• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.129-134
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the changes in pulmonary function, gait ability, and quality of life when NMES is applied along with CBE and to provide basic clinical data to be used in pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines for patients with COPD to treat patients with severe COPD. Methods: For this study, CBE and NMES of quadriceps femoris on both sides were applied to the experimental group (n=10), and only CBE was applied to the control group (n=10). For a pre-test, a 6-minute walk test was performed, and pulmonary function and health-related quality of life were measured. Moreover, an exercise program was applied to each group for 30 minutes per session, 5 times a week, for 6 weeks. After that, a post-test was conducted the same way as the pre-test. Results: In the within-group comparison, there were significant differences in forced expiratory volume in one second, 6-minute walk test and health-related quality of life between the experimental group and the control group (p<0.01)(p<0.05). In the between-group comparison, the experimental group showed an increase in forced expiratory volume in one second and 6-minute walk test (p<0.05) and showed a decline in health-related quality of life (p<0.05). Conclusion: The 6-weeks NMES program improved health-related quality in patients with severe COPD by increasing expiratory volume by reinforcing the function of quadriceps femoris. This finding implies that NMES could be an alternative mode for improving physical functions of patients with severe COPD, who cannot participate in a breathing exercise program or are reluctant to participate.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 1983

The deformation and crack width of concrete walls of slabs, plates, panels and shells reinforced by a regular rectangular net of reinforcing bars and subjected to in-plane (membrane) internal forces is analyzed on the basis of a realistic model which takes into account the frictional-dilatant behavior of rough interlocked cracks, the effect of tension stiffening, and the dowel action of bars at crack crossings. Extensive numerical computer studies are carried out, and the reinforcement designs obtained from equilibrium conditions alone on the basis of either the classical frictionless approach or the recent frictional approach are compared in terms of the resulting crack widths. It is found that the use of frictional equilibrium design based on a low friction coefficient leads to a much smaller crack width than the classical frictionless design. The influences of bar diameter and crack spacing on the crack width are also studied. The model allows more realistic deformation analysis of reinforced concrete structures.

• Composites Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.52-58
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• 2014

Short fiber reinforced composites manufactured by injection molding have diverse fiber orientations variable with measuring positions even in the same specimen, which is caused by the flow induced fiber orientation. Fiber orientations considerably affect the mechanical and thermal properties of final composite products. In this study, fiber orientation of injection molded carbon fiber reinforced PA6/PPO composite was measured at several points of the specimen by optical microscopy analysis and the corresponding izod impact strength, coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) were also measured to investigate the influence of local fiber orientation on the mechanical and thermal properties. Izod impact strength where fiber was perpendicular to the direction of crack propagation was higher than where fiber was parallel to the direction, which could be explained be the impact resistance reinforcing mechanism by fiber orientation. CTE was also lower where fiber was parallel to the measurement direction of CTE than where fiber was perpendicular to the direction, which could be also explained by the dimensional stability mechanism by fiber orientation.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.451-457
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• 2017

The numerical analysis was conducted to evaluate the behavior of slab-column connection subjected to blast loads using LS-DYNA. The typical form of slab-interior column connection for analysis was considered as a reference specimen and the drop panel slab-interior column was designed to verify the effects of drop panel. The slab-column connections, which were composed of interior, edge and corner column, were additionally analyzed to compare their confinement effects of specimens. Analysis results were contained the failure shape of connection, behavior of member and so on. From the results, the blast-resistant capacities of slab-column connection would be enhanced by reinforcing the drop panel. In addition, the performance of connections could be improved, when the confinement effects were enhanced.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.525-528
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• 2003

In recent, Information Technology(IT) is the biggest issue on the world at large including construction industry as core strategic means for reinforcing competitive power of company and nation and raising its effectiveness. However, CEO of each finn is deferring IT investment decision because there's no case to measure real value of IT and confidence to economic effect of information system. IT Evaluation will be so helpful that most construction finns make a plan of IT investment. and it is necessary to achieve their management goal and have the maximum of firm's value with the usage of IT system. Therefore, The purpose of this research is to promote the increase of IT investment and the improvement of the standard in IT with the development of IT evaluation system to be monitoring IT level continually.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.2 s.58
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• pp.81-92
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• 2005

It is natural that The government should be responsibility for the fulfillment of obligation to prevent a notional life, accurate rescue and first-aid from various calamities. Although, The government policy is established a foundation that is reventing a national life and a property from the calamity with deciding of the fire line, that is not satisfied with taking precautions against a calamity. In case of the calamity there is always pointed the confrontation procedures, especially, In case of crisis The government is lacking to come to an developed country on account of system of the emergency rescue and first-aid. The prevention and provision are the most important thing with reference to a confrontation of the calamity. But calamity is happened without warning, so We should establish line of prompt rescue and first-aid lately that is very important thing. The First, We should get the single line of the rescue and first-aid through a integration and elimination in terms of a law of the emergency rescue and first-aid, but also we strengthen a line of a scene confrontation ability and speciality. To raise awareness of improving a rescue and ability of first-aid, through reinforcing the human and material equipment of The 119 rescue party to charge of emergency rescue and first-aid in effect.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.5 s.89
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• pp.775-784
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• 2005

In this research, major design factors have been evaluated for the establishment of the rational seismic design code of circular RC(reinforced concrete) bridge pier Previous experimental researches have drawn a conclusion that transverse confinement reinforcements have been excessively used for RC bridge piers in Korea. Thus, the objective of this study is to propose a rational design equation for transverse reinforcements of RC bridge piers in Korea which would be classified as a low or moderate seismic region. Newly proposed equation further considers the effect of the axial force ratio and the longitudinal steel ratio. Minimum transverse confinement steel ratio is also proposed to avoid probable buckling of the longitudinal reinforcing steels subjected to relatively low axial force. It is thought that these new codes seem to alleviate the rebar congestion in the plastic hinge region of RC bridge piers which contribute to the enhancement of constructibility and economization for RC bridge construction.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.575-587
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• 2004

In this paper. a new Fast Expectation-Maximization algorithm(FEM) is proposed. Firstly the K-means algorithm is modified to reduce the number of iterations for finding the initial values that are used as the initial values in EM process. Conventionally the Initial values in K-means clustering are chosen randomly. which sometimes forces the process of clustering converge to some undesired center points. Uniform partitioning method is added to the conventional K-means to extract the proper initial points for each clusters. Secondly the effect of posterior probability is emphasized such that the application of Maximum Likelihood Posterior(MLP) yields fast convergence. The proposed FEM strengthens the characteristics of conventional EM by reinforcing the speed of convergence. The superiority of FEM is demonstrated in experimental results by presenting the improvement results of EM and accelerating the speed of convergence in parameter estimation procedures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

Infiltration and the rising level of groundwater caused by rainfall are a major cause of the landslide and sliding. In order to secure the safety factor of slope, the slope stabilization and reinforcement works are used to enhance consistency. Nailing, Slope Drainage method and the surface vegetation measures can be simultaneously applied in the Mass Nail method, which is also environmental friendly reinforcement method. To demonstrate the reinforcement effect of a strengthened slope by Mass Nail, the changes in water contents by rainfall were considered while performing Scale Model Test. As a result, safety factor of reinforced slope was about 1.4~2.3 times increased on the unstrength slope. In the case of increasing water content 10% to 22%, The maximum stress was reduced to 12%~24% at the average rate of 18% on the unstrength slope and the reinforced slope by the Mass Nail Method was reduced to 4%~23% at the average rate of 14%.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.245-268
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• 2018

The numerical investigations have been carried out on deep beam with opening subjected to static monotonic loading to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the finite element based numerical models. The simulations were carried out through finite element program ABAQUS/CAE and the results thus obtained were validated with the experiments available in literature. Six simply supported beams were modelled with two square openings of 200 and 250 mm sides considered as opening at centre, top and bottom of the beam. In order to define the material behaviour of concrete and reinforcing steel bar the Concrete Damaged Plasticity model and Johnson-Cook material parameters available in literature were employed. The numerical results were compared with the experiments in terms of ultimate failure load, displacement and von-Mises stresses. In addition to that, seventeen beams were simulated under static loading for studying the effect of opening location, size and shape of the opening and depth, span and shear span to depth ratio of the deep beam. In general, the numerical results accurately predicted the pattern of deformation and displacement and found in good agreement with the experiments. It was concluded that the structural response of deep beam was primarily dependent on the degree of interruption of the natural load path. An increase in opening size from 200 to 250 mm size resulted in an average shear strength reduction of 35%. The deep beams having circular openings undergo lesser deflection and thus they are preferable than square openings. An increase in depth from 500 mm to 550 mm resulted in 78% reduced deflection.