 10, 20, and 30(%) in order to compare and analyze the quality characteristics of high-strength concrete according to the substitute of Meta-kaolin applicable with replacement of Silicafume. As a result of performing experiment, as to the higher the additive amount of Superplasticizing agents in order to secure target liquidity was, the more the substitute in each admixture increased. This study had a tendency that the Silicafume increased the additive amount of Superplasticizing agents with high fineness compared with Meta-kaolin. In addition, the higher the substitute in each admixture was, the more its strength increased On the strength property, the higher the substitute in each admixture was, the more its strength increased. This study has found out that the Meta-kaolin has shown the better strength than the one of Silicafume. On the other hand, the relationship between the Compressive strength and Elastic coefficient has shown the similar formula suggested from ACI363.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.777-783
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• 2015

Wood is an anisotropic material that shows the changes in hardness, quality and dimensions depending on the types of cells on three cross sections, size, array and so on. It can also be used in different ways according to its use, which requires a meticulous research, in order to maximize the utilization by understanding the nature and use; and by clarifying the theory and technologies. The research on relationship among wood's physical properties, density, and elasticity of modulus have been studied in Korea and abroad, but those studies were based on correlation gained through standardized specimen. Rather, the study on complete product is rare. Moreover, the previous reports are mostly concentrating on vibration mode and batting, though the wood's physical properties as a material have not been in the main focus. Therefore, this study will carried out for analyzing MOE through figuring material property out and comparing frequency adapting to the Canadian HardMaple bat. For comparison of material properties, we studied the annual ring and density of the bat; calculated the MOE with resonance frequency and formula (ASTM C1259); and verified the repulsive force of this material. As a result, the relevance of the resonance frequency and annual ring is weak, and in comparison in the grain direction in wood, the MOE value is higher when the grain direction in wood is excited horizontally than when is excited vertically, because the material is repulsive when grain direction is horizontal.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.466-472
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore how to use location data for peer relations of infants in free-choice play activities. For this study, location data was collected using wearable devices for 14 students in one class at an early childhood education institution in Chungnam. For the pre-processing of the collected location data, a smoothing technique was applied to recover missing values during the collection process, and the data was visualized using Python's Matplotlib. Subsequently, the movement distance, distance between infants, and interaction types of infants were extracted from the location data using the formula. As a result of the study, it was possible to derive 1) change in moving distance, cumulative value, average value, 2) change in distance and average distance value between infants, and 3) change and trend in interaction type according to the passage of time. These results can provide valuable information on the process of forming peer groups for infants in situations where it is difficult for a teacher to closely observe all members, and can be used as meaningful information for the design and operation of educational programs.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1969

Skin temperatures on 10 sites and rectal temperature at every 10 minutes, oxygen consumption at every 20 minutes were measured on 18 male subjects (ages between 14 and 47 years) after exposure to cold air at $15^{\circ}C$ for two hours in a climatic room. Total body fat measured by means of a skinfold method and ratio of body surface area (S) to body volume (V), S/V, were utilized as basis of observations. Surface area was calculated after DuBois equation and body volume was calculated by our original formula. In influencing on the heat loss from the body core to the cold environment, % fat showed inverse relations, whereas, S/V ratio showed direct relations. Thus these two factors acted antagonistically on the body heat loss. Local skin temperatures showed negative correlations with skinfold thickness on the same site, nemaly, on chest, r=-.567; on back, r=-.507; and on upper arm, r=-.353. The other 7 skin sites showed low correlations with % fat. Minimum mean weighted skin temperature (MWST) showed a negative correlation (r=-.443) with % fat, and showed no correlation with S/V ratio. Oxygen consumption in the cold air at $15^{\circ}C$ increased from the first measurement at 20 minutes after exposure and maintained the same increasing trend up to 120 minutes. ${\Delta}T_R$ was greater in tile lean subjects who showed a greater % change in oxygen consumption. The antagonistic actions of % fat and S/V ratio on the heat loss were manifested by observations as follows: minimum rectal temperature was higher In fat subjects (r=.600) and lower in subjects with a greater S/V ratio (=-.582), ${\Delta}T_R$ was smaller in fat subjects (r=-.738) and greater in subjects with a greater S/V ratio (r=.618). Temperature difference between body core and skin surface (minimum rectal temperature minus minimum MWST) showed a positive correlation with % fat (r=.600) and a negative correlation with S/V ratio (r=-.881). Decrease in the mean body temperature and heat debt, respectively, showed negative correlations with % fat and positive correlations with S/V ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.98-106
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• 2003

Nondestructive test (NDT) provides much information on concrete without damage of structural functions. Of NDT methods, elastic wave propagation methods, such as ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) method and impact-echo (IE) method, have been successfully used to estimate the strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio of concrete as well as to detect the internal microstructural change and defects. In this study, the concretes with water-binder ratio ranging from 0.27 to 0.50 and fly ash content of 20% were made and then their longitudinal wave velocities were measured by UPV and IE method, respectively. Test results showed that the UPV is greater than the longitudinal wave velocity measured by the If method, i.e., rod-wave velocity obtained from the same concrete cylinder. It was found that the difference between the two types of velocities decreased with increasing the ages of concrete and strength level. Moreover, for the empirical formula, the dynamic Poisson's ratio, static and dynamic moduli of elasticity, and velocity-strength relationship were determined. It was observed that the Poisson's ratio and the modulus of elasticity determined by the dynamic method are greater than those determined by the static test. Consequently, for the more accurate estimation of concrete properties using the elastic wave velocities, the characteristics of these velocities should be understood.