• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.117-144
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to be aware of the relationship between the perceived risk and purchasing intention after investing the impacts by 3 factors-consumer, media, and product characteristics on the perceived risk. The influence on perceived risk is categorized based on the 3 factors' combinations. The result of this study shows that the each characteristics of media, consumer, and product affect consumer's perceived risk and also this risk is affected by the relationship among these 3 independent variables. These results mean that the consumer's perceived risk about buying goods at the internet shopping mall or TV home shopping cannot be measured by a single dimension. Finally, it has a negative relationship between the perceived risk and purchasing intention. Implications for managers' use of shopping media are discussed in terms of the product and media characteristics fit.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2014

This paper investigates the relationship between acoustic characteristics and voice handicap index for 29 males with esophageal speakers. Acoustic characteristics were measured by using a sustained vowel /a/ three times. The stable vocalization for 2 seconds was analyzed by MDVP program. Specifically, relationships between four VHI scores (total, functional, physical, and emotional) and three acoustic characteristics (jitter, shimmer, and NHR) were investigated using the Pearson correlation coefficient. As results, we found no relationship between NHR and VHI scores. However, both jitter and shimmer had statistically significant correlations with all four VHI scores. This research will contribute to establishing a baseline related to speech characteristics in voice rehabilitation with esophageal speakers. Further research could be done to examine the overall quality of life survey, which is widely used as a subjective measure about voice for patients with esophageal speakers.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-36
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• 2021

Real-time two-way communication has become an important factor in the relationship between consumers and broadcasters in the Live Commerce environment. To clarify, the relationship of the factors, and the effect of Live Commerce's on consumer purchase intention were examined. In addition, the role of Wanghong, who broadcasts Live Commerce and Co-experience that occurs between consumer and broadcasters influences consumer purchase intention. An online survey method was conducted for 403 subjects in their 20s that were Live Commerce users in Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou, China. The number of final the data used for the analysis was 274 and anlaysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 program and a Sobel test was employed. Based on the analysis of the data, it was found that Live Commerce's characteristics consisted of interactivity, security, and Wanghong's characteristics consisted of honesty, originality, and expertise. Also, it revealed that Co-experience was consisted of responsiveness and vividness. Second, for Live Commerce's characteristics, the Wanghong's characteristics, and Co-experience had a positive effect on the consumers' purchase intention. Third, the Wanghong's characteristics and vividness, a factor of Co-experience, had significant mediating effects on the relationship between Live Commerce's characteristics and the consumers' purchase intention. Finally, responsiveness of Co-experience had a noteworthy mediating effect on the relationship between the interactivity of Live Commerce's characteristics and the consumers' purchase intention. This study confirmed the important role of Live Commerce's characteristics, the Wanghong's characteristics and Co-experience in relation to the consumers' purchase intention. In addition, the Wanghong's characteristics and Co-experience were proposed as a significant mediating factors.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.21-60
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• 2010

In recent retail environments, multichannel customer management increasingly has been considered a key element of successful CRM. Although customer's multichannel usage is believed to be potential cause of customer loyalty, the theoretical explanation about this causal relationship still remains unexamined and unanswered. In this paper, the authors present a systematic framework to test the postulated "multichannel usage-shopping experience-customer satisfaction" chain. To this end, we examine that the two core components of shopping experience(convenience and enjoyment) is a mediator of the direct causality of multichannel usage(based on both information search and product purchase stage) on customer satisfaction. Moreover, the authors examine that two types of customer-firm relationship characteristics(relationship age and purchase frequency) is a moderator of the multichannel usage-shopping experience relationship. Using integrating data with survey and customer database of multichannel retail company, the authors empirically test and substantiate shopping experience's mediating role in the multichannel usage-customer satisfaction relationship and customer-firm relationship characteristics' moderating role in the multichannel usage-customer experience relationship. These results suggest that multichannel retailers should deliver favorable shopping experience for building customer satisfaction and differentiate shopping experience according to customer-firm relationship characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.143-155
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• 2020

The relationship between companies in the supply chain is a core competency of the company and key indicator which determines the survival of a company. Therefore, companies are investing in efforts for inter-company relations, and related studies have been conducted for a long time. However, in the supply chain, the positions and characteristics of suppliers and buyers are not the same. Therefore, research is needed to better understand and respond to other characteristics of the relationship between suppliers and buyers. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the resources held between the buyer and the supplier through social capital, which is a value asset that can be used as a resource created through social relations, and whether it affects the commitment of the relationship. In addition, The core of this study was to statistically analyze the differences between suppliers and buyers through this analysis. This study was conducted by surveying companies that are suppliers and buyers along the supply chain. The difference between the supplier and the buyer was revealed through empirical analysis, and statistically, the difference between the two groups was also revealed. As a result of the analysis, the higher the involvement of the buyer, the more significant the result of structural capital was, and the result was statistically opposite to the supplier. As for the relationship capital, quantitative and qualitative relationship capital had different effects on the commitment. Both the supplier and the buyer had a positive effect on relationship performance. However, the effect of emotional commitment on non-financial relationship performance has a greater degree of influence on suppliers, and it appears in statistical differences. This study revealed differences in the relationship between suppliers and buyers, and found that different investments and efforts were required for each group.

• IE interfaces
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.253-267
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• 2005

Customer satisfaction becomes one of the important managerial concerns associated with corporate competency in current competitive environment for Internet communication service companies. Hence, it is demanding to improve a company's customer satisfaction through the total quality management perspective. In practice, engineers as well as the management hope to find major quality characteristics with Internet communication network that is closely related to customer satisfaction, consequently aiming to the raise of their company's customer satisfaction. This paper presents an empirical relationship analysis between network quality characteristics and customer satisfaction on Internet communication. Methodologically, the relationship analysis framework is based on the regression variable selection procedures. In this framework, it is implemented that; 1) iterative model building; and 2) consistent criteria application to statistical tests for selecting significant variables. A case study shows that; 1) the customer satisfaction on the network connection seems to be more closely related to the network quality characteristics compared with the customer satisfaction on the network speed; and 2) the download disconnection rate has relatively evident relationship with the customer satisfaction on the network connection.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.33-46
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between characteristics of social media sites (SNS) and the intention of Pakistani tourists to visit South Korea while determining the role of usefulness, interestingness, and involvement of tourists. Research design, data and methodology: A research model was developed through the previous research, and the questioner-based survey was conducted on Pakistani tourists visiting Korea. The survey data was collected by following multiple hypotheses: the relationship between SNS tourism information and perception of SNS, the relationship between SNS perception and intention to visit, and adjustment of involvement in the relation between tourism information characteristics, and SNS perception. We used SPSS and AMOS24.0 statistical tools to analyze the hypothesis testing data. Results: Based on the data analysis, the study found that the characteristics of SNS have a positive effect on intention to visit via users' perception like usefulness and interestingness. The involvement has a moderating effect between SNS characteristics and users' perception. In the group with high involvement, the degree of influence of the quality factor of SNS on user perception was greater than in the group with low involvement. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that traveler's involvement has a moderating effect on the relationship between SNS characteristics and visit intention for Pakistani travelers visiting Korea. It shows that practitioners or researchers should establish and operate SNS strategies in consideration of user involvement.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.255-270
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• 2022

If import/export shippers entrust their international logistics activities to forwarders, they can receive good logistics services at a lower cost. Therefore, it is important to form a trading relationship between the export shipper company and the forwarder, and it helps to improve the competitiveness of the company. This study derives factors that an export shipper company forms a transaction relationship with a forwarder, and analyzes the effect of transaction formation factors on transaction continuity. Next, the relationship between export consignment characteristics of export shippers and their influence on transaction formation factors and transaction continuity is identified. As a result of the study, transaction formation factors consisted of price, quality, and companionship, and all factors were found to affect transaction continuity. The characteristics of consignment logistics for shippers are the proportion of consignment, the number of business partners, and the transaction period. The proportion of consignment and the number of business partners affected the price factor, and the number of business partners affected the quality factor. There was no mutual influence between the transaction continuity and the characteristics of the shipper's logistics consignment. Therefore, there is a need for recognition of a relationship that can grow between shippers and logistics companies through consignment transactions rather than subordinate recognition based on fair transactions.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.355-369
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the social values and selected clothing behavior variable for a group of working women in Kwang Ju, Chonnam, Korea. The findings of this study as follows: 1. The were differences in selective clothing variables according to their general characteristics; age, marital status, religion. 2. There were differences in selective clothing variables according to their occupational characteristics; type, length of employment, income. 3. A significant relationship was found between he social values and selected clothing behavior variables; There were significant relationship between the social trend and five clothing behavior variables; social approval, psychological dependence, satisfaction, comfort, interest. There ere significant relationship between the human relation and one clothing variables; management. There were significant relationship between the popularization and three clothing behavior variables; social approval, psychological dependence and management.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.13
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• pp.183-208
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• 2004

Recently, there is increasing interest in strengthening wholesaler functions and building cooperative relationships between wholesalers and small and medium pharmacy stores in medical supplies channel. Building cooperative relationships between wholesalers and small and medium pharmacy stores is a prior condition to normalize and modernize medical supplies channel. This study tries to understand relationship characteristics and examines the relationships between relationship characteristics and cooperation in medical supplies channel. Drawing from the previous studies, this article identifies relationalisrn, reward power, trust, and dependency as the relationship characteristics and empirically investigates their relationships. The study results confirm that relationship characteristics have significant effects on cooperation and satisfaction. Also cooperation influences satisfaction. Based on these study results, various plans to build cooperative relationships between wholesalers and small and medium pharmacy stores are suggested.