• 제목/요약/키워드: Reheating profile

검색결과 7건 처리시간 0.021초

경량합금 반용융 압출 기술 개발 - Part 1. 반융용 압출을 위한 조직제어 (Development of Thixoextrusion Process for Light Alloys - Part 1. Microstructural Control of Light Alloys for Thixoextrusion)

  • 김세광;윤영옥;장동인;조형호
    • 한국주조공학회지
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    • 제26권5호
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    • pp.211-216
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    • 2006
  • The study for thixoextrusion process of 7075, 7003 Al wrought alloys and AZ31 Mg wrought alloy was carried out with respect to reheating rate, isothermal holding temperature and time with an emphasis to the effect of homogenization on thixotropic micro-structures during the partial remelting, especially in the low liquid fraction ($f_L<0.2$). The liquid fraction and average grain size with respect to reheating profile such as reheating rate, isothermal holding temperature and time were almost uniform. It is considered very useful for thixoextrusion in terms of process control such as billet temperature control and actual extrusion time. Micro-structural controls of 7075, 7003 Al wrought alloys and AZ31 Mg wrought alloy before and after homogenization were available and thixotropic microstructures were obtained in both specimens.

A Billet Heat Transfer Modeling during Reheating Furnace Operation

  • Jang, Yu-Jin;Kim, Sang-Woo
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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    • pp.863-868
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    • 2004
  • Reheating furnace is an essential facility of a rod mill plant where a billet is heated to the required rolling temperature so that it can be milled to produce wire. Sometimes, it is also necessary to control a transient billet temperature pattern according to the material characteristics to prevent a wire from breaking. Though it is very important objective to obtain a correct information of a billet temperature during furnace operation. Consequently, a billet temperature profile must be estimated. In this paper, a billet heat transfer model based on FEM (Finite Element Method) with spatially distributed emission factors is proposed and a measurement is also carried out for two different furnace operation conditions. Finally, the difference between the model outputs and the measurements is minimized by using the new optimization algorithm named uDEAS(Univariate Dynamic Encoding Algorithm for Searches) with multi-step tuning strategy. Hence, the information of billet temperatures can be obtained by using proposed model on various furnace operation conditions.

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An Estimation of a Billet Temperature during Reheating Furnace Operation

  • Jang, Yu-Jin;Kim, Sang-Woo
    • International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.43-50
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    • 2007
  • Reheating furnace is an essential facility of a rod mill plant where a billet is heated to the required rolling temperature so that it can be milled to produce wire. Although it is very important to obtain information on billet temperatures, it is not feasible during furnace operation. Consequently, a billet temperature profile should be estimated. Moreover, this estimation should be done within an appropriate time interval for an on-line application. In this paper, a billet heat transfer model based on 2D FEM(Finite Element Method) with spatially distributed emission factors is proposed for an on-line billet temperature estimation and also a measurement is carried out for two extremely different furnace operation patterns. Finally, the difference between the model outputs and the measurements is minimized by using a new optimization algorithm named uDEAS(Univariate Dynamic Encoding Algorithm for Searches) with multi-step tuning strategy. The obtained emission factors are applied to a simulation for the data which are not used in the model tuning for validation.

고성능 순산소 연소시스템의 가열특성에 대한 연구 (Development of High Performance Intelligent Oxy-fuel Combustion Reheating Furnace)

  • 이상준;노동순;김혁주;이은경;최규성;고창복;이승수
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국연소학회 2004년도 제29회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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    • pp.175-180
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    • 2004
  • Improving furnace efficiency is a high priority need for aluminum, glass, steel and other metal casting industries. Oxy-fuel combustion is considered to be one of the most effective method to improve thermal efficiency and reduce $NO_x$, SOx and $CO_2$ emissions for high temperature furnaces. The characteristics of an oxy-fuel flame, in particular its shape, radiation profile and exhaust gas composition are considerably different to those of an air-fuel burner. For this reason, a new approach is needed regarding factors such as burner design, power input levels, number and positioning strategies of burners and also control philosophies. In this paper will discuss the latest developments of high performance oxy-fuel combustion reheating furnace system. This high performance oxy-fuel combustion system will be shown to be technologically superior to other types of combustion systems in the areas of fuel efficiency, emissions and productivity.

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쿡췰(Cook/Chill)시스템을 이용한 고등어조림의 HACCP 레시피 개발 및 생산과정의 품질평가 (The Development of HACCP-Based Standardized Recipe and the Quality Assessment of Cook/Chilled Soy Sauce Glazed Mackerel)

  • 곽동경;이경은;박혜원;류경;홍완수;최은정;장혜자;김성희
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제13권5호
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    • pp.592-601
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    • 1997
  • The purposes of this study were to develop Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point-based standardized recipe applicable to cook/chilled soy sauceglazed mackerel and to evaluate the qualities related to the product flow of this item. After conducting experimental cooking, preliminary test, and analysis of recipes, critical control points were identified, control methods were determined, and HACCP-based recipe was standardized. At each critical control point, time-temperature profile was recorded and microbiological analysis (total aerobic plate counts, psychrotrophic plate count, coliform, and fecal coliform count), chemical analysis (pH, acid value and volatile based nitrogen (VBN)) and sensory evaluation of the item were done. Time-temperature data showed that the time the menu item had passed through temperature danger zone (5∼60$^{\circ}C$) during all phases was 60 min. At rapid cooling, but after cooling at room temperature, the temperature of this menu item did not drop below the ambient temperature. The results of microbiological test were negative throughout all phases following cooking and the results of chemical analysis did not change significantly in terms of storage periods except for VBN which increased on 7th day significantly(p<0.05). After steam/convection oven reheating and microwave oven reheating, the sensory score of the only appearance decreased significantly related to the storage time of overall quality profiles. But significant differences were not detected according to two reheating methods. In conclusion, this HACCP-based recipe was considered as an effective tool for assuring microbial as well as sensory quality of this cook/chilled item.

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학교급식에 Cook/chill system 적용을 위한 품질보증연구(I) - 삼치구이 - (A Quality Assurance Study for the Application of Cook/chill System in School Foodservice Operation (I) - Broiled Spanish Mackerel -)

  • 곽동경;문혜경;박혜원;홍완수;류경;장혜자;김성희;최은정
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.278-293
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    • 1998
  • 본 연구는 학교급식에서 Cook/chill system으로 생산 가능한 음식으로 삼치구이를 선정하고 모의실험을 통해 급식생산체계를 반복 실시함으로서 식품 위해 분석 중요관리점(HACCP)을 규명하고, 저장기간중의 음식품질 평가를 통해 합리적인 저장기한을 설정하고자 수행되었으며, 그 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 심치 구이의 온도소요시간 측정 결과, 온도상승이 일어난 검수 단계를 제외하면 각 생산단계별 온도-소요 시간 기준이 준수된 양호한 상태 하에 삼치구이가 생산되었음을 알 수 있었다. 삼치구이의 생산단계별 미생물 분석 결과 , 중온성 표준평판 균수의 경우 원재료 ($2.58{\pm}0.12\;Log\;CFU/g$)에서 냉장보관($2.70{\pm}0.42\;Log\;CFU/g$)까지의 품질은 우수하였다. 양념장으로 재우는 과정($3.82{\pm}0.52\;Log\;CFU/g$)에서 반복 실험중 일차에서만 대장균군, 분변성 대장균군이 각각 0.84 Log MPN/g으로 검출되었다. $160^{\circ}C$, 10분의 습열 조리와 $180^{\circ}C$, 3분의 건열 조리를 통해 삼치구이 내부온도는 $76^{\circ}C$로 측정되었는데, 조리 직후 심치구이에서는 중온균 ($1.83{\pm}0.49\;Log\;CFU/g$)만 검출되었고 저온균, 대장균군, 분변성 대장균군은 검출되지 않았다. 급성 냉장과 저장 5일을 거치는 동안 중온균은 거의 검출되지 않았으며 나머지 분석대상 미생물도 검출되지 않았다. 재가열과 배분단계에서도 분석대상 미생물이 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 삼치구이 전 생산단계에 걸쳐 Salmonella 와 Listeria monocytogenes는 검출되지 않았다. 5일의 저장동안 분석된 삼치구이의 pH, 산가, 휘발성 염기질소(TVBN) 함량과 관능 평가 결과, 삼치구이의 저장기한은 4일 이내로 제안되었다. 규명된 CCPs는 삼치의 구입과 검수, 가열 조리, 냉각, 냉장, 재가열 및 배식 단계였다.

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학교급식에 Cook/Chill System 적용을 위한 품질보증연구(II) - 돼지불고기 - (A Quality Assurance Study for the Application of Cook/Chill System in School Foodservice Operation (II) - Pork Bulgogi (Broiled Sliced Pork with Sauces) -)

  • 곽동경;문혜경;박혜원;홍완수;류경;장혜자;김성희;최은정
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.319-331
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    • 1998
  • 본 연구는 학교급식에서 Cook/chill system으로 생산 가능한 음식으로 돼지 불고기를 선정하고 모의실험을 통해 급식생산체계를 반복 실시함으로서 식품 위해 분석 중요관리점(HACCP)을 규명하고, 저장기간중의 음식품질 평가를 통해 합리적인 저장기한을 설정하고자 수행되었으며, 그 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 돼지불고기는 냉동상태로 운반되지 않아 온도상승이 일어난 검수 단계를 제외하면 각 생산 단계별 기준이 준수된 양호한 상태 하에서 생산된 것으로 나타난다. 생산단계별 미생물 분석결과, 원재료($4.26{\pm}0.11\;Log\;CFU/g$)에서 중온균수가 조리하지 않은 식품 기준 이내이나 다소 높게 나타났고, 양념장($5.97{\pm}0.04\;Log\;CFU/g$)에서는 조리하지 않은 식품 기준에 근접한 수준이었으며, 양념으로 재우는 과정($5.56{\pm}0.21\;Log\;CFU/g$)도 위험 수준이었다. 가열 조리 후 최종 음식온도가 $8.25{\pm}3.54^{\circ}C$에 도달하였으나 중온균수($5.17{\pm}0.04\;Log\;CFU/g$)가 급식 단계 음식기준을 초과한 위험한 수준이었고, 기타 미생물은 검출되지 않았다. 급속 냉각과 저장 1일, 3일, 5일 동안도 중온균수가 급식단계 음식 기준에 근접한 위험한 상태였고 기타 미생물은 검출되지 않았다. 재가열 처리에 의해 저장 1일($4.62{\pm}0.22\;Log\;CFU/g$), 3일($4.55{\pm}0.20\;Log\;CFU/g$), 5일($4.25{\pm}0.16\;Log\;CFU/g$) 모두 중온균수는 감소하여 급식단계 음식기준에 충족한 상태가 되었다. 배분 3조건에서도 급식단계 음식 기준 이내에 들었다. 저장 5일간 이화학 분석 결과 pH, 산가, 휘발성 염기 질소 모두 저장 5일에 유의적으로 증가하였고, 관능평가에서는 모든 항목들이 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 티아민 정량 분속 결과 ,가열 전의 티아민 함량을 100%으로 했을 때, 가열 후에는 78.6%로 손실이 일어났으며, 냉각과 저장 1일, 3일은 티아민 손실을 거의 일으키지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 저장 5일에는 티아민이 현저히 저하되어 62.5% 보유에 그쳤다. 저장기간에 따른 미생물적, 이화학적, 관능적 품질을 분석한 결과와 티아민 함량의 변화를 고려하여 돼지불고기의 저장기한을 3일로 제안하며, 생산 단계별 온도-소요시간 측정 및 미생물 분석을 통해 규명된 중요관리점은 돼지고기와 양념장재료인 파, 마늘, 생강의 구입 및 검수, 가열조리, 냉각, 저장, 재가열과 배식단계였다.

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