• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.313-321
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• 2004

Separation-concentration of sulfur containing heterocyclic compounds(SCHC) from many reaction meat flavors manufactured with Maillard reaction was carried out. Profile of SCHC was identified and analyzed by GC and GC-MSD. The results were as follows. 1. Profile of SCHC could be identified 7 kinds thiazole and 11 kinds thiophene, the major produced compounds were thiophene, thiazolidine, 4-methyl-5-thiazole ethanol. 2. In the case of SCHC, relationship between changes of reaction conditions and the kind of produced components were as same, but produced amounts appeared the difference. Producing amount of complexed SCHC and caramellike note as well as oxygen containing heterocyclic compounds were high level more than high reaction temperature and long time reaction period. 3. Producing ratio of comparative simple structural SCHC were the highest level at reaction conditions of moisture content 50%, reaction temperature 100$^{\circ}C$ and reaction time 2 hours. Reaction conditions for the revelation of reaction meat flavor were below 110$^{\circ}C$ and less than 2 hours. 4. Relationship between moisture content and reaction temperature as well as reaction time had very relative relation. From the change of moisture content and reaction conditions could be obtained the simultaneously profile. Signal presentation for production of reaction meat flavor could be from extraction-separation-concentration of SCHC through simplification of raw-materials in the flavor and seasoning food industry.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 1973

Effects of nitrogen sources on chlorophyll, activity of some oxidases in soybean leaves were investigated in relation to phosphorus sensitivity. Ammonium and urea culture accelerated leaf senescence more in phosphorus sensitive cultivars. The leaf senescence patterns affected by nitrogen sources were clearly indicated by intact leaf absorbance. Absorption maximum (670nm in methanol extraction or 685nm in intact leaf), was not changed by nitrogen source in the same method. According to leaf senesence pattern general physiological sensitivity pattern was discussed. IAA-oxidase activity was higher in the phosphorus tolerant cultivars and nitrate treatment than in the sensitive cultivars and ammonium treatment. Glycolate oxidase activity was higher in the sensitive cultivars and nitrate treatment. Polyphenol oxidase activity was higher in the tolerant cultivars and urea treatment. It is concluded that the excess ammonium, to which excess phosphorus is highly similar in physiological effect, disturbs the photosynthetic system by inhibition of ATP generation (photo-and oxidative phosphorylation).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

There have been studied with activity about color standard due to extention of digital contents' application area. Therefore the studies in relation to the standard are needed to represent image's feature as color. Also the methods to extract color's feature to be apt to various application are needed. In this paper, we set the base color as 50 colors from Munsell color system, get the color histogram to show the characteristics of colors's distribution of a image, and propose the method to extract representative colors from the histogram. Firstly, we convert a input image of RGB color space to a image of HSI color space and split the image into hue area and non-hue area. To split hue area and non-hue area, we use a fixed threshold and a perception-function of color area function to reflect the subjective vision of human-being. We compute histograms from each area and then make a total histogram from the histogram of hue area and the histogram of hue area, and extract the representative colors from the histogram. To evaluate the proposed method, we made 18 test images, applied conventional methods and proposed method to them Also the methods are applied to public images and the results are analyzed. The proposed method represents well the characteristics of the colors' distribution of images and piles up colors' frequency to representative colors. Therefore the representative colors can be applied to various applications

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed for identification of the main clinicopathological features of cysts in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 164 patients who had been diagnosed with cyst of the jaw, from the database of 168 histopathological diagnoses at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Busan Paik Hospital at Inje University, from January 2009 to December 2011. The subjects were treated and the following variables were recorded: gender, age, clinical signs and symptoms, histopathological distribution, treatment methods, and complications. A descriptive analysis of the study variables was performed using a chi-square test. Results: Among the 164 patients, there were more male than female patients (male-female ratio: 1.7:1). The most predominant ages were the 20s and 40s. Among the classes of pathological cysts, radicular cysts and dentigerous cysts were the most common, with incidences of 56.0% and 35.1%. Thirty-six percent of the patients had no symptoms; and of those who had symptoms, the main signs and symptoms were swelling (24.4%) and pain (17.1%). The most frequent management method was the combination operation, such as enucleation with or without extraction and apicoectomy of the causative teeth. Of the 164 patients, 13 had complications; and one patient who had been treated with enucleation with apicoectomy had a recurrent cyst. Conclusion: Using a chi-square test, no significant differences in prevalence were observed in relation to gender according to age. Comparative analysis of radicular and dentigerous cysts showed a significant difference in their prevalence according to their anatomical location, however, no significant differences in were observed in their incidence rates according to age.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.217-223
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• 2005

The term 'impaction teeth' is used to designate a tooth which remains unerupted in jaw beyond the time at which it should normally be erupted. Most cases of impacted teeth reported in the literature are permanent teeth. The impaction of primary teeth occur rarely whereas impaction of second primary molars is more numerous than all other impactions. Failure of eruption of primary teeth may cause a number of complications, such as interference with development and eruption of successive permanent teeth, malocclusion, cystic change of tooth follicle. The clinican should consider the various treatment option available (a) No treatment and observation, (b) surgical extraction (c) space regainer. Proper treatment plan should be established after thought consideration of impacted tooth and it's relation with successive permanent tooth.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.39-47
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• 2012

The opinion of user on a certain product is expressed in positive/negative sentiments for specific features of it. In some cases, they are expressed for a holistic part of homogeneous specific features, or expressed for product itself. Therefore, in the area of opinion mining, name of opinion features to be extracted are specific feature names, holonyms for theses specific features, and product names. However, when the opinion target is described with product name or holonym, sometimes it may not match feature name of opinion sentence to true opinion target intended by the reviewer. In this paper, we present a method to extract opinion targets from opinion sentences. Most importantly, we propose a method to extract true target from the feature names mismatched to a intended target. First, we extract candidate opinion pairs using dependency relation between words, and then select feature names frequently mismatched to opinion target. Each selected opinion feature name is replaced to a specific feature intended by the reviewer. Finally, in order to extract relevant opinion features from the whole candidate opinion pairs including modified opinion feature names, candidate opinion pairs are rearranged by the order of user's interest.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 1999

This study is analyzed the correlation between El-Nino and La-Nina and Korea's temperature and precipitation in summer and winter, and the results of this analysis are as follows: (1) The extraction of the occurrences of El-Nino reveals are 5, but La-Nina reveals 6 years. (2) The tendency of change of sea surface temperature around NINO.3 and that of or country are about the same, but the anomaly of Janggi and Pusan was much greater than that of Inchon. (3) The anomaly of sea surface temperature around NINO.3 and that of the temperature showed the similar changing tendency, the temperature of Korea has something to do with that of NINO.3sea surface temperature as the correlation of ground temperature with the temperature of sea surface showed 0.06. Anomaly warm winter has something to do with El-Nino because the temperature of our country was high when El-Nino phenomena appeared. But the precipitation over our country is not significant for La-Nina. (4) Temperature in El-Nino year is lower than normal in summer and higher than normal in winter. But precipitation is more in summer and winter of El-Nino year, but it is not significant of La-Nina year.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.131-147
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to observe the color matching of lining or filling materials according to the remaining tooth material. Twenty-seven freshly extracted human central incisors were used in this experiments. The teeth were stored in saline solution at room temperature after extraction. All teeth were cut parallel to the tangent to height of contour on labial surface from the lingual surface until the pulp were completely removed. Then 27 teeth were devided into 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 1.5mm reduction groups according to the thickness of cutting the lingual surfaces of teeth. The specimens of control group were three teeth of 27 teeth with cutting the lingual surface same mode as above described. In the specimens of experimental groups, 8 kinds of lining and filling materials; FUJI IONOMER TYPE II (G-C Co. Japan), LINING CEMENT (G-C Co. Japan), Dycal (Caulk, U.S.A.), CLEARFIL F II (Kuraray Co. Japan), Crown Bridge & Inlay Cement (G-C Co. Japan), Copalite (Harry J. Bosworth Co. U.S.A.), HY-BOND (G-C Co. Japan) and LIV-CENERA (G-C Co. Japan); applied on the back of 24 teeth with 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 1.5mm cut thickness of lingual surfaces. Three teeth of control group did not applied linging or filling materials on the back of 3 kinds of different thickness of cutting the lingual surfaces. The absorbances of total 27 specimens were obtained by reflection spectrophotometer. (Cary 17 D, Varian Co, U.S.A.) The following conclusions were drawn from above the results; 1. The absorbance patterns in both experiment and control groups were gradually decreased with increasing wavelength of spectra. 2. The absorbance patterns were not decreased in relation to the kinds of lining or filling materials, but the amount of the remaining tooth materials. 3. In 0.5mm reduction group, FUJI IONOMER TYPE II, LINING CEMENT, LIV-CENERA and Copalite applied on the back of cut lingual surface showed similar absorbance patterns as control group. 4. The specimens which were reduced up to 1.0mm thickness and lined with FUJI IONOMER TYPE II and LINING CEMENT showed the comparable absorbance patterns to the control group. 5. In case of HY-BOND application after 1.5mm reduction were observed the similar absorbance pattern as compared with control group. 6. When Dycal, CLEARFIL and Crown Bridge & Inlay Cement were applied to cut teeth surfaces, there were much differences of absorbance between control groups and experimental groups.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.169-169
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• 2008

To keep pace with scaling trends of CMOS technologies, high-k metal oxides are to be introduced. Due to their high permittivity, high-k materials can achieve the required capacitance with stacks of higher physical thickness to reduce the leakage current through the scaled gate oxide, which make it become much more promising materials to instead of $SiO_2$. As further studying on high-k, an understanding of the relation between the etch characteristics of high-k dielectric materials and plasma properties is required for the low damaged removal process to match standard processing procedure. There are some reports on the dry etching of different high-k materials in ICP and ECR plasma with various plasma parameters, such as different gas combinations ($Cl_2$, $Cl_2/BCl_3$, $Cl_2$/Ar, $SF_6$/Ar, and $CH_4/H_2$/Ar etc). Understanding of the complex behavior of particles at surfaces requires detailed knowledge of both macroscopic and microscopic processes that take place; also certain processes depend critically on temperature and gas pressure. The choice of $BCl_3$ as the chemically active gas results from the fact that it is widely used for the etching o the materials covered by the native oxides due to the effective extraction of oxygen in the form of $BCl_xO_y$ compounds. In this study, the surface reactions and the etch rate of $Al_2O_3$ films in $BCl_3/Cl_2$/Ar plasma were investigated in an inductively coupled plasma(ICP) reactor in terms of the gas mixing ratio, RF power, DC bias and chamber pressure. The variations of relative volume densities for the particles were measured with optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The surface imagination was measured by AFM and SEM. The chemical states of film was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which confirmed the existence of nonvolatile etch byproducts.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.5
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• pp.383-390
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• 2007

Interactions between proteins and genes are often considered essential in the description of biomolecular phenomena and networks of interactions are considered as an entre for a Systems Biology approach. Recently, many works try to extract information by analyzing biomolecular text using natural language processing technology. Previous researches insist that linguistic information is useful to improve the performance in detecting gene interactions. However, previous systems do not show reasonable performance because of low recall. To improve recall without sacrificing precision, this paper proposes a new method for detection of gene interactions based on syntactic relations. Without biomolecular knowledge, our method shows reasonable performance using only small size of training data. Using the format of LLL05(ICML05 Workshop on Learning Language in Logic) data we detect the agent gene and its target gene that interact with each other. In the 1st phase, we detect encapsulation types for each agent and target candidate. In the 2nd phase, we construct verb lists that indicate the interaction information between two genes. In the last phase, to detect which of two genes is an agent or a target, we learn direction information. In the experimental results using LLL05 data, our proposed method showed F-measure of 88% for training data, and 70.4% for test data. This performance significantly outperformed previous methods. We also describe the contribution rate of each phase to the performance, and demonstrate that the first phase contributes to the improvement of recall and the second and last phases contribute to the improvement of precision.